Vienažodė astrologijos terminija kilmės požiūriu

128 Ramunė Vaskelaitė | One-word astrological terminology from the point of view of origin doi.org/10.35321/term27-06 One-word terminology of astrology in terms of origin RAMUNĖ VASKELAITĖ Lietuvių kalbos institutas This article is a first look into an unexplored field – the terminology of astrology. It is possible to look through it by selecting a group of single-word terms. The composition of this group of terms in terms of origin is examined. The prevalence of the borrowed term layer is evident, but, unlike in many areas of terminology use that are heavily influenced by English today, even in such an open medium to the influence of English as the Internet language (the analysis is carried out on the basis of astrology websites published on the Internet), there are few terms that show signs of borrowing or direct term takeover from English. Astrology, although not recognized as a science, emerges as an independent terminology to have a field of use. KEY WORDS: astrology term, origin of term, loan, term of Lithuanian origin, mono-word term, compound term ABSTRACT The present article takes a look at the unresearched field of the terms of astrology. It attempts to look around in this field with the focus on the group of one-word terms. The aim of the article is to determine the composition of this group of terms from the perspective of origin. The study reveals that the layer of borrowed terms takes the lead, though, in contrast to many other fields, which are today strongly affected by the English language, there are few terms showing the signs of borrowing or direct adoption of the term from the English language even in such a medium open to the influence of the English language as the language of the Internet (the analysis is based on the websites of astrology accessible online). Astrology stands out as the field of the use of terms having its own independent set of terms, though it is not recognised as a science. KEYWORDS: term of astrology, origin of term, loanword, term of Lithuanian origin, oneword term, composite term 129Terminology | 2020 | 27 INTRODUCTION Although the structure of the term astrology would allow the object it refers to to be classified as a science1, in reality the relationship of this object to science is not as clear as, for example, the relationship of geology, sociology, psychology or other objects named by terms of similar structure. This is demonstrated by the mere attempt to define or clarify the concept. For example, in some astrological publications or websites astrology is recognized as a science, at the same time providing for its concept as a system: “If we understand astrology not only as a science of the movement of celestial bodies and their significance in human life, but a little more broadly, we will see that the elements of this system are much older and widespread throughout the world, because they are based on human experience” (Bogun 1999: 12). In other publications or websites it is considered a science: “Astrology (from astro… and Greek logos teaching) – the science of the influence of the bodies of the Universe (planets, stars) on Earth’s life” (Kaškelis 2020). Astrology is the science and art of determining the positions and rotation cycles of celestial bodies (Katiliūtė-Jonynienė 1994: 5). However, the definitions given in the dictionaries of astronomical terms or in encyclopedic publications, such as the Universal Lithuanian Encyclopedia (hereinafter – VLEe), deny the status of astrology as a science – it is assessed as “false” (Juška 1984) or “pseudoscientific” (Straižys 2002) “theories stating that the position of the Sun, Moon and planets in the constellations of the Zodiac has an influence on the fate of people, nations, states and natural phenomena” or only as future speculations – “predictions based on statements about the influence of the Sun, Moon and planets in the zodiac constellations (horoscope) on man (groups of people, nations, states) and his life events” VLEe. The concept is narrowed and even more – astrology is equated with superstition: “Astrology has no scientific basis and can be viewed as a popular game or superstition” VLEe. The conflicting relationship between science and astrology is especially reflected in the texts of the online media. For example, the chief specialist of the Observatory of the Institute of Theoretical Physics and Astronomy, interviewed in one news portal, states that "the rules of astrology and the interpretation of horoscopes are not1 In the dictionaries of international words, the point -logija is interpreted as the second point of compound words, indicating the connection with science (e.g.: TŽZ 1985; TŽZ 2013). In the Universal Lithuanian Encyclopedia, the term astrologia is derived from astroir logos (science) VLEe. 130 Ramunė Vaskelaitė | One-word terminology of astrology in terms of origin has no scientific basis” (Marcinkevičius 2004), and the astrologer interviewed in the blog states: “Astrology is an extremely precise, mathematical, logical science. In Lithuania and some post-Soviet countries there is a myth that astrology is a place for free interpretations. Nothing like it – it is a strict and very precise system that has nothing to do with spells or guesses, it is based on astronomical-mathematical