Evaluation System for Online Terminological Databases

2 4 Dó a Má ia Tamás E alua ion Sys em o Online Te minological Da abases Esz e Se mann doi.o g/10.35321/ e m-0226 E alua ion Sys em o Online Te minological Da abases DÓRA MÁRIA TAMÁS Hunga ian O ice o T ansla ion and A es a ion L d., Te mik Te minology Resea ch G oup a Ká oli Gáspá Uni e si y o he Re o med Chu ch o Hunga y ESZTER SERMANN Uni e si y o Szeged, Te mik Te minology Resea ch G oup a Ká oli Gáspá Uni e si y o he Re o med Chu ch o Hunga y AbST AcT This pape a emp s o c ea e an ex ensi e classi ica ion and e alua ion sys em o o e objec i e iewpoin s o he comp ehension, desc ip ion, classi ica ion, e alua ion and e iew o cen al online e mbases o la ge o ganisa ions. Such a comp ehensi e classi ica ion al eady exis s o lexicog aphical gen es, i.e. p in ed and online dic iona ies, bu i is s ill missing o online e mbases. The esea ch is based on p e ious in e na ional and Hunga ian li e a u e, he s udy o se e al online examples, o exis ing pa ial classi ica ions and ou p e ious esea ch. The expe imen al ca ego isa ion wi h a schema ic e sion in he appendix o e s a con ibu ion o a deepe comp ehension, he possibili y o a ho ough desc ip ion and mo e a en i e e alua ion, and ul ima ely, a g owing awa eness o he use o online e mbases. P o iding a new insigh may also inspi e he de elopmen o hese bene icial ools which acili a e communica ion in he ield o specialised languages. Keywo ds: ansla ion ools, e minological da abase, e alua ion sys em, concep o ien a ion, da a ca ego ies. AnOTAcijA A ikeln ziel da au hinaus einen allum änglichen Klassi izie ung und Bewe ungssys em zu geben, das eine objek i e G undlage wä e mi dem Ziel zu e s ehen, zu besch eiben, zu klassi izie en, zu bewe en und zu übe wachen wich igs e g öße en O ganisa ionen online e minischen Bases. Tokios isapusiškos leksikog a ischen Gen , . y. d uisdin en und onlineischen Wo yn, klasi- 2Te minologija | 2019 | 26 ika ionen schon exis ie a, jedoch In e ne ischen Te minų da abasen en sp echende Klassi ika ionen gib es nich . Die S udie basie au Weng ijoje und in ande en Lände n e ö en lich e Li e a u , meh e en In e ne ischen Beispielen und eillichen Klassi ika ionsanalyse, Au o ä du chge üh s en Fo schungen. Ve suchsweise Ve eilung in Ka ego ien bei Anwendung des Anhangs des A ikels o ges ell en schemą e möglich besse zu in e ne inėmis e minų bazėmis ypa umus, pagaliau – su ok i naudojimosi o- beg ei en, de aillie e zu besch eiben und nachzuhäl e zu bewe en die Nu zung kiemi Basen wich ig. Neue Einsich en können an egen diese Kommunika ionen im Be eich spezialisie e Sp achen e leich e nden Mi el zu e besse n. wesen liche Wö e : e imoh en, e minen basė, Bewe ungssys em, o ien ie ungis in Beg i ä, Da enka ego ien. inT ODUcTiOn Today online e mbases ha e become e ec i e and almos indispensable ools o accu a e p o essional communica ion and e m usage. The e mbase is a gen e belonging o e minology as an applied linguis ics discipline, and has unique ea u es ega ding i s s uc u e and con en . “Te minologyˮ is used in h ee senses ( heo y, me hodology and collec- ion o e ms), i s cen al ca ego y is he concep , and he e o e i has a concep -o ien ed app oach (Bessé e al. 1997; Fó is 2005). This can be seen in all h ee a eas o e minology: in heo e ical esea ch, in me hods and used o analyse e ms o concep ual compa isons, and o ganising da a e ms in e mbases (Tamás 2018). Obwohl e mbases ha e some common ea u es, hey ha e been c ea ed o di e en pu poses (e.g. language policy, company pu poses, o as pa o he wo k o in e na ional o ganisa ions), hey con ain concep s ences. This is o di e en subjec ields (e.g. legal, economic, medical e c.) and a di - e en le els o de ail, so i is easy o see ha hey p esen many di e - why i is no simple o c ea e a gene ally accep ed e alua ion sys em ha co e s all aspec s. A e su eying he ele an li e a u e, his pape aims o o e a en a i e sys em o examining and e alua ing la ge online cen al da abases acco ding o ela i ely objec i e and comp ehensi e c i e ia. The e alua ion c i e ia de eloped o p in ed and elec onic dic iona ies (Fó is, Rihme 2007; Gaál 2012) o med he basis o ou e alua ion sys em. Dic iona ies ha e a di e en app oach as o p inciples o compila ion and use in e ace, he e o e new c i e ia o c i e ia illed wi h new con en a e necessa y o s udying and e alua ing e mbases. 