Terminologija „Lietuvių kalbos žodyne“

162 Alvydas Umbrasas | Terminology in Lithuanian Dictionary doi.org/10.35321/term26-08 Terminology in the Lithuanian language dictionary ALVYDAS UMBRASAS Lietuvių kalbos institutas Annotations The article examines the terminology science and practice data collected from the Lithuanian Language Dictionary (LKŽ). It is an attempt to read the dictionary slightly differently. The root term is seen as signalling information of a certain terminological nature, from as a LKŽ buvo surinkti šią šaknį turintys žodžiai, taip pat reikšmių aiškinimai, iliustraciniai pavyzdžiai su tokiais žodžiais. Sukaupta medžiaga leidžia į LKŽ žiūrėti ne tik general dictionary, but also as a source of subject information. Illustrative examples are particularly useful for this purpose. Through them one can get acquainted with the theory and practice of terminology, the difficulties of terminology work, the development of terms, etc. KEY WORDS: Lithuanian language dictionary, terminological information, illustrative example, term, terminology. AbsTrAcT The article analyses terminological data collected from the Dictionary of the Lithuanian language (Lietuvių kalbos žodynas – LKŽ). It is an effort to read the dictionary in a slightly different way. Considering that the root terminis conveying a certain form of terminological information, words with this root, as well as meaning interpretations, illustrative examples with such words were collected from the LKŽ. The collection of information allows the LKŽ to be considered not only as a dictionary of general type but also as a source of expertise information. Illustrative examples are particularly helpful since they provide an insight into the theory and practice of terminology, challenges in terminological work, the development of terms, etc. KEYWORDS: Lietuvių kalbos žodynas, The Dictionary of the Lithuanian Language, terminological information, illustrative sentence, term, terminology. The Lithuanian Language Dictionary (LKŽ) is an exceptional work, both in nature, in length of preparation over 100 years collected and put into 20 volumes over several and in the number of authors. Lithuanian lexicography work. Several generations of people 163Terminology | 2019 | 26 words used in the past centuries – from ancient writings to 20th century texts, from dialects to common language, from folk to scientific terminology. Thesaurus-type dictionary covers both spoken and written language. According to Viktorija Daujotytė, it is a fundamental text of Lithuanian culture, the author of which is the nation. Completed, but not completed. “We are (or will be) all inscribed in it, dead and alive, and those who will still come into this world as Lithuanians” (Daujotytė 2002: 35–36). As stated in the description of the electronic version of the dictionary, the words were collected by several thousand word collectors, the dictionary text was written by 70 writers, edited by 23 editors. About 0.5 million heading and subheading words, their variants, phraseologisms are described on approximately 22 thousand pages, and about one million illustrative examples are provided. In total, more than 11 million words are used in the text. A text of this size with a multitude of examples can be viewed not only as a traditional dictionary, but also as a specific textbook, which concentrates various situations of word use, revealing both the grammatical forms of words and their conjugation and semantics. It is especially interesting to evaluate the text from the point of view of content, since the examples contain certain information about current or former reality, the values of the dictionary material providers and the dictionary writers, the world view, etc. In other words, we can try to read the dictionary as a kind of cultural text through which we can know ourselves. The periods of writing the dictionary (most of it was written in the Soviet period) have left their marks in the text. Although at that time there had to be examples for the development of socialist consciousness1, “the most important for science were the facts of dialects and old texts, vivid sentences, vivid life of the nation, thinking, creativity, cunning and brilliance, condemnation of vileness” (Vitkauskas 2002: 11). For a long time, the LKŽ was an auxiliary tool for other research, but now it becomes the object of research itself, and people start to talk about a different reading of the dictionary (Zabarskaitė 2012: 241), trying to look at its lexicographic article as a discourse in which actors, situations, etc. can be highlighted (Zabarskaitė 2010: 136; 2012: 249). Jolanta Zabarskaitė assumes that the LKŽ is a reflection of the Lithuanian worldview, a model of the Lithuanian world until the first half of the 20th century2. The discourse of the lexicographic article reflects linguistic, social, ideological, psychological attitudes. 1 During the preparation of the electronic version of the LKŽ, “the Soviet evaluation in the definitions of some words was abandoned” (Naktinienė 2012: 93). 2 Most of the LKŽ illustrative examples were collected approximately until the middle of the 20th century (Zabarskaitė 2012: 247). 