On Genus-Species and Whole–Part Structure of Linguistic Terminology

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UCIIOMB3YIOTCS VISI UX OIPEee/IeHus] WIN TOMKOBAHUS), Bcero rakux Tepmunos B Mctounnke 2066. Crasnrach 3a7aua npeacTaBuTh IOHSATUHHBIE CTPYKTYPbl TEDMHHO/IOTHH OOpMAa/IH3OBaHHbIM OOpa3oM Ha OCHOBe OIIpee/IeHU WIN OOBSACHEHHS COOTBETCTBYIOUIUX TepMUHOB B Hcrounuke. [pr peimmenuH mocraB/leHHBIX 3allau4 aKTHBHO HCIIO/Ib3OBA/IMCb HEKOTODBIeE /IMHHTBHCTHUECKHE H KOMOBIOTEDHBbIE DpE3Y/IbTATbI, IOIYYEHHbIE B XOIe pa3zpaG0TKH H OYHKUHOHHpOBaHHS KOMIBIOTEpHOU TepmunonoruuecKoH 6a3bi 3HaKHHH (Hanee TB3): Hx HocTaTOuHO JeTanpbHOe ONnHCaHHe umeercs B paborax [enor 2002; enor 2003; [enor 2004; IIeznos 2009; Shelov 2003; Shelov 2005]. 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PesyjnbrTaTbI NpHMEHEHUA TOK IPOIE/yPhl IIO3BOJISIIOT O/IHO3HAYHO OTBETUTD Ha CJIeIYIOIIME BOTNpOCbI: ABIACTCS JIM JAHHOE OIIpeJereHUe POIOBUIOBBIM, a €C/IH ITO ĮEMCTBHTE/IbHO TAK, TO YCTAHOBUTH, KaKOH KOHKPETHO ero TeKCTOBBIM $parMeHT HasbIBaeT Onmkaimree (mis ornpepenseMoro oHATHs (iu obbexra)) pogoBoe nousTue (Wim pogoBOn 00beKT), a kakou — crenuduaecku (quddepeHNNANbHDIN) TIDpDH3HaK UH OpH3HaKH TOTO HOHSATHH (WIM 0OBeKTa). 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YTO JIUKTYeT BO3BpAT K paHee HAMEUEHHOMY KaHIHJaTy — "TIpHCIHIOCOG/eHHe ap TUKYALMI COMIAaCHOIO H IacHOTo KOTOPBIN H Ha3blBaeT O/MIKauIlee pOJOBOe MOHATHE: “dacTH4Hoe — POpMynIMpoOBKa BH/JOBOTO IPM3HAKA, OTHOCALICTOCA K IOHITHIO NpUCIOCObienus; “cmexupx” — ¢popmyHpoBKa BHIOBOI'O IIpU3HAKA, OTHOCAINECTIOCH K NMOHATHIO COITIaCHOTO H IIaCHOTO, Takum 0o6pa30M, HCKOMBIN OparMeHT TEKCTAa, BbIpaxKAIOIIOHĖ OrnxaHInIee poj10BOe MOHATHE IA TepMUHA akkomodayus “npucriocobnenune apTHKYHSHHŪ COT/IaCHOTO H TJIaCHOTO | Brmonuennas COBEpIIeHHO aHa/IOTHYHbIM OODpa3OM Ha MaTepHa/Ie Apyrux HDpHBeACeHHbIX IIPUMEPOB ONpoOnejypa HaXOXJeHHSA O/IMXKAŪINNeTO pogoBoro mHOHATHA HPUBOAUT K CJIEJYIOLIHM Pe3yIbTaTaM: VIS TEpMHHa aHmMuyunayus Onuxaiunee pogoBoe NOHATHE "OTK/OHEHHe OT NOCHEJOBATE/IbHOCTH 97eMeHTOB aHaOODEI", 171 TePMUHA epamMmamuueckas Kame2opus — ‘CucreTerminologija | 2009 | 16 27 Ma pAJOB rpaMMaTHUeCKHX OopM“, Js TepMHHA UCMOPUIM — "neKCcHueCKas eJMHUIA H 3Ha“UeHHe JIEKCHUeECKOH enuunnsl . 