2 Dó a Má ia Tamás E alua ion Sys em o Online Te minological Da abases 2 Dó a Má ia Tamás E alua ion Sys em o Online Te minological Da abases Esz e Se mann 1. LITERATURE REVIEW in ou p e ious s udies we ha e c ea ed a de ini ion o e minology da abases, which p oposed ha a e mbase is a collec ion o elec onically s o ed e minology da a, c ea ed om an onomasiological app oach, based on mapping he concep ual sys em o he subjec ield. i con ains e ms and hei de ini ions o one o se e al subjec ields in one o mo e languages (Se mann, Tamás 2010: 113). As we obse ed, in he ele an in e na ional li e a u e he e ms e minological da abank and da abase a e o en used as synonyms (e.g. Ha mann, James 1998), howe e in a ious s udies da abank is conside ed as a wide concep ha includes da abases (e.g. Cab é 1998; Sage 1990). Based on ISOs de ini ion, i is a da abase con aining e minological da a collec ion (h ps:// bs.isolu ions.iso.o g/obp/ui#: e m:3.29). We ha e compa ed he cha ac e is ics o e mbases and hose o elec onic dic iona ies (Se mann, Tamás 2010) and ha e concluded ha elec onic dic iona ies and e mbases ha e some iden ical ea u es and also some di e ences, he la e being summa ised in Table 1. Table 1. Table summa ising he ea u es o online elec onic dic iona ies and e mbases (Tamás 2014: 139; based on Se mann, Tamás 2013) OnlinE ElEcT Onic DicTiOnA y TE MbASE semasiological p inciples onomasiological p inciples cen al elemen : he wo d o linguis ic cen al elemen : he concep which is sign designa ed by he e m and exp essed in he de ini ion lis s ex a in o ma ion: e.g.: p onuncia ion (speake icon), in o ma ion on he meanings ende s da a o he concep ( he de ini ion) ex a in o ma ion: le el o equi alence example sen ences aken om he ( ull, pa ial o lack o equi alence), and con ex dic iona y, conjuga ion on he equi alen p o ided ( e m, unco s ional equi alen , e m candida e, s anda dised, ha monised, ecommended e c.) 7Te minologija | 2019 | 26 men s (lexicological basics and linguis ic in o ma ion), on he con en (mega-, mac o-, mic o- and mesos uc u e), con en ele- and da a o dic iona y usage. The megas uc u e o a dic iona y e e s o he p esence o lack o quali y o he on ma e ( o ewo d, con en s, ins uc ion) and he sou ces used; he mac os uc u e is he o ganisa ion o lexical s uc u e o lexical en ies; and he mesos uc u e is he sys em o en ies (e.g. alphabe ical o hema ic); he mic os uc u e is he inside c oss e e ences. Die Bewe ungsk i e ien o elec onic dic iona ies (Gaál 2012) con ain elemen s o ma ch he ea u es o he e e ence ool, and hese include he echnical pa ame e s o he dic iona y, i s embeddedness, he ea u es o he sea ch engine and he displaying o esul s. Table 2. main e alua ion c i e ia o p in ed and elec onic dic iona ies (Fó is, Rihme 2007; Fó is 2018; Gaál 2012) P inTED DicTiOnA iES (FóRIS, RIHmER 2007; FóRIS 2018) (GAáL ElEcT Onic DicTiOnA iES 2012) mega-, mac o-, mic oand backg ound in o ma ion backg ound in o ma ion S uc u al in o ma ion on he con en : mesos uc u e mega-, mac o-, S uc u al in o ma ion on con en : mic oand mesos uc u e, no el ies: echnical pa ame e s, embeddedness, p ice, ea u es o he sea ch engine and esul s. in o ma ion on he con en : con en : phonolg amma and phonology, in o ma ion on he seman ics ogy, g amma and seman ics, no el ies: audio iles Da a on dic iona y use: usabili y, access, inno a i e ea u es and wide social Da a on dic iona y use: usabili y, alue access, inno a i e ea u es and wide alue no el ies: use iendliness, upda es and eliabili y Some pape s (Tamás 2010, 2014; Se mann 2011; No ák 2018) desc ibed speci ic e mbases, o he s c ea ed a ious classi ica ions and e alua ion sys ems (Sage 1990; A n z e al. 2014; Tamás 2014; Schmi z, D ewe 2017), bu hese a e no sui able o comp ehensi e analysis in educa ion, he aining o ansla o s o w i ing e iews. in his pape we use he ollowing classi ica ion sys em o da abases (siehe Table 3): 2 Dó a Má ia Tamás E alua ion Sys em o Online Te minological Da abases 8 Dó a Má ia Tamás E alua ion Sys em o Online Te minological Da abases Esz e Se mann Table 3. a en a i e classi ica ion o e mbases (based on Tamás 2014: 111) TypE OF TE MbASE cOncEPT O iEnTED TE M AUTONOMy nUMbE OF DATA FIELDS SiMPiE necessa ily no cable (o wi h minimum some hyb id u es) lis ) subjec applino necessa ily applicable eablings o a wo d ield) hei numbe does ( esem each he (e.g. only e m and T ADiTiOnAl no wendige weise numbe o cable da a ields appliapplicable adi ional p esen , a de ini ion in a leas one language cOMPlEX no wendige weise appliapplicable adi ional (some imes called knowledge base o e minology (concep numbe o cable da a ields p esen , and u he pieces o inknowledge o ma ion sys em maps, co po a) Acco ding o he abo e classi