164 Alvydas Umbrasas | Terminology in Lithuanian Dictionary Since the author of the dictionary is collective, this gives the data objectivity (Zabarskaitė 2010: 128; 2012: 247). Based on the examples provided by the LKŽ, several studies have already been carried out, which have drawn attention to the value systems and images recorded in the LKŽ – our political worldview has been examined according to the lexicographic articles of the state, government and law (Zabarskaitė 2010), according to the material submitted by the LKŽ, Adalberto Bezzenbergeris described maris, pomory and pamariškis (Zabarskaitė 2012), the image of the squeak has been revealed in detail, covering both practical, biological and folkloric, mythological aspects (Gritėnienė 2016), based on the dictionary in question, the concept of the dictionary itself, its image has been examined (Gritėnienė 2017). Aurelija Gritėnienė, who studied the image of the dictionary in the LKŽ, says that “the specific image of the dictionary shown in her study has been formed in the consciousness of linguistics specialists – lexicographers, grammatics, dialectologists and researchers in other fields of language science, as well as cultural figures and creators of fictional literature close to them” (Gritėnienė 2017: 14). Understandably, this is said with regard to the LKŽ creators and the authors of illustrative examples selected for the LKŽ, in which the dictionary is mentioned. The versatility of the LKŽ as a lexicographical source justifiably allows us to expect the development of the basic concept of lexicography, the dictionary. Vertical and horizontal reading of the dictionary text can accumulate interesting material for various researches. A. Gritėnienė’s research became an incentive to look at the LCZ from the terminology aspect. The object of the article is the terminological data provided by the LKŽ related to the term term, its derivatives, synonyms (differentiated from other meanings of the term, which do not identify the concept of terminology). The whole text of the dictionary was searched for words with the root term- – both of the term itself, and of terminology, terminology, etc., i.e., essentially derivatives of the term, as well as other words, with which the term concept is named. It is assumed that wherever the root termis mentioned, some terminological information can be found. The aim of the study is to show what data of terminology science and practice are recorded in the LKŽ by analyzing the LKŽ heading words containing the root term, as well as interpretations of meanings and especially illustrative examples with such words. Mainly with the analytical descriptive method we want to investigate not only what is presented and how (this is more a lexicographical approach), but also what information is selected for the dictionary, what illustrative examples say about terminology issues. The paper and electronic version of the LKŽ were used in the study. They are essentially viewed as one source (sometimes drawing attention to differences). Where necessary, the Digital Library of Supplementary Data of the Lithuanian Language Dictionary (hereinafter – DSDDL) was used. 165Terminology | 2019 | 26 HEADINGS The LKŽ presents 3 few nouns with a root term, which identify one of the most important concepts of terminology science: • term DŽ, DŽ1, KlK19,71; L, Š, Rtr nj. „1. Linguistics, Vol. a word or combination expressing precisely a scientific, technical or artistic concept’; • terminology DŽ, NdŽ, LTEXI273, TŽŽ lingv. ‘set of terms’; • terminology TrpŽ, KŽ, LTEXI274; LL254, L, Rtr “1. "Science and Technology 2nd Edition". DŽ, NdŽ see terminology’; • terminologist NDŽ; KlbXVIII33 ‘terminology specialist’; • terminology of the TFG “translation and terminology”. Meanings are explained laconic, but for general vocabulary this is enough. These terms are also explained in more detail in special dictionaries (cf. KTŽ 1990; MTŽ 20054). The LKŽ also provides some adjectives and verbs derived from the aforementioned terms: • thermal BŽ22, NdŽ, KŽ “1. to the term belonging,’; ‘2. characteristic of the term’; • terminological NDG “related to terminology”; • terminological QC; L, Rtr ‘see. terminological’; • terminate “see terminology’; • sutermininti5 rs “to turn into a term”; • terminology "used terminology". Considering that the LKŽ international words and their derivatives did not use much6, the list is relatively short (for example, in the broad vartose3 The abbreviations of words and examples in the article correspond to the LKŽ. 4 KTŽ 1990 is only a term, terminology, terminology. These terms are also in MTŽ 2005, but it does not provide terminology, but terminology. These are competing terms in our terminology, for example, K. Gaivenis eventually chose to use termination (Gaivenis 2002: 18), while J. Klimavičius supports termination (Klimavičius: 2002: 131). The terminology of the terminologist is not in the dictionaries, but it could reasonably be there (see Umbrasas 2018: 107–108). 