Tarptautinė konferencija „Terminologija III tūkstantmečio pradžioje“

INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE TERMINOLOGY 111 AT THE BEGINNING OF 2003 THE MILLENNIUM 7-8 International Scientific Conference was held in Vilnius Terminology 3rd millennium. Its organizers — Terminology Centre of the Lithuanian Language Institute ir University of Latvia, Institute of Latvian Language. Presentations will be read in Lithuanian, English and Russian. The ir conference was opened by ir Director of the Lithuanian Language Institute Jolanta Zabarskaitė. Valentina Skujina, Head of the Department of Terminology of the Latvian Language Institute, read a presentation on changes in the semantics of international words in modern terminology. Ji pointed out that often international words originating from Greek-Latin iš languages do ir not have the same meaning in different languages. Ju semantic correction is one way to eliminate these differences. The speaker spoke about the violation of the tr semantics of new borrowed iš English. Although a word is usually borrowed in any one meaning, over time, more meanings come from the original language. The language is impoverished ir when borrowers of a certain area iš spread to other areas, because they often displace previously used words. There are quite a few borrowed words whose semantic accuracy is damaged compared to the original. su According to the terminologist, this shows a lack of understanding of the t. y. meaning of borrowing, distorts the very essence of borrowing and at the same time encourages miscommunication. Lithuanian Language Institute researcher Stasys In his presentation The state of terminology and its role in the millennium ir crisis, Keinys first reviewed the development of Lithuanian terminology. He stated that during the 20th century, the number of terms has greatly increased and more and more of them are entering the general usage. According to the speaker, terminology is increasingly approaching the center of the nominative language system. While some dictionaries of terms almost all other standards of terms are ir translations, part of the new Lithuanian ir terminology is foreign to the Lithuan language, incomprehensible, unmotivated. The report emphasizes that it is necessary to create a system of linguistic terminology training for all fields of specialists working in terminology, to discuss the state language terminology policy. The presentation on ir the history of Lithuanian terminology was read by ir Jonas Climate. He raised the difficult challenges of today. ir Although the term dictionaries, after the restoration of independence, went about but 200, this amount does not indicate the substance. The dictionaries of physics, medicine, polytechnics, geography and geology have not been updated for a long time, there is no capital dictionary of 166 legal terms, and not all dictionaries are prepared qualitatively. The work of terminology in Lithuania is not considered scientific, — stressed J. Klimavičius. What is common between terms and onims (real words) was discussed by Latvian linguist Ojars Bušs. One of the terminology schools denies that terms belong to the lexical system, and most onomastics specialists argue that onions have no lexical meaning. Many terms and onyms, according to O. Bush, are created “here and now” (they are the result of conscious naming). Moreover, the majority of both terms and onims belong to language as speech (parole) and not to language as a system (lingua), so in this sense they are not elements of language. Terms and onomastics are brought together by their semantic specificity (precisely defined denotations, quasi-onomastics), as well as by lexicons, regarding the affiliation to terminology or onomastics of which there is no single opinion (e.g., Internet or Internet). The topic of Angela Kaulakienė’s presentation was the duration of new terms and the principle of permanence. The immediately effective terms indicate the correct selection of the foreign term equivalent. The stability of such time limits, as the rapporteur has stated, is directly proportional to the length of their entry into force, whereas the stability of time limits which have entered into force over several years is inversely proportional to the length of their entry into force. The duration of the latter is determined from synonyms or variants. The rapporteur identified three factors determining the duration of the term: linguistic, interlinguistic and extralinguistic. The conference also discussed the terms of individual fields of science, technology and other areas of social life. Juris Borzovs and Ilze Ilzina from Latvia discussed the difficulties of terminology in the field of information and communication technologies (IT and telecommunications). These terms need to be created quickly, otherwise some substitutes (sometimes even slang or English terms transcribed into Latvian) will take their place. Problems also arise because the terms of information technology were created based on English terms of this field, and the terms of telecommunications were borrowed from Russian terminology. Difficulties arise when a Latvian equivalent is chosen for an English term, although the concept is not clear, the meaning and use of the term are not strictly defined. In addition, approved and long-used information technology terms in telecommunications have acquired a different, often even different, meaning. The authors have identified ten most important recommendations for the development of Latvian terminology in this field. 167 Latvian linguist Iveta Pūtelė spoke about the names of professions in Latvian. The rapporteur identified three main problems encountered in the creation of new professional titles: 1) the ratio of derivatives to debts; 2) harmonisation of titles of professions and their equivalents in other languages; 3) harmonization of terms and nomenclature development principles. She emphasized that profession titles are influenced not only by linguistic but also by extralinguistic factors. Gita Kazlauskaitė read a report on the antonym of Lithuanian phonetic terms. It noted that antonym terms in phonetics are related in a contradictory, contrary or vector oppositional relationship; some pairs of antonyms also have synonyms. A number of antonyms in phonetics (or only parts of them) are considered antonyms in general language. More specific antonyms with the prefix no (e.g., labial consonant — non-labial consonant). Regina Kvašytė spoke about Latvian and Lithuanian stylistic terms. She distinguished six groups of terms used in stylistics, discussed the origin, structure, synonymy of terms. According