ica ion e.g. he Te min (h ps://jogi- e minologia.im.go .hu/), he e mbase o he Minis y o jus ice o Hunga y, belongs o he ca ego y o simple e mbases. i has en ies in ou languages (Hunga ian, English, F ench, Ge man), in a simple, able o ma . i en häl in o ma ion on he domain and subdomain, wi h occasional explana ions added ecen ly (including: sou ce, de ini ion, example sen ences), bu does no ea u e any o he da a ield, and he en y does no ma k a main e m (which would be impo an o e m au onomy) only showing one e sion. In i s p esen o m, he UNTERm (Uni ed na ions Mul ilingual Te minology Da abase, h p://un e mpo al.un.o g), also belongs o his ca ego y. This in e ins i u ional da abase was made public in 2014, and only o e s a limi ed amoun o in o ma ion on e ms. EU OTE MbAnK, a da abase c ea ed on an EU ini ia i e o acili a e he accession o new membe s a es om 2004, also had jus a ew da a ca ego ies (e.g. e m ype, g amma ical pa o speech, collec ion, domain, edi o s) (h ps: www.eu o e mbank.com) and in i s new e sion con ains collec ions o di e en domains. Ano he simple da abase is Euskal e m, c ea ed by he Basque Cen e o Te minology and Lexicog aphy (UZEI) (h p://www.euskadi.eus/euskal e m/). The Cen e me ged hei p e iously published e minological dic iona ies o c ea e he da abase in 1987, and in 2001 decla ed i o be he basque na ional e mbase. i s s uc u e 29Te minologija | 2019 | 26 show a domain, he sou ce o e minology da a esembles a wo d lis , some da a shee s lack a de ini ion, bu all o hem and he yea o eco ding he da a ( o de ails see Se mann 2013). The exis ence o hese e mbas- es is o en gap- illing, o i al impo ance and g ea alue, especially o mino languages. The adi ional ype o e mbases include he bis o (No ák 2013; Tamás 2013), which is a e minology da abase ini ia ed by bolzano, an au ono- mous coun y, and main ained by he EURAC Resea ch Cen e (h p:// www.eu ac.edu/en/ esea ch/au onomies/commul/Pages/de aul .aspx). The da abase con ains legal and public adminis a ion e ms in I alian, Ge man and Ladin (h p://bis osea ch.eu ac.edu/). The en ies a e de ailed, con ain se e al da a ca ego ies, p o ide a de ini ion in a leas one language, and he esul s o a sea ch a e shown in such a way ha concep s a e displayed sepa a ely. One o he oldes da abases is he Swiss Te mda (www. e mda .ch), which was es ablished in 1987 and has simila ea u es (No ák, Tamás 2013). The e mbase o he EU, IATE (h ps://ia e.eu opa. eu/home) also belongs o his ca ego y, bu in his da abase de ini ions can be subs i u ed by con ex s. The Se bian da abase p omo ing Se bias accession o he EU, E onim (h p://p e odjenje.mei.go . s/e onim/ index.php?jezik=engl) also has mos ly ea u es o a adi ional e mbase. The SApTe m (www.sap e m.com) has a use in e ace ha shows some new ea u es oo, and also belongs he e (siehe Tamás 2015) (h p: www. eu ac.edu). ce ca e m, he e mbase o he ca alan cen e o e minology (TERmCAT) can also be ega ded as a adi ional e minology da abase (h ps://www. e mca .ca ca/ce ca e m). i s main language is ca alan, and i shows equi alen s in Spanish, F ench, English and I alian. En ies con ain he de ini ion o he concep , a e m in ca alan, i s g amma ical ca ego y and some o he language equi alen s. complex e mbases en ail concep maps and co po a as well. One example is he Eohs e m knowledge base (www.eohs e m.o g) (Tamás 2010), which con ains a concep map and he aligned ex s o he analysed laws as well, bu has no been upda ed since i s c ea ion. WIpO pea l (h ps:// www.wipo.in ), he e mbase o he UN Wo ld In ellec ual p ope y O ganisa ion, is an excellen example o using a concep map. i con ains da a in en languages, and e ms can be sea ched using he linguis ic sea ch o he concep map sea ch. in addi ion, in case o a no ye wo ked ou e m, one can ind he esul s o machine ansla ion wi h indica ion. 3 0 Dó a Má ia Tamás E alua ion Sys em o Online Te minological Da abases Esz e Se mann We ha e ied o analyse a wide ange o e mbases, al oge he 17 e mbases, hough i could be comple ed by ools a ailable in ce ain a eas, like Russia o Asia ( o ins ance China). i is impo an o bea in mind ha his e alua ion sys em conce ns he use in e aces o la ge cen al online da abases, and does no en ail he s udy o e mbanks c ea ed by e minologis s s. ansla o s, he indi idc ea e hese, he analysis he eo and he ual ile o e en he se e based e mbases, a desc ip ion o he s eps o desc ip ion o complex e minology managemen sys ems (A n z e al. 2014; Bowke 2015: 307; D ewe alise hei e alua ion c i e ia o mo e gene al e al. 2014; Schmi z, D ewe 2017). The abo e men ioned publica ions ook he needs o e e yday use as hei s a ing poin and did no gene - esea ch pu poses. 