5 LKŽPK is recorded and dismissed: Similarly has happened with the chairman and the chief, they are dismissed from the first bar leading sawmill (usually in the old manor) and the senior pastor, managing the shepherds of the village LEXXXI81 (language uncorrected). This form is also occasionally used in current usage, for example, in the form of conjugated general words (Didjurgienė, Grigonienė 2010: 31). In this case, the systemic nature of the common root terms should not justify haplology, because the derivative is made from a term, not a term. 6 Juozas Balčikonis, who in 1930 became the head of the LKŽ, planned to include in the dictionary only those international words that are used in the living language, i.e. in dialects (Vitkauskas 2002: 9). 166 Alvydas Umbrasas | Terminology In the Lithuanian language dictionary the more oriented DLKŽ7 provides only term, terminology, terminology, terminologist without any derivatives). There are many more terms with the root terminin the current terminology science, many of which have been discussed by Regina Kvašytė, comparing the terminology systems of Lithuanian and Latvian terminology. For example, determination, retermination, transtermination, terminography, terminology, terminoid, quasiterm, terminology are also used (Kvašytė 2013: 130). Of course, they are not in LKŽ. The term does not have any Lithuanian synonyms7 in current usage. The name of Antanas Vireliūnas seemed to have opportunities to compete with the term, but it did not survive. Apparently, he could have been hindered by associations with the name, he had to hear unfounded accusations of inappropriate work, although, as Jonas Klimavičius has appropriately observed, his work – to name but a few – is impeccable (Klimavičius 2002: 132), the motivation – clear. LKŽ is recorded: pronoun Š, BŽ265, NdŽ "name, designation; term” (I agreed to print privately those nouns that have already passed through the pages of “Švietimo darbas”); noun Ser „terminology dictionary“ (In this noun there are only those pronouns, which are printed in „Educational work“ Vol. It appears that nominative (Klimavičius 2003: 12) occurred only in the usage of Lithuanian expatriates8, so it did not enter the LKŽ. However, there are few known synonyms of the term in the LKŽ. "Anton Baranauskas" (in Lithuanian). neol.lt. term, word“: In order to say sermons expressly, let him not use sermons, after the scholarly ones, only those of A.Baran. However, it is not clear whether the proverb is used in the meaning of a word9. From Jurgis Pabrėža’s texts in the LKŽ an unusual way of marking “terminija” is recorded: Stipresnioj ž e n k l i n s e n o j ankštara vadinas, kad jos ilgis keletą kartų praeit savo losną platybę P. Vedinis iš ženklinti motyva7 International terms dubletas, profesionalizmas J. Klimavičius mentions as synonyms of the term in terminology (Klimavičius 2002: 132), but nevertheless those terms are not functionally identical to the term. 8 On the website of the Lithuanian Research and Studies Center in Chicago (http://www.lithuanianresearch.org) it is possible to find that their Adam Varnas archive contains an article by Prof. A. Varnas “On the Reason of the Life-Story of the Name” (about 1961). 9 The term is also sometimes used in the meaning of “word”, especially in other languages (Klimavičius 2002: 132). In the LKŽ, the example given to lelioti "barking, flowing, walking, rioting" as a shade of meaning Leliojamas term K. Būg probably more orients to the meaning of "word". The LKŽPK contains cards with sentences from Zigmo Zinkevičiaus texts, in which even place names are described with the word term (the expression has not been corrected): The term Belarus is new; The term Vilnius Land, or Vilnius (Wileńszczyzna), arose after I pas. War, when Poland began to make claims to the eastern part of Lithuania. Asta Mitkevičienė has also drawn attention to these examples of the LCCP – it is not quite clear whether the meaning of the term is expanded here, or it is determined, i.e., turned into an ordinary word (Mitkevičienė 2016: 76–77). 167Terminology | 2019 | 26 167The definition of the term is fairly transparent, and the nature of the term, according to Kazimieras Gaivenis, is symbolic (Gaivenis 2002: 10). It is also used in the meaning of "the meaning of the word" minai) apei vairingą padalyseną P. iliustruojamas žodis padalysena „padalijimas“. Iš į iliustraciją įterpto aiškinamojo komentaro10 matyti, kad „termi- (the meaning of the word). The singular, apparently, would be expression (derived from express). The word is somehow not presented in the LKŽ as a heading, perhaps its interpretation was doubted or simply forgotten. However, it is apparent that the well-known creator of novelties J. Pabrėža ne11) bandė prisidėti ir prie esminio terminologijos termino raiškos. Minėtina, kad LKŽ taip pat yra pateiktas žodis nomenklatūra „1. TrpŽ (many of his novelties remained in the name of biology- "a set of terms of some science or field of activity". "Geographical Nomenclature DG". There are no differences in nomenclature and terminology from the interpretation given. In fact, nomenclature is usually used when referring only to the names of objects, realities of a certain field (KTŽ 1990: 134; MTŽ 2005: 41), for example, the nomenclature of biology (names of plants and animals), the nomenclature of anatomy (names of organs), etc. For the relationship of nomenclature with terminology, see the different concepts of nomenclature. Shelley 2006. DEFINITIONS OF MEANS It is understood that the LKŽ uses