calculations.” (Novickienė 2020). From the texts in the field of astrology, the main reason for such a conflicting relationship would be revealed – astronomical discoveries that changed the geocentric world view and distant astronomy from astrology with a thousand-year tradition (Bogun 1999: 19–21)2, which gave rise to the science of astronomy3. Nevertheless, these texts reveal another possible reason: that the concept of astrology was so narrowed, could have contributed considerably to the activities of astrologers themselves, who understand the profession or vocation of the astrologer differently: "Age changed, state structures changed, people's perception, new teachings, religions and spiritual directions were formed. Astrology began to adapt to the newly forming systems and little by little to scatter the pearls of its spirituality, became more pragmatic, straightforward. As it adjusted to the groups of human beings of primitive consciousness, it deteriorated more and more. It was understood by “astrologers”, whom in ancient times a wise man would not even have allowed to cross the threshold (not to mention teaching such a man). They have primitivized the once sacred science (as astrology was called by the famous yogi Sri Yukteswar Giri) and attracted undeserved criticism of astrology itself, that astrology and divination are fruits of the same tree” (www.antropoteosofineastrologija.lt). From the statutes published on the website of the Association of Anthropotheosophical Astrology, it is clear that the aim is to restore astrology to the status of a science – the main function of this association is formulated as “to rehabilitate astrology, which has been destroyed, distorted and turned into a servant of consumers and an object of ridicule. To contribute to the restoration of the good name of astrology as a serious sacred science and honorable profession <...>” (www.antropo teo sofine astrolo gija.lt). 2 VLEe says that the distinction between “astronomia, as the science of the stars, and astrologia, as divination from the stars,” was already evident in the first centuries A.D. The beginning of the emergence of astrology itself is usually mentioned only approximately and not completely uniformly. VLEe claims that astrology originated in Mesopotamia perhaps 3rd millennium BC. 3 The origins of astronomy were associated with astrology, as is indicated in the dictionaries of astronomical terms, for example, “Astrology in ancient times helped to create astronomy” (Straižys 2002). 131Terminology | 2020 | 27 However, at least so far, astrology is not taught in Lithuanian universities, so neither textbooks for higher schools nor scientific papers – the main sources of the use of terms and the development of terminology – are compiled4. However, various astrology courses and seminars are organized (www.astrodaiva.com; www.dharma.lt; www.uranija.lt; www.vidineastrologija.lt; www.zacch.lt), astrology schools are operating (www.astrologijosmokykla.lt) and, as indicated on one website, the Astropsychology Institute (www.uranija.lt) should open its doors this year. On the Internet there are astrology websites available to all, and they not only publish texts on various astrological topics, but also narrowly or broadly explain concepts, formulate definitions, even provide glossaries. Thus, the tension in the relationship between science and astrology is not an obstacle to the terminology of this field. At least the current terminology of astrology, if the author has not overlooked something, has not been examined at all, so it could be examined in various terminological aspects – origin, structure, synonymy, polysemantic, syntactic composition. It begins with the analysis of terms by origin, for the time being selecting only a group of single-word terms. Thus, the aim of this study is to examine the group of single-word astrological terms from the point of view of origin. Analysis by origin, as most terminology works show, can provide a terminology cross-section of varying detail, depending on the main objective of the work. In some works, applying the established terminology division of terms into non-Lithuanian origin, Lithuanian origin and hybrids, the relationship between the layers of borrowed and Lithuanian origin terminology is revealed (e.g.: Kazlauskaitė 2000; Zemlevičiūtė 2004; Rimkutė 2007; Šilobritaitė 2008; Šilobritaitė 2011), while in other works, examining terms of non-Lithuanian origin in more detail, the cross-section of the borrowed terminology layer is also revealed (e.g.: Drotvinas 2005; Kaulakienė 2007; Katelytė 2009; Zemlevičiūtė 2009; Zemlevičiūtė 2010; Zemlevičiūtė 2011; Zemlevičiūtė 2018a; Zemlevičiūtė 2018b; Rimkutė 2012; Mitkevičienė 2014). It is true that the model of detailed analysis may vary: in some works, terms of non-Lithuanian origin are divided into international terms, foreign terms and real borrowings (e.g.: Rimkutė 2012), but often, without applying such a division, the aim is to identify non-Lithuanian terms.4 When this article was already prepared, Loreta Stonkutė’s Astrology textbook (Kaunas, Mijalba, 2020, 420 p.) was published. By the way, it is presented as “the first comprehensive and professionally prepared astrology textbook in Lithuanian” (https://www.patogupirkti.lt/knyga/astrologijos-vadovelis.html). 