2.EVALUATION SySTEm FOR ONLINE TERmINOLOGICAL DATABASES 2.1. Backg ound in o ma ion on cen al e mbases The s udy o he gene al backg ound o a da abase may s a ou om a e iew o he e mbases o he gi en domain. P e ious e sions may e eal he his o ical backg ound o he e mbase, and i i has a p edeces- (1990: so ( o example as in he case o EURODICAUTOm and i s successo IATE). This can be s udied om a ious aspec s. Fo example, Sage 165167) looks a echnological ad ancemen and dis inguishes i s gene a ion e mbases (wo d o ien ed, designed o in e nal use, om he 1970s) and second gene a ion e mbases ( ha appea ed in he 1980s, when he echnologische En wicklung enabled concep o ien a ion and e m au onomy o ake place). Ano he c i e ion would be i he e mbase has a connec ion wi h o he e mbases: due o ins i u ional backg ound, da a could be ans e ed wi hin he o ganisa ion, he e could be sub-cen es (siehe he in e -ins i u ional da abase o he EU, he IATE; Te mda , UNTERm). A u he c i e ion o he s udy o he gene al backg ound could be he classi ica ion o he da abase based on sub ields o e minology (language policy, ansla ion and s anda disa ion). in some cases he da abase is c e- a ed unde go e nmen al supe ision o ul il he pu poses o language policy (such as bis o, Te mda , Te mium plus,Ca Te m). In o he cases 3 1Te minologija | 2019 | 26 he aim is he c ea ion o an e ec i e ansla ion ool (e.g. IATE), o he e ms c ea ed du ing he s anda disa ion p ocess a e made public in he e mbase (e.g. DINTe m; h ps://www.din.de). O en, Da enbanken a e mul i-pu pose and hey se e a ious unc ions a he same ime. When desc ibing he immedia e backg ound o he e mbase, we may sc u inise he ea u es o he o ganisa ion ha p oduced he da abase: i s ype, backg ound, na ional o in e na ional scope, domains and a ailable unding. One c i e ion could be whe he he o ganisa ion ha c ea ed he da abase is one o he ypical g oups ha usually c ea e e mbases (Tamás 2019a: 267): in e na ional o ganisa ions (UN UNTERm, UN WIpO Wipo pea l, EU IATE, Eu o e mbank); public adminis a i e bodies (Fede al Chancelle y o Swi ze land Te m da , Hunga ian minis y o Jus ice Te min); esea ch ins i u es and uni e si ies (EURAC Resea ch bis o); ansla ion agencies ( he Canadian T ansla ion Bu eau Te mium plus). The nex s ep could be o s udy he a ge audience o he da abase (na i e speake s, speake s ha ing a majo i y o mino i y s a us, ansla o s o expe s o a speci ic domain, e.g. enginee s, lawye s, doc o s e c.). Fe ne , based on he in ended pu pose o he da abase, e mbases may be dis inguished on he basis o hei desc ip i e ea u es o in o ma i e na u e and p esc ip i eness o no malising na u e (Tamás 2019b: 110). 2.2. Technical pa ame e s o a e mbase Technische Pa ame e um assen diejenigen ha a e accessible o iewe s, i.e. he use in e ace, and do no include hose ha equi e knowledge abou he in e nal s uc u e o he da abase o he backg ound o i s c ea ion, auße sie sind sons e ö en lich . being amilia wi h he in e nal s uc u e o he da abase, we can decide whe he he e mbase ul ils he hie a chical h ee- old s uc u e equi ed by he e minological app oach (en y le el language le el e m le el); o i i has a s uc u e o a da abase ne wo k, a simple da abase o a ela ional da abase (Se mann, Tamás 2010). We also need he backg ound in o ma ion o de e mine he he da a is ex en o which he ull da a con en o he e mbase is accessible, o i s o ed in one o mo e da a eposi o ies, and in wha way. la ge cen al online da abases usually ha e hei own bespoke way o displaying he con en . Howe e , he e may be hyb id solu ions, e.g. he 3 Dó a Má ia Tamás E alua ion Sys em o Online Te minological Da abases Esz e Se mann bis o e mbase o Sou h Ty ol, whe e he de ailed in o ma ion s o ed in he SDl T ados Mul i e m so wa e may also be accessed behind he use in e ace. S a ing om his yea , he Ve wal ungsglossa (h ps:// www.sp ach essou cen.a / e wal ungsglossa /), c ea ed in coope a ion wi h he Uni e si y o Vienna and con aining 700 e ms can al eady be accessed in Excel, TbX and pd o ma , in SDl T ados Mul i e m ile o ma and h ough he online Quick Te m so wa e, and, wha is mo e, also in he o m o an app. O he da abases allow use s o download some o hei con en (siehe Download IATE: h ps://ia e.eu opa.eu/home). Da abases a e becoming mo e mode n and echnologically sophis ica ed, and may allow wipopea lnews2019/news_0003.h ml). use s o access he da a using a ious de ices, o ins ance a sma phone o able in