logically related common root words when interpreting words, i.e. terminology, thermal, termination is interpreted by using the word term, terminologist naming a person is associated with terminology in interpretation, etc. (see previous section). It is also understood that, for example, a pronoun, a noun are interpreted by synonyms, i.e. the words term, terminology are used. The words of the same microsystem are based on each other. In the interpretations of words not from this microsystem, words with the root term are not mentioned in the LKŽ, except for the term terminas. There are only a few other interpretations of the term, for example, transcription – “2. LTEXI379 lingv. transliteration of proper names and scientific terms of other languages into their own letters”. The term is used in the following contexts: 3. in composite t e r m i nu o s e about a plant with tongue-shaped leaves“: Ranunculus lingua LBŽ. The Great P.; dwarf – “ǁ used as a part of a compound t e r mi n o, denoting something very small”: Bat dwarf – 10 LKŽe element, named “explanatory commentary in an illustration”, written in italics (the illustration itself in vertical font). 11 Sometimes his innovations are revived now when the nomenclature of biology is being normalized (Auksoriūtė 2015: 64). 168 Alvydas Umbrasas | Terminology In the Lithuanian language dictionary one of the smallest of our bats rš. In the forest curly dwarf birch J.Marc. Spectra of the dwarf stars EncV1243. A commentary12 is added to the explanation of another word in parentheses, which tells of which field it is a term: inlaiškis „the beginning of a letter, the introduction (commercial correspondence t e r m i n a s 13) “, kargenis „a man who pushes a bitter underwater further (fishermen t e r m i n a s )“, kalninė „a certain14 iron tool; t e r m i n a t i o n ), abortion, ‘to remove the fruit (an ancient legal term)’. The word grain is not explained at all, only it is said that it is "1. audimo t e r m i n a s “: Woven with eight yarns, worth a couple of grains for KzR. It is basically the same meta comment as the ones mentioned above (in brackets). ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES Illustrative examples (usually extended sentences, but there are also combinations of nominative words presented in the form of a sentence) are, it can be said, the most interesting part of the LKŽ. They provide not only linguistic, grammatical15 information, but also a certain subjective content. In total, the LKŽ is presented over 10016 examples containing words with the root termin-. They contain a variety of terminological information. Characteristics and typology of terms As already mentioned, the term is interpreted in the LKŽ as "a word or combination that precisely denotes a concept of science, technology or art". More information on terms can be found in the examples in various articles (the titles of these articles may not be related to terminology at all). Some examples illustrate the essence of the term – Terms are the core of the special, technical language rs17 (core18). In the 12th century, it is said that there is a "significant difference between the two." In the paper dictionary, this is written in smaller vertical font (alongside the interpretation italics). 13 LKŽe comment has been removed, it is “the beginning, introduction of a business letter”. 14 LKŽe was changed to "toks geležinis įrankis, verstuvė (klumpdirbių terminas)". 15 A. Mitkevičienė has excluded the term of attributive, objective and subjective combinations with the word from the illustrative examples by which the term is interpreted in LKŽe and LKŽPK (Mitkevičienė 2016: 75–77). 16 The number of word articles containing these examples is slightly less than 100, because sometimes there is more than one relevant example in one article. 17 The abbreviations trš (soviet writings) and rš (writing) in the electronic version of the dictionary (LKŽe) are unified, written as rš, accordingly, this and a couple of other examples have been changed in the article. 18 Here and hereafter, the article of which the word is an example is indicated in parentheses after the abbreviation of the source. 169Terminology | 2019 | 26 Terms of special words differ in their meaning and definition, but the scope of the concepts referred to by the same term may differ: The term deminutive is here understood in the broad sense of KlK12,47 (meaning). A major space for the expression of terms is science, the need for terms arises especially with the emergence of new realities: Scientific terms and names of new inventions rs (invention). In science, abstract term systems are often created, which require proper subjective preparation to be understood: Elements of art in abstract terms are very difficult to understand. "to understand, to perceive"); The term is sometimes difficult to understand in FT (atsajus "disconnected, detached, abstract"). In Lithuanian terminology, nouns and their combinations provided in the dictionaries of terms are usually considered as terms: The nominative function is best performed and the nouns and their constructions KlK25,9 (terminologization) are the most easily subject to standardization and terminology; Not only words of scientific style are