Dėl „sąsajos“, „sieties“ ir artimų terminų vartosenos

Vilius PALENSKIS, Vytautas VALIUKĖNAS and Valerijonas ŽALKAUSKAS Vilnius University ON THE USAGE OF ASSOCIATION, COUPLING AND RELATED TERMS In the Dictionary of Physics Terms [1], the term sąsaja (“interface/connection”) appears under two different entries—sąsaja (English conjugation, German Konjugation, Russian сопряжение) and koreliacija, sąsaja (English correlation, German Korrelation, Wechselbeziehung, Russian корреляция). In the Dictionary of Laser Physics Terms [2], sąsaja is used in the second sense. In the Dictionary of Mathematical Terms [3], sąsaja corresponds to the English word relation and the Russian соотношение, while in the Explanatory Dictionary of Computing [4] it corresponds to the English words connection and (con)catenation and the Russian соединение, сцепление. Recently, in computing publications [5, 6], the word sąsaja has begun to be used as the equivalent of the English term interface, meaning devices or programs that connect computer components with different parameters. It is evident that the usage of the word sąsaja varies. In the Dictionary of Contemporary Lithuanian [7], sąsaja is defined as “a mental connection between objects: Connections between ideas and events. A connection between science and production.” The word sieti (“to connect”) has two meanings: “1. to tie, hang (a rope, thread, or the like): <…>. 2. figuratively, to establish relations between things, to connect: To connect one thing with another. || reflexive: Theory is connected with practice.” The word susieti (“to link/connect”) means “to join: To link ideas logically. || reflexive: Interrelated concepts.” Thus, the word sąsaja is synonymous with linking, joining, and relation. The examples given are predominantly connections between ideas. Thus, the term sąsaja is suitable for describing phenomena or logical relations. It is most often used in this sense. The only important thing is to determine which of these meanings is most appropriate for sąsaja. Dictionary [7] gives no examples of interface being used to mean a device. Therefore, translating interface as “sąsaja” is inappropriate. Here we discuss terms related to sąsaja, such as correlation, linking, connectedness, disconnection, connection, relation, interrelation, link, concatenation, component, and coupling. We also provide the equivalents of these terms in English, 60 French, German, and Russian, compiled from dictionaries [8–14]. • correlation ‖ English correlation ‖ French corrélation f ‖ German Korre­lation f ‖ Russian корреляция f; • koreliatorius ‖ correlator ‖ correlateur m ‖ Korre­lator m ‖ коррелятор m. The terms correlation and correlator are the same in all languages. These terms in physics and mathematics hardly need a Lithuanian equivalent, as was done in dictionaries [1, 2]. The closest equivalent to the term linking is the international word association, since the words sieti and susieti are translated into French as associer [15]. To associate means to connect [7]. The property of objects being linked could be called connectedness, rather than associativity, as given in dictionary [3]. If objects are linked, they can also be unlinked. Thus, we must speak not only of connection but also of disconnection. • linking ‖ association ‖ French association f ‖ German Assoziation f ‖ Russian ассоциация, f связывание n; • connectedness ‖ associativeness, associativity ‖ French associativité f ‖ German Assoziativität f ‖ Russian ассоциативность f, связываемость f; • connection ‖ association, coupling ‖ French association f, couplage m ‖ German Assoziation f, Kopplung f ‖ Russian связывание n, связь f; • decoupling ‖ decoupling, uncoupling ‖ découplage m ‖ Entkopplung f, Auskopplung f‖ развязка f, развязывание n, elimination of coupling. In dictionary [1], decoupling ‖ Entkopplung ‖ развязка, the Lithuanian term unbinding is given. We believe that it should be abandoned and replaced with our proposed term decoupling. The usage of the terms relation and relationship and their equivalents in foreign languages have already become established. Manome, kad šalia termino grandis (link ‖ maillon m, anneau m ‖ Glied n ‖ звено n) būtų galima vartoti terminus saitas ‖ link ‖ liaison f ‖ Bindung f ‖ связка f, связь f ir sąraiša ‖ brace, constrain ‖ tirant m, contrainte f, enchaînure f ‖ Verbinder m, Binder m ‖ связующая деталь f, kai kalbama apie mažų matmenų ir įvairaus pavidalo susiejimo arba sąsajos elementus ir detales. Didesnių matmenų sąsajos įtaisus vadiname sankabomis. 61 Recently, two terms have begun to be used in metrology [16], also related to the word (to) relate. These are traceability and traceability. Traceability (traceability || traçabilité f) – a property of a measurement result or reference value that allows it to be related to reference values, most often national or international standards, by applying a continuous chain of comparisons with a selected uncertainty. Traceability (traceability || traçabilité f || связь f средств измерения с национальными эталонами) - the link between measuring instruments and national standards. The term traceability was discussed in [17]. We believe it could be used not only in metrology, but also in other technical fields. We will discuss separately the Lithuanian terms for means of linking and coordinating computer networks or devices, called in English interface and gateway. These English words refer to devices that link and coordinate individual computer nodes or parts of computer networks, while the word interface also refers to coordination programs. We suggest using feminine nouns for software constructs. We present three proposed terms, their equivalents in other languages, and definitions of the terms. • sietuvas || interface, interface device || interface f, dispositif m d'interface || Interface n, Schnittstelle f || интерфейс m, устройство n сопряжения – a device that ensures communication between the devices of computer systems. Sietuvas coordinates signal levels and the complete input and output impedances of the devices, and synchronizes their operation. • sietuvė || interface || interface f – software tools that define permitted procedures, their parameters, shared variables, and memory areas; • tinklų sietuvas || gateway || passerelle f || Gateway n || межсетевой шлюз m – a system that enables information exchange between incompatible networks using different protocols. In mathematics, the adjective conjugate is used to describe complex numbers: conjugate || conjugate || conjugué || konjugiert, adjugiert || сопряженный. To describe the process of such conjugation, we propose using not the word interface, but the word conjugation: conjugation || conjugation f || Konjugation f || сопряжение n, присоединение n. 62 When we want to emphasize the process or phenomenon of joining two parts, components, or devices, we use the term joining || connection || connexion f, jonction f || Verbinden n, Anschalten n || соединение n, присоединение n. Meanwhile, the process of connecting a component, device, or power source into a circuit is described by the term switching || joining, connection || jonction f, connexion f || Schalten n || соединение n, включение n. In addition, the word switching is also used to express a switching configuration, e.g.: common-base transistor configuration (= switching configuration), star-delta motor connection (=switching configuration). Sometimes the term joining is used in the sense of a connection, when no specific connecting elements are indicated. 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