he case o WIpO pea l (h ps://www.wipo.in / e e ence/en/ 2.3. In o ma ion on he con en o he e mbase 2.3.1. GENERAL FEATURES OF THE DATABASE Fü den Zweck de Un e suchung de allgemeinen Eigenscha en on Te mbases, haben wi sie g uppie bezüglich de applicabili y des e minologischen Ansa zes and he s uc u e o da abases in zwei: one g oup o he mo e gene al, main ea u es and one o he mo e de ailed and speci ic ones. in he i s g oup we s a ed wi h analysing whe he he linguis ic da a ha e been eco ded in he da abase keeping he concep -o ien ed app oach in mind. in some cases we migh wi ness he semasiological app oach (based on he wo d o linguis ic sign) being mixed wi h he concep -o ien ed app oach, and as a consequence e m au onomy is no ully obse ed o lexicog aphical ools a e added (see he wo d lis cha ac e is ics o EU OTE MbAnK o he addi ional lis o dic iona ies on he websi e o he SAPTe m o Te mium Plus da abase o u he pu poses, bu no cons i u ing pa o he e mbase) (see also Se mann, Tamás 2013; Tamás 2015). The Te mium plus e mbase does no o e a sepa a e hi lis wi h he indica ion o domains as a s epping s one, bu he o e s a da a shee con aining eco d 1, eco d 2 and so on. based on abo e we can dis inguish be ween pu ely onomasiological e mbases and e mbases ha ha e some kinds o semasiological ea u es as well in hei make-up. 9Te minologija | 2019 | 26 in addi ion, hese ea u es a e closely ela ed o each o he , and o en ha d o sepa a e (such as edi ing p inciples, documen a ion, eliabili y and quali y). in line wi h he abo e we ha e encoun e ed wo kinds o di icul ies: on he one hand, he common ea u es a e less ob ious han in he case o dic iona ies, and on he o he hand some ea u es belong o mo e han one c i e ion. The applica ion o he se o c i e ia o ocabula ies has e ealed he di e ences be ween he gen es o hese ansla ion ools o lexicog aphy and e minology and he main cha ac e is ics o e mbases alike. None heless, he analysis can be conside ed as concluded. Wi h a u he speci ica ion o e alua ion c i e ia, a possible de elopmen o a mo e e iden s uc u e on online su aces and he necessa y e olu ion o e ime o e mbases, i will be possible o wo k ou a mo e speci ic desc ip ion. S ill, we belie e ha his e alua ion sys em can be use ul o ob aining a mo e ho ough unde s anding and mo e conscious use o hese ools in educa ion, when w i ing e iews and o ansla o s alike, as al eady e ealed in he case o ocabula ies. Applying his e alua ion sys em s epby-s ep, he use migh disco e new unc ions o he ool. i also helps use s o m and sha e an objec i e expe opinion o e mbases bo h o ally and in he o m o e iews. As we ha e emphasised a he beginning o he pape , his e alua ion sys em is mean o be en a i e. We hope ha i s comp ehensi e na u e o ou analysis migh e en inspi e de elope s. The gen e o e mbases i sel is closely linked o p ac ical equi emen s, howe e i also enables c ea i i y. eFe enCes A n z R., pich H., maye F. 2009: Ein uh ung in die Te minolgiea bei , Hildesheim, Zü ich, New yo k: Geo g Olms Ve lag. (6. Au l.). A n z R., pich H., Schmi z K.-D. 2014: Ein üh ung in die Te minologiea bei , Hildesheim / Zü ich / New yo k: Geo g Olms Ve lag. Bessé B. de, Nkwen i-Azeh B., Sage J. C. 1997: Glossa y o Te ms Used in Te minology. – Te minology 4, 117–156. Bowke L. 2015: Te minology and T ansla ion. – Handbook o Te minology. H. J. Kocke , F. S eu s (eds.), Ams e dam / philadelphia: John Benjamins publishing Company, 304–323. Cab é m. T. 1998: Te minology. Theo y, Me hods and Applica ions (Te minology and Lexicog aphy Resea ch and P ac ice i), Ams e dam / Philadelphia: john benjamins. Chiocche i E. 2019: Te minology Wo k in Sou h Ty ol: New App oaches, New Te mbase, New Domains. Scien- i ic, Adminis a i e and Educa ional Dimensions o Te minology. 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C. 1990: A P ac ical Cou se in Te minology P ocessing, Ams e dam / Philadelphia: john benjamins Publishing company. Schmi z K.-D., D ewe p. 2017: Te minologiemanagemen . G undlagen, Me hoden, We kzeuge, be lin: Sp inge Vieweg Ve lag. Schmi z K.