Kai kurių terminų, vulgarizmų ir slengo žodžių vertimas

TERMINOLOGY LITTLE ITEMS: IR PUBLICATIONS KAI OF WHICH TERMS, VULGARISM IR The translation of terms is a selection. There is a — constant jų risk of confusion in the selection of terms by ir translators, editors and proofreaders. Most often it occurs because the meaning systems of the words iš in the language ir being į translated and in the language being translated do not be coincide, and the forms of the words are often deceptively similar. For example, in English there is the word minute, in Lithuanian o minute. — However, we do not iš even know that the English word is semantically much more branched: it has only specific meanings, but ne homonyms. ir Therefore, it may seem strange to Lithuanians that saying to keep the minutes means “to record”. In English, the word protocol also exists, but it is used only when referring to diplomatic protocol. Lithuanian words may be ir confused. For example, the English term dabs in at least two good English-Lithuanian dictionaries (ALTŽ ir DALZ) translates as fingerprints (=prints). There are often cases when a term exists, but the translator does not find the definition of jo the term, e.g.: ir lawnmower lawn mowing machine — banns the public — announcement of marriage in the church (=orders), but the — object of the iš bet (=wager) ir etc. In other cases, the English word may seem very special, untranslatable, although it is actually the name of a simple concept. iš For example, it was proposed to allow borrowing ir piersings, hospice and so on. To do not at all, because they are easily translated: piercing earrings, — hospice nursing homes. — The term slang is synonymous with the term ir argo jargon. He is a descendant of English. iš Slang words are characterized by roughness mocking ir shade. Some slang words have penetrated into the terminology of English bę economics, į medicine, law, as well as some other fields. Since they are usually easily translated literally, they are 101 translated. For ir example, in English economic terminology we find the words bear bull. ir Economists ir legal specialists usually make them bear bulls. ir Meanwhile, in general bilingual dictionaries they are translated indirectly as a stock exchange — speculator. Some highly refined dictionaries of terms do it even differently, namely: bear investor, selling shares in the hope of buying them — cheaper; a bull investor buying shares in the hope of selling them more expensively. — In this case, the terms are not even searched, only the definition of the o concepts is provided. Literal translation here is still slightly possible (a person can be called a bear, a bull), but in other cases it may be completely unjustified. For example, in computer ir terminology, ir from the very beginning, the names hard goods iš (hardware) ir soft goods (software). This was interpreted ne by specialists, but those who were completely unaware of the concepts of this field. The specialists translated exactly: hardware —hardware, and software —software. In the case of slang, the word can be translated literally as "to speak ir out". This is what happens when the English word screwdriver is translated into Lithuanian word atsuktuvas (SHAKV 15). All right, but this is tų the name of the tool, ne vodka o with su orange juice. It is not appropriate to call beverages tools, either literally or figuratively. Here can not save and written quotes. Even worse, when English vulgarity is translated into Lithuanian vulgarity. These are primarily colloquial names for physiologiir cal processes of certain organs, which are avoided from public use by a cultural society. For example, in no Lithuanian dictionary we will find the well-known vulgar words, whose neutral equivalents in common language are penis and buttocks. Meanwhile, in some recent English-Lithuanian dictionaries (DALZ), the word knob is translated as vulgar b., and the word arse — š. Similar "correspondents" can be ir found with the English words crap, fat-ass, etc. ir In this translatV. ion, in Krėvė’s words, the head į is targeted, but the tail is hit. 102 Abbreviations ALTŽ —- Armalytes O., Pažūsis L. English-Lithuanian Dictionary of Law. . Vilnius, 1999. DALZ — Piesarskas B. English-Lithuanian dictionary. Vilnius, 1998. Lithuania —- Skopinskaya L. Textbook of Speaking English. Kaunas, 1997. : Kazimieras GAIVENIS Kazimieras GAIVENIS Received 2000 06 12 Lithuanian Language Institute in Antakalnis g. 6 LT-2055, Vilnius 103