132 Ramunė Vaskelaitė | One-word terminology of astrology from the point of view of the origin of the (borrowed) origin language of the terms (e.g.: Katelytė 2009; Zemlevičiūtė 2009; Zemlevičiūtė 2010; Zemlevičiūtė 2011; Zemlevičiūtė 2018a; Zemlevičiūtė 2018b). The author of this article considers that a more detailed breakdown of the borrowed terminology layer is an important factor that allows to reveal both the direction of borrowing and the terminology specificity of the field, therefore it will be applied in this work, i.e. terms of non-Lithuanian origin will be assessed according to the language of origin. Therefore, in order to achieve the already mentioned goal – to examine the group of single-word astrological terms from the point of view of origin – the work poses two tasks: to identify borrowed and Lithuanian-origin terms. In terminology works, terms of non-Lithuanian origin are named in different ways, often without avoiding synonyms, e.g.: terms of non-Lithuanian origin (Šilobritaitė 2011), borrowed santykį; nustatyti skolintų terminų kilmės kalbą. Santykio procentinė išraiška nebus pateikiama, ir iš darbo turėtų paaiškėti, kodėl. (Zemlevičiūtė 2011), non-Lithuanian terms and terms of non-Lithuanian origin (Rimkutė 2005), terms of non-Lithuanian origin and borrowed terms (Rimkutė 2007), foreign-origin terms, borrowed terms and borrowed (Vladarskienė 2017), borrowed and borrowed terms (Zemlevičiūtė 2009), foreign-language terms, foreign-origin terms, borrowed terms and borrowed (Zemlevičiūtė 2018b). They will not be avoided in this work either, so a term of non-Lithuanian origin will be called both a borrowed term and even shorter – a borrowed term. The term borrowed term, loan would make the use of hybrid terms somewhat difficult, because, as can be seen from the terminology works already mentioned, hybrid terms tend to be distinguished from borrowed terms, as well as from words of Lithuanian origin, thus leaving their status in terms of terminology borrowing rather unclear. However, it should be said in advance that in the sources selected for the analysis, there are only a few hybrids, which does not make it necessary to discuss them in more detail (especially to devote a separate chapter to this), nor to avoid the term debt. Several hybrids found in the investigated sources will be mentioned when discussing terms of non-Lithuanian or Lithuanian origin, naming the status of the hybrid5. Limiting ourselves to a group of single-word terms is encouraged by the characteristics of the chosen field. Astrology as a field of use of terms has not been studied, so researchers of other fields of terminology or readers interested in terminology probably know little about its terminology. Limitation to only one 5 Without examining the concept of hybrid more broadly, it is still believed that, as in the article of Rasuolė Vladarskienė (2017), the idea of the possibility of differentiation of hybrids can be raised. In that article, hybrids with a root of foreign origin are conditionally included in the borrowed terms. 133Terminologija | 2020 | 27 group of terms provides an opportunity to discuss terms more broadly and thus present them to readers. However, another characteristic of the field under consideration encourages us to discuss the terms in more detail: Lithuanian astrology dictionaries are not tautinių žodžių žodynus astrologijos terminai įtraukiami vos keli, todėl, priskiriant vieną ar kitą terminą astrologijos terminijai, tokį sprendimą compiled, it is sufficient to justify them. The way to do this is to reveal the meaning of the term, using the definitions and interpretations provided in the sources of usage of the term, and/or showing the context of the term’s use. Thus, and for this reason, the terms examined from the point of view of origin will be discussed somewhat more in detail than is usual for the origin studies of terms. Since astrological terminology is not developed in written form in scientific works or textbooks, but perhaps most of all – on websites, the focus is on this source. Twelve websites were selected. Some of them cover only astrology (astrodaiva.com; astrologe.weebly.com; astrologijosmokykla.lt; vidineastrologija.lt; zodiakas.com), others – and some other areas, usually described as areas of spiritual development or self-knowledge (ananta.lt; antropoteosofineastrologija.lt; dharma.lt; sadhanacentras.lt; uranija.lt; wolmer.lt; zachh.lt). From the latter sites, only texts in the field of astrology are selected. For the sake of brevity, websites will be referred to as websites in the text and marked with the abbreviations specific to the Terminology Publication. The explanation of shorthands can be found in the list of sources. When choosing websites, I focused on those that develop Western astrology terminology and not only offer services or publish horoscopes, but also provide texts on various astrology topics, explain concepts, use terms. Two of the selected websites also provide glossaries of terms: Astrology Terms (zodiakas.com) (hereinafter – AS) and Astrology Terms Dictionary (ananta.lt) (hereinafter – ATZ)6. Material published on websites before 20 October 2020 is taken for analysis. The language of the texts is not edited, obvious proofreading errors are only corrected. The analysis begins with the examination of monosyllabic terms of non-Lithuanian origin, or borrowings. After analysing them according to the language of origin in the first chapter, the second one examines the terms of Lithuanian origin, and then conclusions are drawn about the relationship of terms of Lithuanian and non-Lithuanian origin, the composition of the layer of borrowed terminology and, as far as the analysis of single-word terms allows, about the terminology of astrology. 