-D. 2012: Using in e na ional S anda ds o Te minology Exchange. – Te minologija 19, 33–38. A ailable a : h p://lki.l /wp-con en /uploads/2017/06/Te minologija-19-ilo epd -comp essed.pd [ac- cessed 05.08.2019]. Se mann E., Tamás D. 2010: Hogyan de iniálha juk a o dí ói ada bázis ? Egy olasz és egy spanyol o dí ói e minológiai ada bázis izsgála a. [How o De ine he T ansla ion Da abase? S udy o an i alian and a Spanish T ansla ion O ien ed Te mbase]. – Nyel ek alálkozása a o dí ásban. Dok o i ku a ások Klaudy Kinga isz ele é e. K. Ká oly, á. Fó is (eds.), Budapes : ELTE Eö ös Kiadó, 101–115. Se mann E. 2011: A e minológiai szab ányosí ás sze epe a lokalizáció olyama ában. [The Role o Te mi- nology S anda diza ion in Localisa ion]. – Fo dí ás udomány 13(2), 72–87. Se mann E. 2013: A e minológiai szab ányosí ás és a e minológiai ha monizáció o dí ási ona kozásai. [The T ansla ional Aspec s o Te minology S anda disa ion and Te minology Ha monisa ion]. Doc o al disse a ion (manusc ip ), Budapes : ELTE. Se mann E., Tamás D. 2013: Elek onikus szó á agy e minológiai ada bázis? [Elec onic Dic iona y o Te mbase?]. – Tá sadalmi ál ozások, nyel i ál ozások. A XXII. MANYE Kong esszus előadásai. Szeged 2012. áp ilis 12–14. Sz. Tó h (ed.), Budapes –Szeged: mANyE–Szegedi Egye emi Kiadó Juhász Gyula Felsőok a ási Kiadó, 450–454. A ailable a : h p://mek.oszk.hu/11700/11730/. Se mann E. 2019: A e minológiai munka olyama ok és a o dí ás szempon jából ele áns ISO-szab ányok. [ISO S anda ds Rele an o Te minology Wo k and T ansla ion]. – A szab ányosí ás o dí ási és e mi- nológiai ona kozásai. á. Fó is, A. Bölcskei (eds.), Budapes , L’Ha ma an. Se mann E. 2019: Te minológiai ada bázisok min a nyel i ko lá ok á hidalásának eszközei. magya nyel en (is) elé he ő néhány e minológiai ada bázis a almi és sze keze i izsgála a. [Te mbases as he means o 4 1Te minologija | 2019 | 26 Su pass Language Ba ie s. Con en and S uc u al Analysis o Some Te mbases (also) A ailable in Hun- ga ian]. – Ac a His o iae Li e a um Hunga ica um. Ac a Uni e si a is Szegediensis 34(3), 149–169. Tamás D. 2010: La Knowledge Base EOHS Te m, ossia un ocabola io Online C ea i o. – Co inus nyel i napok, “K ea i i ás és nyel ”. 2009. szep embe 23–24. G. Cs. Dá id, A. Zelényi (eds.), Budapes i Co inus Egye em IOK Alkalmazo Nyel észe i Ku a ó- és To ábbképző Közpon , Budapes : Aula, 349–355. Tamás D. 2013: Az olaszo szági Bolzano au onóm megyében élő kisebbségek jogainak édelmé ől és a bis o e minológiai p ojek lé ejö ének há e é ől. [On he p o ec ion o Righ s o he mino i y Communi ies Li ing in he Au onomous Coun y o Bolzano, and he Bis o Te minology p ojec ]. – Magya Te mi- nológia 6(1), 41–60. Tamás D. m. 2014: A gazdasági szakszö egek o dí ásának e minológiai ké dései ől. [The Te minological As- pec s o he T ansla ion o Economic Tex s], Fo dí ás udományi é ekezések I, Budapes : ELTE BTK Fo dí ó- és Tolmácsképző Tanszék. Tamás D. 2015: Az SAp e m e minológiai ada bázis izsgála a. [The S udy o SAp e m Te mbase]. – A o dí ás i kos ös ényein. Dok o i ku a ások Klaudy Kinga isz ele é e II. K. Ká oly, á. Fó is (eds.), Budapes : ELTE Eö ös Kiadó, 211–230. A ailable a : h p://www.el e eade .hu/media/2018/05/A_ o di as_ i kos_os e- nyein_READER.pd . Tamás D. m. 2018: mié ögzí sünk jogi szaksza aka e minológiai ada bázisokban? [Why Should We Reco d Legal Te ms in Te mbases?]. – Magya Jogi Nyel 2(2), 30–32. A ailable a : h ps://joginyel .hu/ besza molo-a-jog-es- e minologia-cimu-kon e encia ol/. Tamás D. m. 2019a: A IUSTe m jogi és közigazga ási e minológiai ada bázis há é munkála ainak apasz a- la ai ól. [IUSTe m Te minological Da abase o Law and public Adminis a ion: A Glimpse Behind he Scenes]. – Diszciplínák alálkozása – nyel i köz e í és a XXI. században. Sz. Szo ák (ed.), Budapes : OFFI Z , 260–281. A ailable a : h ps://150.o i.hu/kiad anyok/ diszciplinak- alalkozasa-nyel i-koz e i es-21-szazadban. Tamás D. m. 2019b: A e minológiai ada bázisok min a e minológia-s a égia eszközei. [Te minology Da abases as Means o Te minology S a egy]. Talk held a : Te minológia-s a égiai kihí ások a magya nyel ona ko- zásában. [challenges o Te minology S a egy in he Hunga ian language A ea], budapes : OFFILHa ma an, 105119 (In p ess). soCU es 12620: 2019 Managemen o Te minology Resou ces ‒ Da a Ca ego y Speci ica ions. 3 h edi ion [2019.05]. 12620: 2009 Te minology and O he Language and Con en Resou ces Speci ica ion o Da a Ca ego ies and Managemen o a Da a Ca ego y Regis y o Language Resou ces. 12620: 1999 Compu e Applica ions in Te minology ‒ Da a Ca ego ies. ISO 16642: 2017 Compu e Applica ions in Te minology ‒ Te minological Ma kup F amewo k. ISO 16642: 2017 Compu e Applica ions in Te minology ‒ Te minological Ma kup F amewo k. ISO 16642: 2017 Compu e Applica ions in Te minology [2017.11]. ‒ Te minological Ma kup F amewo k. 2nd edi ion online soCU es: h p://www.da ca in o.ne [accessed 05.08.2019] h ps://ec.eu opa.eu educa ion/knowledge-cen e-in e p e a ion/e en s/jiamca -2019_en [accessed h ps: www.eu ac.edu enen esea ch/au onomiescom/mulPages e mde aul .aspx