to the speaker, Lithuanian and Latvian stylistic terms are quite well organized. Jurgita Mikelionienė examined the synonymy of philosophical terms collected from the textbook of the current Lithuanian language of the VDU Computer Linguistics Center. The presentation presents a method of searching for synonyms of terms, synonymic relationship between philosophy lexicons, based on connectory analysis, discusses the types of synonyms, origin, means of making. It is true that the automatic word grouping method also detects many non-terms. Presentation of Loreta Alešiūnaitė, Vytautas Gedrimas, Elena Molytė —Change of some anatomy terms and the principle of permanence. We talked about the use of preposition pair po-, noun forms, participants, connective vowels a and i, suffix -inis, -¢ adjectives in the formation of anatomy terms, Lithuanianization of terms in this field, etc. Attention was drawn to the inconsistencies of the usage, insufficiently clear criteria for the selection of some forms of expression (e.g., ascending aorta or ascending aorta). Valerijonas Žalkauskas analyzed some scientific and technical terms, meaning action (event), property (size), physical size or result of action. He indicated the terms that, in his opinion, should be changed, clarified, and proposed some innovations. The old debate about terms with the suffix -tis, e.g. end, entrance, entry, rise, etc., is raised again. The speaker said that they are not suitable for the name of the action, but there were objections (arguments, for example, subtraction, 168 composition). The presentation of Genovaitė Irtmonienė and Albina Pribušauskaitė is devoted to the trends in the creation and use of sports terms. We talked about terms that have already become traditional and about new ones, usually borrowed, whose corrections are sometimes difficult to take effect. Gražina Akelaitienė discussed whether the term keyword used in annotations is necessary. In her opinion, it is semantically unmotivated, blindly based on the corresponding English word, so it is not suitable for use in annotations. The speaker also criticized the synonyms of the keyword meaningful word, meaningful word, because every word has a meaning or meaning. According to G. Akelaitienė, the word combination most important concepts would be appropriate here. In the discussion another appropriate word was mentioned — the essential word (it was also mentioned in the presentation by S. Zajankauskas). A lot of attention was also devoted to the history of terminology. Two papers were read on the terminology of Lithuanian botany in the 19th century. Report by Robert Gedrimas —Compound names of flowering plants in J. A. Pabrėžos work Taislos Augumyynis. He found the greatest of this work. in which the flora of Žemaitija is described for the first time in Lithuanian, a part of the names of plant genera (derived) consists of puns, but only a quarter of all puns are used in current botany terminology. Albina Auksoriūtė, head of the Terminology Centre of the Lithuanian Language Institute, discussed and compared the plant names created by L. Ivinskis in his Polish-Zemaitic language dictionary and scientific work Prigimtūmenė. Almost half of the plants are given one name in one manuscript and another in another. Alvydas Umbrasas spoke about the one-word terms of interwar Lithuanian civil law. In his presentation he compared the translations of Russian laws into Lithuanian language that were then in force in Lithuania. Eglė Makariūnienė and Angela Kaulakienė presented a presentation entitled Terms and innovations in the natural sciences in two books by Stasys Dabušis (1898-1974) — a linguist and translator. Most of his inventions have not survived, but some of his terms are still used in physics (e.g., reflector, pin). Representatives of technological sciences Stasys Žebrauskas and Rimantas Jonas Mukulys examined the terms of electrical engineering used by Professor Leonas Kaulakis (1903-1987). The report indicates which terms are still in use, which are no longer used or used rarely, the terms conductivity and resistivity are discussed more broadly. 169 Stasys Zajankauskas in his presentation On the hurry of terminology management identified and discussed such problems of terminology today as literal translation, unjustified Lithuanianization of terms, disregard of the established terminology system, hasty approval, etc. In his opinion, the work of terminology management is not done in haste and is underestimated. The rapporteur has criticised some of the terms in the dictionaries, especially standards. Several of them have sparked a heated debate, for example the proposal to replace railway applications used in standards with railway auxiliary equipment or railway auxiliary devices. Another equivalent — railway targets — has also been discussed. Irma Zeller’s presentation Possibilities and characteristics of term recognition in texts, which dealt with the application of computer term recognition programs, caused a lot of discussion. The rapporteur has presented the most general operating model for such programmes. First, a list of candidates for terms is drawn up, and then, applying various criteria, it is gradually purified - ballast is removed. However, one thing is clear —in order to achieve data reliability and quality, it is impossible to do without a person —only a qualified specialist can recognize the deadlines for approving candidates in the final stage. Such programs have not yet been developed ir for Lithuanian, į but work is being done in this direction. Terminologists who have been collecting data manually for a long time did not agree with the speaker’s opinion that the arrival of new technologies is fundamentally changing the work of terminology. The text was and remains the main source of research — only the methodology of its processing changes. The most important thing that new technology can give is speed of work, but quality, unfortunately, it does not guarantee. Estonian researcher Maire Raadik, who planned to speak about terminology activities in Estonia, did not attend the conference. The conference on terminology, held at the Lithuanian Language Institute after thirteen years of absence, was active: two days of discussions, proposals of terms or simply exchange of opinions. Its results, as J. Klimavičius summed up, will be reflected on for a long time. A collection of thesis of conference reports has been published. Asta MITKEVIČIENĖ Alvydas UMBRASAS Received 2003-11-18 Lithuanian Language Institute Lithuanian Language Institute P. Vileišio g. 5, LT-2055 P. Vileišio g. 5, LT-2055 E-mail termin(ėktl.mii.lt E-mail [email protected] 170