specialized, terminologized and abstracted, but also word combinations KlK25,5 (terminologizuoti). The characteristics and requirements of a term can be seen from the following examples: Terms differ from ordinary words or their combinations by their unambiguousness, systematicity, stylistic neutrality MLTEIII542 (systematics); Systematic, precise, uniform, regular terminology rs (uniform); In terms, the criterion of brevity alone cannot be followed KlK21,10 (briefness). Accuracy in terms of both language and logic is one of the most important criteria for the quality of a term: Accuracy of terms rs (accuracy); We call a target such a term that expresses the essential characteristics of the indicative concept KlK42,37 (targets); Maximum accuracy is required for nomenclatural and terminological names19 K. Daukš (thermal). Accuracy is usually associated with unambiguity, definition of meaning and motivation, but, as K. Gaivenis correctly observes, in practice these things are not easily achieved and the terminology managers or researchers do not necessarily 19 proofreading error in the Dictionary, there should be accuracy. 170 Alvydas Umbrasas | Terminology In the Lithuanian language dictionary are equally understood. In general, a universal uniform understanding of terms is probably impossible, preventing the progress of science. If unambiguity is sometimes achieved, it is only “through a constant struggle of opinions” (Gaivenis 2002: 38–39). These examples of LKŽ basically show only a theoretical ideal, which should be treated not as a requirement, but as a wish, confined to only one field or microsystem of terms (Keinys 2013: 50): One of the most important required characteristics of the term is unambiguity; Having more than one meaning is usually considered a term's fault; In a perfectly organized terminology, there should be a separate term for each concept. Terms can be divided into various aspects. In linguistic terminology, the structure of the term is often taken as the basis for division – single-word terms and composite terms can be distinguished (single-word). There are opinions that as an opposition to the composite term, the uniform term is more systematic (MTŽ 2005: 74), but in the usage of Lithuanian terminologists the one-word term mentioned in LKŽ traditionally prevails. The basis for division is the number of words20. The structure is also viewed at the level of a single word: Aggregate term rs (aggregate), Aggregate terms rs (aggregate). In terms of subject matter, there is a need to divide the terms by fields (this is the main basis for the selection of terms in dictionaries). The diversity of terminology fields is also evident from the LKŽ examples: Technical term DZ (term); The Minister of the Interior had the right to establish hunting terms; The homeland of Lithuanians, Latvians and Prussians, as hunting terms show, is to be sought in the forested land K. Būg (forested); The terms of kinship related to the wife's family line are more varied in Indo-European languages and are of later origin; Thematic groups of words (fish, birds, names of kinship terms, etc.) are etymologised BIV145 (thematic); 20 Terms can be classified not by the number of words, but by the number of roots. The Lithuanian standard (ISO standard translation) Terminology work presents the terms simple term and complex term (LST ISO 1087-1:2005). However, this division is not typical of Lithuanian terminology, which is also stated in the note of the Lithuanian standard. 177Terminology | 2019 | 26 Many of his (J. Jablonski’s) linguistic terms are still used today K. Kors (term); By the way, we have from him the whole grammar terminology KlbV62(J.Balč) (have; sentence from the article about J. Jablonski); Jaunius turėjo… cut grammar terms LTII321 (J.Jabl) (cut); The passive of the youth is not quite good for the purpose of grammar terminology J. Jabl (suffering); Here Jaunius has unnecessarily introduced the terminology of ordinary textbooks LTII320 (J.Jabl) (insert; sentence from Kazimieras Jaunius’s review of Lithuanian Grammar (1911); Such words should not get a place (should not be used) even for grammar terms to make J. Jabl (get). There are statements taken from various fields of texts about the authorship, concept or prevalence of one or another term: Aristotle was the first to use the term ethics and gave it the meaning of the science of morality; The term is now widely used by scholars from all over the world. Folklore scholars have introduced the term spirit seeker EncVII292 (dvasiagys); By the term "jauja" or "reja" the Zemgales mean the following buildings under one roof: a laying, a garden for straw, a sauna for drying, ashes, etc. rš (reja). In some sentences the changes in terminology of certain areas are recorded, not necessarily successful attempts to designate, to change terms: The concept of unit was represented in the period under consideration by the word vienata, replacing the term used until then vienatis KlbXXXI(1)72 (singular); When it is necessary to distinguish the concept of hymn and song, in the future both terms will be used for acceleration B. Sruog (for acceleration); Jablonskis had long argued with P. Vileišis about this term, but could not convince the publisher that the word "price" is better than "goods" J. Balč (publisher). In “Theory of Arithmetic”, when the name of the concept was presented for the first time, next to the new (“Voronezh”) term in parentheses was indicated the old term for this concept: dalyba (division), divisor (divisor), dalmuo (fraction), multiplier (saikojas) KlK29,11 (saikojas); But after hearing in Palanga that the waves of the sea are called rulingiai, so the terms vilnėtas, vilnelėtas, slightly resembling wool, vilnelę, I turned to the terms rulingiuotas, rulingeliuotas P (rulingiuotas). 