www.isoca .o g [accessed 10.03.2013] 05.08.2019] h ps: www.ca ca ca in o.en ecu sos/p oduc es-mul imedia- e m es -dic iona y-sel -assessmen - es [accessed 08.08.2019] h ps: www.wipo.in a lence/enwipope_ e e ence 05.09.2019 [accessed 14.03.2019] Te mbases: bis o h p://bis osea ch.eu ac.edu h ps [zugegangen 14.03.2019] DinTe m h ps www.din.de [zugegangen 14.03.2019] ce ca e m h ps://www. e mca .ca /ca/ce ca e m [zugegangen 06.08.2019] 2 Dó a Má ia Tamás E alua ion Sys em o Online Te minological Da abases 4 Dó a Má ia Tamás E alua ion Sys em o Online Te minological Da abases Esz e Se mann E onim h p://p e odjenje.mei.go . s://e onim/sp.php?jezik=engl [indexed 05.08.2019] eohs e m www.eohs e m.o g [indexed 14.03.2019] EUROTERmBANK (h pswww.eu o e mbank.com/) [indexed 05.08.2019] EUSKALTERm (accessh p: www.euskadi.eus/web01-Spapeuskaleu/Wa q91EusTe mkon sJul aq91aAc ion.do) [accessed 05.08.2019] F ance Te me (h p:www.cul u e. / ance e me) [e eich 05.08.2019] IATE h ps://ia e.eu opa.eu; h ps: www.ia e.eu opa.eu/home h ps: www.sap e m.com [accessed 14.03.2019] WIpO pea l [accessed 15.03.2019] h ps: www. e mda .ch [accessed 14.03.2019] Te mium plus h ps: www.b b. e mium.gc.ca [accessed 14.03.2019] Ve wal ungssa h ps: www. e wal ungsglossa [accessed 05.2019] WIpO pea l [accessed 15.03.2019] h ps: h ps: www.wipoin .go .hu [accessed 14.03.2019] h ps: h ps: h ps: h ps: h ps: h ps: h ps: h ps: h ps: h ps: h ps: h ps: h ps: h ps: h ps: h ps: h ps: h ps: h ps: h ps: h ps: h ps: h ps: h ps: h ps: h ps: h ps: h ps: h ps: h ps: h ps: h ps: h ps: h ps: h ps: h ps: h ps: h ps: h ps: h ps: EVALUATION SySTEm FOR ONLINE TERmINOLOGICAL DATABASES I. Backg ound in o ma ion on cen al e mbases A) GENERAL BACKGROUND 1. A su ey o he e mbases a he gi en domain: his o ical backg ound, da e o c ea ion, e olu ion, newly implemen ed o imp o ed e sion o a o me da abase; diach onic ( o me e sions) o synch onic desc ip ion; ela ionship wi h o he e mbases wi hin o ou side he o ganisa ion. 2. G ouping based on aim: language policy and e minology policy aims; ansla ion-o ien ed e mbase; s anda disa ion pu poses. B) Immedia e BACKGROUND 1. The cha ac e is ics o he o ganisa ion ha p oduced he e mbase: he backg ound o he o ganisa ion, whe he i has a na ional o in e na ional scope, domain, unding and ype o o ganisa ion: in e na ional o ganisa ion, public adminis a i e agency, esea ch ins i u e, uni e si y, ansla ion agency. 2. Ta ge use s: na i e speake s, speake s ha ing a majo i y o mino i y s a us; ansla o s; expe s o a speci ic domain, e.g. enginee s, lawye s, doc o s e c. 4Te minologie | 2019 | 26 3. in ended pu pose: desc ip i eness; p esc ip i eness. II. Technical pa ame e s o a e mbase A) THE SOFTWARE bespoke; hyb id; comme cially a ailable. B) ACCESSIBILITY OF THE TERmBASE open o es ic ed; downloading o da a allowed, suppo ed pla o ms (e.g. sma phone, able ). III. In o ma ion on he con en o he e mbase A) GENERAL FEATURES OF THE DATABASE 1. concep o ien ed: pu ely onomasiological app oach; hyb id app oach, con aining semasiological elemen s as well. 2. Simple, adi ional o complex e mbases: numbe o s uc u al elemen s ( e mbase, concep map, co pus); le el o de ail in en ies: ype and numbe o da a ca ego ies. B) DETAILED STRUCTURE OF THE DATABASE 1. A he le el co esponding o megas uc u e: di ec ions o use and o he o ms o help: o um, cha se ice o use s acing di icul ies; a ailabili y o copy igh ; in o ma ion on he numbe o concep s/en ies and e ms; numbe o languages: monolingual, bilingual, mul ilingual; numbe o domains and sub-domains. 2. A he le el co esponding o mac os uc u e: sea ch op ions: simple o ad anced o e ms, in he domain, subdomain, o wo d agmen s; linguis ic sea ch only o concep map sea ch as well; sea ch in aligned co pus; links gi ing access o o he da a eposi o ies; display and o ganisa ion o sea ch esul s (hi lis o lack o ); na u e o shown in o ma ion ( ex , image, mul imedia). 4 Dó a Má ia Tamás E alua ion Sys em o Online Te minological Da abases Esz e Se mann 3. A he le el co esponding o mic os uc u e: numbe o da a ca ego ies and ex en o elabo a ion; ypes o da a ca ego ies and i s o ganisa ion: display o da a ca ego ies and cla i y o en ies: o de and labelling o da a ca ego ies; espec o p inciples o e minology da a modelling: beyond being concep o ien ed is he e e m au onomy, he le el o ealisa ion o a h ee-le el hie a chical s uc u e (en y le el index le el e m le el, i anspa en h ough ex e nal desc ip ions), da a elemen a i y and g anula i y; manda o y and op ional da a ields; da a ca ego ies as pe he wo k me hods: is he e a de ini ion o no ; he numbe o language a ian s o he de ini ion; a wea he de ini ion can be eplaced by a con ex ; de ini ion is o one concep o is he e a con as i e pu pose (e.g. exis ence o he da a ca ego y o equi alence); choice o da a ca ego ies based on aims/sub ield o e minology: s anda disa ion, ansla ion o language policy; choice o da a ca ego ies based on speci ic equi emen s o he domain (e.g. illus a ions in an enginee ing e mbase). 