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Bbriu xaštmini BUIOBOM: IIpocodemozpamMmMa Cunnnabozpamma donemozpamma OrmucaHHas npoueaypa HaXOX/JEHHA POJOBBIX TEDMHHOB (H MOHATUHN) IpuMeHHMA H K Įedununuu TepMHHa NCUXOTIUHZ6UCMUKA, TIPU KOTOpONH rnojnyugaeM [Ba OJIMXAHINHUX pOJOBHIX INoHATHA — 1. “IlucyuiimHa, pa3BUBAFOIIACS Ha CTHIKE A3BIKOBEJIEHUA K nicuxosnorun’ HI 2. “Jucnuminna, KOTOpas U3ydaeT 3aKOHOMEPHOCTH IOPOXKIEHUS V BOCIPHUATHS pe4ueBbIX BbICKA3bIBaHHH; MEXaHU3MBI, YIIPABIAIONUIME DTHMH ONponeccaMH nu obecIEUKMBAIOINHE BilaJleHue U OBJIAJeHUE SI3BIKOM; SI3BIKOBYIO CITOCOOHOCTH uej10BEeKa“ (O BO3MOXKHOCTSX HEOJHO3HAUHOTO BBIJE/IEHUS OMMKAUIIETO POJIOBOrO MOHATHA A719 OTHOTO H TOTO Xe ollpejernenus cM. B pabore [1ileito 2007]). Ilockonbky ananunay moasepraercs GopMyInpoBka COBCTBEHHO onpeJieASIONeTO BhIpa’KeHUs, MHOTO3HaYHble TEpMHHbI VcTouHuKa, pa3Hble 3HAUEHMS KOTOPBIX MMEIOT pa3/IMUuHbIeE OlIpele/IeHUs, MOTYT HMETb pa3HbIie OrNMxaHImHe POJOBbIe TEDMHHbI (H NOHATHS); HAIpUMEpP, TEPMUH DMUMOJIOZUSI B 3HAYEHUHN "CITEIHĮMA/IbHAS OTPaACib JIEKCHKOJIOTHH, KOTODpas 3aHMMAETCs BbISCHEeHHeM 3a0bIThIX, VTpa4eHHbIX MOTHBHDOBOK H, TAKUM obpaszoMm, uccieJoBaHIEeM MIPOUCXOXKIEHUS COOTBETCTBYIONHLHX CJIOB" HMEeET OGnuxažirmee pojįĮ0BOe OOHSTHE, BbIipaxXeHHOe PparMeHTOM "OTDpaCJIb JIEKCHKOJIOTHH *', a TOT XKE TePMUH B 3HaUeHHH ‘CAMO IPOUCXOXKICHUE COBA H ero IIEpBOHaUAJIbHAS MOTUBHPOBKA MMeeT O/iMxAHINEe pOHOBOE IOHSTHE, BbIpaxKeHHOe PparMeHTOM “"IIpOHCXOXKJJEHHE C/IOBA H ETO IIEpBOHaU4UA/IbHASI MOTHUBHUPOBKaA . AHa/iOTHUUHO, pa3Hble POJIOBbIEC TEDMHHbI H HOHSTHS UMEET MHOTO3Ha4uHbIŪ TePMUH 4uepeJdo6aHhue: B OJHOM 3HaYeHUU OIMIKANIITUM poTOBBIM [1/151 HETO ASB/ISIE TCS TEDMHHOJIOTUUECKHŪ PpparMenT “3ameHa Gponem (unn BapuaHToB OboHeM)“, a B IPYrOM — TEPMHUH 3BYKOBOW 3aKOH O6parumM TaKxXe BHUMAaHME Ha TO, YTO J1aieKo He Be (0a30Bbie) TEDMHHbI BCTYHAIOT B POJOBUIOBBIE OTHONHIEHHA JIPYT € IPYTOM. ITO HEY IUBUTE/IBHO: BeJIb He BCe 0a30oBble TEDMHHbI UMEIOT OIIpee/ eH! H He BCe TEDMHHOJIOTHUeCKHe oIpefle/leHus SIBISIOTCA ponoBuaoBeiMu. Tem He MeHee, Kora Onpeie/ieHHe pOJOBUIOBOe, (6a30BbIĖŪ) TEPMUH UMeeT KaK POJOBOE MOHATUE, Tak H BHAOBbIe npusHaku. B Tb3 ripejncraB/teHbI Bce BbILAB/IEeHHBIE POIOBUIOBBIE OTHOMIEHHUS KAK MEXY COOCTBEHHO 6a30BLIMH TEDMHHAaMMH, Tak ¥ MeXy 0a30BBIMHU H He623OBbIMH TEDMHHaMH. Terminologija | 2009 | 16 29 Obulee Ko/nnuecTBO TAKUX nap, OOpaž3ytolnHe pONOBH/AOBbIe CB53H, — 448. Ha rrepBoM ypoBHe