178 Alvydas Umbrasas | Terminology in Lithuanian Dictionary Seeing the normative context sentences, in which the authors indicate the terms to be corrected, suggest their proposals: Manytume, kad kasdieninei vartosenai būtų patogesnis vienažodis terminas šratinukas, o, norėdami tą rašyklę nusakyti tiksliau, galėtume ją vadinti šratiniu pieštuku KlK15,66 (rotary); Having two terms – inert gas and inert gas, noble and precious gases should be abandoned KlK23,57 (precious); We suggest that such shoes be called short-legged shoes, although the term ními is also used for them. There are simply pictorial aulinukai KlK35,34 (trumpaauliai); Žaliaviniam spiritui tinkamesnis terminas žalias spiritas KlK34,38 (žalias). sentences – the abundance, complexity, complexity of terms is shown by means of metaphors: Brains dried up in an inextricable labyrinth of all kinds of terms rš (to get out); Many teachers of literature are discouraged by the cold academicism of the works of criticism, by the convergence of special terms sp (convergence); Poetry grabs the glitter of its (technical) terminology, trying to keep up with the age, with the fashion. J. Marcin (terminology). In addition, the examples in the LKŽ show that the term is sometimes mentioned in inserted metalinguistic comments, when it is necessary to indicate the source, the author of the term: Lithuanians of each region pronounce the word “nusuõkia” (Daukanto term) differently, K. Būg pronounces it differently (nusuokti); In his term, into a word-tree from which the forms of individual dialects emerged LKXIX76 (word height). If we look at all illustrative examples of the LKŽ, which mention a term, its synonyms or derivatives, it is clear that various sources were used in preparing the dictionary. Most often – 28 examples found – the specific source or author is not indicated, only it is noted that these are data from the written language (see). The publication from which most of the sentences of a terminological nature are taken is Kalbos kultūra (KlK) – this source is cited in 22 sentences. There are 9 sentences in the book, and 9 sentences in the novel. It is not surprising that a lot of attention was paid to J. Jablonski’s texts, because they were used as a lesson – 11 examples were included. There is no doubt that the texts of this author were among the most important sources of the LKŽ. 179Terminology | 2019 | 26 Some authors, who mentioned the term or its derivatives in their works (e.g. J. Balčikonis, V. Kudirka, Kazimieras Būga), have added several sentences each, more often they have taken one sentence each (e.g. Augustinas Janulaitis, Balis Sruoga, Justinas Marcinkevičius). For illustrative statistical examples of these and other authors and publications, see Table 1. Table 1. Sources of illustrative examples of LKZ23 rp 28 B. Sruog 1 KlK 22 b 1 J. Jabl 11 DŽ 1 Klb 6(9) DŽ11 LT 4(6) GK 1 J. Balč 4 J. Marcin 1 V. Kudir 4 K. Daukš 1 EncI 3 K. Kors 1 K. Būg 3 LK 1 P3LTE 1 Vr 3MLTE 1 FT 2 NdŽ 1 Mt 2SkŽ 1 Z.Žem 2 sp 1 A. Janul 1Of total 112 CONCLUSIONS The Lithuanian dictionary contains not only a large number of words and their interpretations. It is also a multifaceted text about us. It captures not only the long-standing experience of the nation’s everyday life and reality, but also the knowledge of various sciences. The study shows that the LKŽ can provide a relatively large amount of information on terminology science. The LKŽ does not record all the terms known in today's terminology with the root term- (understandably, it is not a dictionary of terms), but recorded23 the number of examples given next to the LKŽ abbreviation. If both the publication and the author were listed, the examples are attributed to the author, and the number of examples and the author are listed in parentheses. Here we are referring to two sentences by J. Jablonskis from Lietuvių Tautos and three sentences by J. Balčikonis from Kalbotyra. 