4. A he le el co esponding o mesos uc u e: c oss e e ences (links wi hin he en ies, links among en ies); ex e nal links ( o o he websi es o eposi o ies); appea ance o links (can be opened, accessibili y, desc ip ion o con en ). IV. In o ma ion on he usage o he e mbase A) USER FRIENDLINESS OF THE DATABASE unde s andabili y; use o abb e ia ions; isual elemen s; easy o sea ch. b) UPDATES equency o upda es; gene al s a e o up- o-da eness (da es o eco ding). C) RELIABILITY OF DATA documen a ion: sou ces and hei indica ion, in o ma ion on eliabili y in each en y and i s ma king; da e o eco ding o up- o- 4Te minologie | 2019 | 26 s a e; w i en sou ces, in e nal o ex e nal da eness; s a , icon, ex o indica e eliabili y o he alida ed ne wo k o expe s; he o indi idual submissions, c owd-sou ced and use o pe manen o one-o links; – edi ing op ions and eliabili y: o ganisa ional wi h in e nal and/o ex e nal expe s, coope a ion wi h o he o ganisa ions, possibili y checked, esul s ex a in o ma ion: ideo u o ial, e-cou se; inno a i e om machine ansla ion wi h indica ion e c. D) THE INNOVATIVE NATURE OF THE DATABASE – con ains ex a elemen s: concep map, co pus; display o lack he eo . E) VALUE OF THE TERMBASE FOR SOCIETy AND ITS IMPTANCE FOR THE PROFESSION aspec s o language s a egy and e minology policy; scope and ype o expe s in e es ed; oppo uni ies o aining, e-cou se, wo kshop, o coope a ion ag eemen s (e.g. wi h uni e si ies). inTe neinen Te minen Basen e Tinimo sisTema San auka A ikeln ziel da au hinaus einen allum änglichen Klassi izie ung und Bewe ungssys em zu geben, das eine objek i e G undlage wä e mi dem Ziel zu e s ehen, zu besch eiben, zu klassi izie en, zu bewe en und zu übe wachen wich igs e g öße en O ganisa ionen online e minischen Bases. Solche isapusiškos leksikog aphischen Gen ü, . y. d ucdin en und onlineischen Wo ynü, Klassi ika ionen schon es a, jedoch in e ne ischen Te minübasen en sp echende Klassi ika ionen gib es nich . Die Un e suchung basie au Weng ijoje und in ande en Lände n e ö en lich e Leksikog aphie und Te minologien Be eichen Li e a u , ISO S anda ds, meh e en In e ne ischen Te minen Basien, eillichen Klassi ika ionsanalysen, Au o en gemach en Fo schungen. Te minäbasen anzuwendende K i e ien-Sa z is ausgea bei e un e Be ücksich igung on ie wich igs en Ka ego ien: g undlegende In o ma ionen, echnische Pa ame e , Inhal sin o ma ionen und Nu zung. S aipsnyje wi d auch eine Schema o geleg , die wä e nich schwe zu e wenden wäh end Semin ode Un e ich . allmählich anwendend solch einen K i e ien-Sa z, kann de Benu ze imme meh Wissen e we ben ode soga en deck en neuen Funk ionen. o läu ige Bewe ungssys em en hüll , dass bei Anwendung as einhei liche e minologischen Me hoden e s ell e Te minäbasen haben gewisse Besonde hei en, da e schiedene Be eiche Ve b auche e eikiai und e hobenen Zwecke o de n un e schiedliche Redagie ungsp inzipien. Auße dem sind manche Besonde hei en eng mi einande e bunden und sie o schwe zu ennen (z.B.: Redak ionsp inzipien, Dokumen a ion, Glaubwü digkei , Quali ä ). 4 Dó a Má ia Tamás E alua ion Sys em o Online Te minological Da abases Esz e Se mann Expe imen elle Ausg enzung in Ka ego ien hil besse zu beg ei en, aus üh liche zu besch eiben und au me ksame zu bewe en benu zungsin e nen Beg i sbasen, endlich wah zunehmen, wie wich ig Sp ach achleu en solche Basen zu nu zen. Das ö de n wü de Ve b auche zu bilden übe Te minų bazes objek i iä Meinung und sie eilen mündlich ode sch i lich, indem sie umž alginius A ikel sch eiben. Gau a 2019-09-02 Dó a Má ia Tamás Hunga ian O ice o T ansla ion and A es a ion l d Hunga y, 1062 budapes , bajza u ca 52 Hunga y, 1146 Te mik Te minology Resea ch G oup a Ká oli Gáspá Uni e si y o he e o med chu ch o Hunga y Budapes , Dózsa Gyö gy ú 25 E-mail: [email p o ec ed]; [email p o ec ed] Esz e Se mann Uni e si y o Szeged Facul y o Humani ies and Social Sciences Depa men o i alian S udies Hunga y, 6722 Szeged, Egye em u. 2 Hunga y, Te mik Te minology Resea ch G oup a Ká oli Gáspá Uni e si y o he e o med chu ch o Hunga y 1146 Budapes , Dózsa Gyö gy ú 25 E-mail esz e .se [email p o ec ed]