pOJJOBHĄOBOH CTpYyKTYDpbI HAXOASMTCA 39 TEDMHHOB, CpeJM KOTOPBIX GKMAHM, anajiumuveckoe obpasosanue, accumuisyus, agppukc, epammamuyeckas epynnupoeka JteKcuueckux eOuHUY A3blKa, epammamuueckas Kamezopus, epammamuyeckuti cmpoii, duccumusayus... ¢ppaseosrozusm, Pppaszosoe ydapenue, sKk3eMnaAp cosa, aKkcnonenm 3unaka, w3vik. Ha Bropom yposne — 147 tepMuHOB, Ha TpeTbeM — 47, a Ha deTBeproMm — 6. MakKcHMAa/IbHbIĖ YPOBEHB POJOBUIOBOU CTpYyKTYpbI — nATh. Ha HeM pacmonaraercs UeTbIpe 6230BbIX TEDMHHOB K Cpeau HUX — Jeenpuyacmue, uHuUHUMUE, npuuacmue, cynun. XaPaKTepUCTHKA 3TUX TEPMHUHOB Kak JOCTATOYHO ITTYDOKUX B POJOBUIOBOM HepapxXHH MOXKeT OBITh IPOUIIIOCTPUPOBAHA CHEAVIOMIMMU PsijiaMuU POJOBHIOBOY Hepapxuu: deenpuyacmue — eepboud — znazon — uacmo pesuu — epamMmamuyeckas epynnuposeKa jekcudeckux eduHuy A 3vika, ungunumue — eepboud — 2;1a20/1 — uacmb peuu — 2paAMMAMUYECKAA 2pynnuposka Jiekcuyeckux eJunuų sI3blkad, cynuH — eéepboud — ajia20J1 — YACITIb peuu — zpamMamuueckas epynnupoeka jgekcudeckux eduHuy asvika. II lecrb TepMUHOB HAXOAUTCSA Ha YETBEPTOM YPOBHE POLOBHIOBOU Mepapxuu: éepboud, 63auMHOKOHBepPCUBHbIE 2/1420Tbl, 2JTYXOli, 360HKUŪ, OKOHuanue, cypduxc. Heo6xojiuMo ocobo yrioMaHyTb BHEYpOBHEBPIC TEDMHHbI pojJOBHAOBOH CTPpYKTYDPPBI, — GaKT, NPeACTABIAIOMUN CAMOCTOSTE/bHBbIM NMHTBHCTHYeCKHUH nHTepec. B caMOM gene, CyImeCTBOBaHHe 6930BbIX TepMHHOB, KOTODBbIE BCTYTNIaIOT B POJOBUIOBbIE OTHONIEHHA C HEKOTOPHIMU TEDMHHOJIOTHYECKHMH HOMUHAOUAMH, HO HE UMEKOT HU POJOBBIX, HH BHĄAOBPpIX 0A30BbIX TEPMHHOB, — ĮĮA/IEKO He odeBuaHbid dakr. Tem He MeHee, TaKHe TEDMHKHO/IOTHUECKHE eUHUIIBI He TIPOCTO CYIIECTBYIOT, HO obpa3yroT CaMyIo 4acTh DOJOBHOBbIX OTHOLICHUH: COOTBETCTBYIONUX Jap, BK/IIOYAIOLUX OTH eAuHULb, — 238. Huke B KauecTBe npHMepoB IIpUBOJSTCS TAaKMe Iaphbl; B HUX IEPBBIM TepMHH — 0a30BbIN, a O7IMXAHMINIHUŪ POJIOBOM JŲIS Hero — He6a3OBbIH (ITOCTIETHNN, C/IeIOBATE/IbHO, HE HMEET M COOCTBEHHOH C/IOBapHOH CTAThH), CP. A22JIHOIMUHAIMUE6HAA MeHOe Hy agppukcayuu — mendenyusi aPpukcayuu, akkomodayust — USMEHeHUS 8 ApMuKyYJIAYUL COZTACHbIX U 6 APMUKYJIAYUL JTACHbIX, AKI peydu — npoyecc, 0X6aMbIBAIOW ULL 2080peHue L CITYX080€ 6e0Cnpusimue U NOHUMAHUE YCITbILLAHH020, AKIMUGHDLLI Cmpoli NPped/IOMCeHU — Cmpoli NPeOTONCEHUN... A3blKo6oe obweHue — obmen undopmayuell ¢ NOMOWbIO KAKO2O-TUOO A3bIKA: 30 Cepreit Illenos | K xapakmepucmuxe podosudosotl... A3bIK060L 