180 Alvydas Umbrasas | Terminology In the Lithuanian language dictionary these terms and their derivatives are sufficient to cover the core of the words related to the aforementioned root. At the same time, it can be seen that synonyms were sought for the term in history. And it is not only a forgotten but still familiar pronoun, it is also much older, already unknown proverbs, meanings, sign language. The term is rarely used in the LKŽ interpretations of meanings, usually the root term is used to explain words having the same root. There are comments next to just one other word that indicate that the word is a term from a particular field. The greatest treasure are illustrative examples. The LKŽ found more than 100 examples mentioning the term, its derivatives or synonyms. Many of them were taken from unnamed written language sources (probably from the context of linguistics), often based on the journal of Language Culture, as well as on texts by J. Jablonski and others. These sentences provide a fairly broad picture of the theory and practice of terminology. Terms in LKŽ are the core of the technical language. Here you can find information about what terms are, what requirements are placed on them, how they are classified (both in terms of origin, structure and content). A lot of attention is paid to the creation of terms, their management. From J. Jablonski (many sentences show his merits in terminology) comes attention to the laws of human language – the principles of term creation should not contradict this either. There is regret that the terminology of some areas is not yet settled. It is understood that the management of deadlines is a difficult, time-consuming work, which is important to work consistently, without unnecessary corrections. Terminology is collected in dictionaries. Some sentences record the history and development of certain terms. It is possible to find out about the authorship of terms, their spread, there are not necessarily successful proposals on how one or another term should be changed. In the examples of LKŽ terminological life simply boils. This shows that the LKŽ is more than a dictionary, a deeper reading of it will help to find more research in the future. The authors of the dictionary have put a lot of information into it, which can be unexpected even for the authors of the dictionary. PRINCIPAL SOURCE LKŽ – Lithuanian Language Dictionary I–XX. Atsak. / vyr. red. J. Balčikonis, J. Kruopas, K. Ulvydas, V. Vitkauskas, Vilnius, 1941–2002. LKŽe – Dictionary of Lithuanian Language (vols. I–XX, 1941–2002), e. version. Editors: G. Naktinienė (editor), J. Paulauskas, R. Petrokienė, V. Vitkauskas, J. Zabarskaitė. Developers: E. Ožeraitis, V. Zinkevičius, Vilnius: Lithuanian Language Institute, 2005 (updated version, 2017). Internet access: http://www.lkz.lt. 181Terminology | 2019 | 26 ADDITIONAL SOURCES DLKŽ7 – Dictionary of Contemporary Lithuanian Language. Vyr. red. St. Kenis. 7th edition. and supplement. leid., Vilnius: The Lithuanian Language Institute, 2012; e. version, 2015 (updated version, 2017). Access via the Internet: http://lkiis.lki.lt. KTŽ 1990: Gaivenis K., Keinys St. Kalbotyros terminų žodynas, Kaunas: Šviesa. LKŽPK – Digital Library of Add-ons to the Lithuanian Language Dictionary, Vilnius: Lithuanian Language Institute, 2015. Access via the Internet: http://lkiis.lki.lt. LST ISO 1087-1:2005 Terminology work. Explanatory dictionary. Part 1. Theory and Application (identical to ISO 1087-1:2000). MTŽ 2005: Kvašytė R. Educational terminology dictionary, Šiauliai: Šiaulių University Press. LITERATŪRA Auksoriūtė A. 2015: Naujieji dekoratyvinių augalų genčių vardai. – Terminologija 22, 61–77. Daujotytė V. 2002: Pamatinis kultūros tekstas. – Dvidešimt Lietuvių kalbos žodyno tomų. Sudarė J. Zabarskaitė, Z. Šimėnaitė, Vilnius: Lietuvių kalbos institutas, 34–38. Didjurgienė A., Grigonienė G. 2010: Inovatyvus požiūris į specialybės kalbos dėstymą aukštojoje mokykloje. – Mokslo taikomieji tyrimai Lietuvos kolegijose 7, 27–33. Gaivenis K. 2002: Lietuvių terminologija: teorijos ir tvarkybos metmenys, Vilnius: LKI leidykla. Gaivenytė-Butler J. 2016: Ilona Mickienė, Birutė Briaukienė. Lietuvių terminologijos aspektai. Metodinė mokomoji knyga [e. išteklius], Vilnius: Vilniaus universitetas, 2016, 67 p. [recenzija] – Terminologija 23, 240–255. Gritėnienė A. 2016: Šermukšnio vaizdinys „Lietuvių kalbos žodyne“. – Tautosakos darbai 52, 85–104. Gritėnienė A. 2017: Žodyno vaizdinys Lietuvių kalbos žodyne. – Bendrinė kalba 90, 1–19. Prieiga per internetą: http://www.bendrinekalba.lt/?90. Kaulakienė A. 2014 [1979]: Priešdėliniai ir priesaginiai darybiniai vertiniai lietuviškoje politechnikos terminijoje. – Kaulakienė A. Terminologija. Terminografija. Terminija. Straipsnių rinkinys, Vilnius: Technika, 192–204. Kaulakienė A. 2014 [1981]: Semantiniai vertiniai lietuvių politechnikos terminijoje. – Kaulakienė A. Terminologija. Terminografija. Terminija. Straipsnių rinkinys, Vilnius: Technika, 233–243. Keinys St. 2010: Mintys apie didelį kalbininką ir terminologą Joną Jablonskį 150-tų gimimo metinių proga. – Terminologija 17, 80–92. Keinys St. 2013: Dėl mokslo terminų vienareikšmiškumo supratimo. – Terminologija 20, 47–55. Klimavičius J. 2002: Kazimieras Gaivenis. Lietuvių terminologija: teorijos ir tvarkybos metmenys, Vilnius: LKI leidykla, 2002, 148 p. [recenzija] – Terminologija 9, 129–147. Klimavičius J. 2003: Lietuvių terminografija: praeities bruožai, dabarties sunkumai ir uždaviniai. – Terminologija 10, 9–32. Kniūkšta P. 1985: Pirmiausia literatūrinė kalba, po to bendrinė. – Kalbos kultūra 49, 33–62. Kvašytė R. 2013: Lietuvių ir latvių kalbų terminų su šaknimi terminmikrosistema. – Terminologija 20, 123–139. Mitkevičienė A. 2016: Terminas kontekste (žodžių junginio lygmuo). – Terminologija 23, 73–104. Naktinienė G. 2012: Elektroninio Lietuvių kalbos žodyno naujovės. – Kalbos kultūra 85, 92–102. Prieiga per internetą: http://www.bendrinekalba.lt/?85. Piročkinas A. 1970: Literatūrinės kalbos terminas ir jo