3HaK — eJUHUYA si3bika; SI3bIKOGOL COr03 — ODLYKOCINb fI3bIKOSB; “zemepozpamma’ — nuUCbMeHHbIL 3HAK. 3aBepIM ONMUCAHUE TIOHATHHHON CTPYKTYPDI IUHI BAC TUYECKOH TEDMHHOJIOTHH CBEJICHUSIMM OO ee I[€/I09aC THON CTPYKTYpe. BrisiBennbie Ha MarepHate TEDMHHOJIOTHYeCKHX OrpejenenuHh McTOYHUKA HE/IOUACTHPIE OTHOINEHUS Da3jĮe/ISIOTCS Ha /IBe TPYIIIbI Ha OTHOINEHHS MeXK/Ay Oa30BbIMH TEDMHHAMH, a TaKXe Ha OTHOIUEHUS MEXIy TEpMHHAMH, OJUH H3 KOTODpPIX Oa30BbIK, a ApyroH — Her. Obuiee xomm4eCTBO Hap, OOpa3yromux He/NnouacTHOe6e OTHOMeHHMe, — 55. B mpenenax JTMHI'BUCTHUECKOTO MaTepuasia He/IOUaCTHbIE OTHOIIEHUs, KaK IHpaBH/IO, CBA3BIBAIOT MOO a) HEKOTOPbhle MEHTANIbHbIE HAVUHBIE CVIIHOCTH B BHIE pas/iesioB HH OTHE/IBHBIX JUCIUILIMH TON H/IH HHOHM HAYKHM H HAYKU B He/IOM, mbo 6) MarepnansHbIe YacTH (PpparmMeHTH!) S3bIKOBBIX 3HAKOBBIX OGpa30BaHHHM H, COOTBETCTBEHHO, BKIIOUAKOIME MX eIUHUIIbI, KaK HalpUMep: ¢donoroeusn — asvikosedenue, cmutucmuxka — si3vlko6edeHue, cemacuostoeust — JIEKCUKOJIO2Usl, NPUKJIadHoe s3biko6edeHue — A3bIKO6eJdenue, popmoobpasyrowsast ocnosa c/ro8a — C1060, UHEEHMAPL 2padem ponemozpaduueckoeo nucoma — asipasum. Ha nepsom ypoBHe 11e/104aCTHON CTPYKTYPHL 0a30BBIX TUHTBUC TUYECKUX TePMHUHOB HAXO/STCS, HAIIDHMEDp, TEDMHHĖbI €JI060, C102, A3bIKOBAST Cemos, sa3vikoeedenue. Ha Bropom ypoBHE I1€109aCTHOM CTPYKTYPBI pacnonaratrorcsa 0azoBble TEDpDMHHbI 2PAMMAIMUKA, JIEKCUKOJI02US, OCH06a croea, podcmieéeHHble A3bIKU, cmurucmuka, ¢popmoobpasyrowas ocHoea c/106a Vi Jip. TpeTbum ypoBHEM He/IOUacTHOH CTPYKTYPBI XapakTePU3YIOTCA TEpMHHbI Mopgposrozuyeckas munosiozus, mopgonoaus, ceMacuosio2ust, CUHIMAKCUC, CUHIMAKcu4eckas munogoeust. MakcnMaJIbHBIM YPOBEHD 11€/104aC THOM CTPYKTYPbI — YeTBEP THIN; Ha HEM PacIIoiararoTcd bazosble TEepMHHbI Co6cmeenHno mopgostozust K ciro6006paszosaHue, KOTOpble UMEIOT OJHOTUITHYIO “11€7I09aCTHYIO I11eMOUYKY , B KOTOPOU KAXKĮĮbIŪ IIOC/IEJĮYIOLIHH TepMHUH ODO3HauaeT B 94acTh TOTO, UTO O0603HauaeT OpEeLINYLIHHU, H KOTOpas, TAKUM 00pasoM, AOKa3bIBaeT riybuHy COOTBETCTBYIOIIEH MepapXHH: H3biKOG6eJenue — epaMMamuKa — mopgposrozus — co6cmeenno mopgostozust, sizvikoeedenue — zpammMamuKa — mopgoJrozus — c10600bpasosanue. [TpuBesieM ele HeCKOMBKO IPUMEPOB IHĮC/IOUaCTHbIX OTHOIIEHUN, BbISBNeHHpIX Ha Marepuane Mcrounuka, B Bue OTAENbHBIX C/IOBAPHBIX CTaTeH COOTBETCTRYIOMIUX TEDMHHOB: Terminologija | 2009 | 16 31