analogai. – Kalbos kultūra 19, 25–32. Piročkinas A. 1986: Jono Jablonskio kalbos taisymai, Kaunas: Šviesa. Pupkis A. 2017: Standartinė kalba? – Bendrinė kalba 90, 1–16. Prieiga per internetą: http://www.bendrinekalba.lt/?90. Smetonienė I., Smetona A., Valotka A. 2016: Dėl standartinės kalbos termino. – Lietuvių kalba 10, 1–14. Prieiga per internetą: http://www.lietuviukalba.lt/index.php/lietuviu-kalba/article/view/217. Šalkauskis S. 1991: Raštai II: Filosofijos ir pedagogikos terminija, Vilnius: Mintis. TV 2006: Terminologijos vadovėlis: Europos Komisijos Vertimo raštu generalinio direktorato Lietuvių kalbos departamento vertėjams, Liuksemburgas. Prieiga per internetą: https://ec.europa.eu/info/sites/info/files/ terminology_guidelines_lt.pdf. Umbrasas A. 2018: Asmenų pavadinimai kompiuterijos žodynuose. – Terminologija 25, 107–127. 182 Alvydas Umbrasas | Terminology in Lithuanian Dictionary Urbutis V. 1978: Theory of word formation, Vilnius: Mokslas. Vaišnienė D. 2017: Common language concept in the legislation of the Republic of Lithuania and in the context of language policy. – Common Language 90, 1–19. Access via the Internet: http://www.bendrinekalba.lt/?90. Vitkauskas V. 2002: The Great Academic Dictionary of Lithuania. – Twenty volumes of the Lithuanian language dictionary. Compiled by J. Zabarskaitė, Z. Šimėnaitė, Vilnius: Lithuanian Language Institute, 8–14. Zabarskaitė J. 2010: Political worldview in the great Lithuanian dictionary (state, law, power). – Parliament Studies 9, Vilnius: Martynas Mažvydas National Library of Lithuania, 125–143. Access via Internet: http://www.parlamentostudijos.lt/Nr9/9_kalba_1.htm. Zabarskaitė J. 2012: Another Reading of the Great Lithuanian Dictionary: Adalbertas Bezzenbergeris, marios, pamarys, pamariškis. – Little Lithuania: research on border culture. Compiled by G. Blažienė, N. Morozova, J. Zabarskaitė, Vilnius: Lithuanian Language Institute, 239–271. Shelov S. 2006: Nomenclature versus terminology (three approaches to distinguishing nomenclature 2000-2001 (2001-2002) – Terminology 13, 33-47. TERMINOLOGY IN THE DICTIONARY OF THE LITHUANIAN LANGUAGE Summary The Dictionary of the Lithuanian Language (Lietuvių kalbos žodynas – LKŽ) is an exclusive work of Lithuanian lexicography. It is significant for its broad scope, long preparation time and the abundance of authors. This dictionary not only contains many words and their interpretations, but also it is a multifaceted text that can be analysed as a corpus. It includes a variety of scientific knowledge. The article investigates terminological data collected from the LKŽ. The data unfolds through the words with the root terminthat were used in different parts of the dictionary. The study shows that the LKŽ is an extensive source of terminological knowledge. Although the LKŽ does not contain all the terms with the root term that are known today in the field of terminology, the terms and their derivatives found in the dictionary are sufficient to cover the core of words related to the above-mentioned root. The core term is terminas “termˮ, what is more, it was observed that Lithuanian synonyms for this word were searched for in the Lithuanian language. In the LKŽ, meaning interpretations include the word terminas very rarely. Usually, the root terminis used to interpret words with the same root. The greatest treasure of the dictionary is illustrative examples. Over 100 examples were found in the LKŽ, including the term terminas, its derivatives or synonyms. Many of them were taken from unnamed written language sources (probably, linguistic contexts), as well as, from the linguistic journal Kalbos kultūra (“Language Cultureˮ) and the texts of famous linguist Jonas Jablonskis and others. These sentences given as examples allow for a rather broad picture of the theory and practice of terminology. The terms in the sentences presented in the LKŽ unfold as the core of the expertise language. Here, the information on what a term is considered, what the requirements for the terms are, how they are classified (on the aspects of origin, structure and content) is found. A lot of focus is dedicated to the creation process and management of terms. Numerous sentences show Jonas Jablonskis’ merits to terminology, his attention to usual language laws – the principles of term-creation cannot contradict them. Regrettably, the terminology in some fields has not yet been settled. Naturally, the management of terms is a difficult, time-consuming work requiring a systematic approach. It is mentioned that the 183Terminologija | 2019 | 26 terminology is stored in the dictionaries of terms. Some sentences reflect the history and development of certain terms. The authorship and prevalence of the terms are a dictionary, and its comprehensive analysis is going to presented. There are some proposals that should be changed. In the illustrative examples of the LKŽ, terminological life is boiling. This shows that the LKŽ is more than result in more research in the future. If more systemized, the information put in the dictionary by the authors might make the latter unexpectedly surprised. Retrieved 2019-08-26 Alvydas Umbrasas Lietuvių kalbos institutas P. Vileišio g. 5, LT-10308 Vilnius, Lithuania Email: [email protected]