6 As will be clear from the cited definitions, these glossaries do not meet the requirements for term dictionaries, but the article is concerned not with the principles of terminology dictionaries or glossaries, but with terminology. 134 Ramunė Vaskelaitė | One-word terminology of astrology in terms of origin 1. TERMS OF NON-LITHUANIAN ORIGIN 1.1. Debtors of Greek and Latin origin The term astrology, as its origin is explained in the latest, prepared on the basis of previous dictionaries, International Dictionary of Words (hereinafter – IDW)7, is a two-part word of Greek origin: the first part of the compound word means astrod in connection with cosmic bodies or cosmic space, stars, stellar form (Greek astron – star), and -logy – with science (Greek logos – concept, science). Of course, this term is used in all the sites selected for analysis, as is the term astrologer. The general public is probably no less familiar with another term in this field – horoscope. It is also used in all the sources selected for analysis and is also a loan from the Greek language: gr. hōroskopos – to watch the time. However, the meaning that the term may acquire due to the annual, monthly, weekly or daily horoscopes printed in newspapers and news portals, and which is, moreover, included in the Contemporary Lithuanian Language Dictionary (hereinafter referred to as DŽ7i), and the meaning indicated by the definitions provided on the websites do not coincide. For example, the word DZ7i is explained as "the position of the celestial bodies at the time of a person's birth, according to which astrologers predict what his life will be", and the aspect of fortune-telling is not mentioned in the formulation of the definitions on the websites. In one of the two dictionaries already mentioned – AS – the meaning of the term horoscope is defined as follows: “Sky map, astrological map, schematic representation of the arrangement of celestial bodies for a certain time and place.” Another website explains similarly: “A horoscope is a schematic representation of the celestial sphere at a certain time and in a certain place, drawn up according to special rules” Aw. Another website uses the term ecliptic to explain the concept: "A horoscope is a drawing of the ecliptic from a certain place at a certain time" Astr. However, the term ecliptic is used more widely on the websites – it is used on 9 of the 12 sites: Am, Antr, Astr, Dh, Ur, Vi, W, Za, Zo. This is also a term of Greek origin: gr. ekleiptikē – eclipse. It is not included in the two glossaries provided on the websites, but the websites themselves explain, for example, "The visible path of the Sun through the celestial sphere per year is called the ecliptic" Zo. However, the explanations alone cannot be relied on in this case, since they 7 The 2013 TFEU will continue to be used to determine the language of origin of a borrowed term, and will therefore not be used in every case as a source for determining the language of origin. Only those cases where other sources are used to determine the origin of words will be indicated separately. 135Terminologija | 2020 | 27 would show that the meaning of the term coincides with the meaning of the astronomical term ecliptic given in astronomical dictionaries – “the great circle of the celestial sphere, which is drawn in a year by the center of the Sun’s disc” (Straižys 2002), and would prevent the term commonly used in astrological texts from being considered an astrological term. The true status of the term will require a broader context. The term zodiac is derived from the Greek word zōdiakos, meaning "animal". It is also used on all websites, only the spelling varies: one text is written in uppercase, the other in lowercase, often both writing methods are used in the same text8. However, the websites reveal a significant difference in the meaning of the term Zodiac used in astrology and astronomy. In astronomical dictionaries, the zodiac is defined as a band of the celestial sphere consisting of the thirteen zodiacal constellations, through which the annual points of motion of the Moon, planets, and most asteroids pass (Straižys 2002), in other words, the zodiac is considered the path of real celestial bodies. In astrology, the zodiac is divided into twelve parts, not thirteen, and unlike the real constellations of the zodiac, they are equal, obtained by dividing the circle depicting the ecliptic into equal parts, each of 30 degrees. This distinction is emphasized on several websites, for example, "Astronomical constellations have no strictly defined boundaries and are widely spread in the sky, some occupying more of the celestial sphere, others less. The astrological zodiac is the division of the ecliptic (the annual visible path of the Sun) which covers 360 degrees into 12 parts of thirty degrees each. Thus, the astrological zodiac is not the real path of the celestial bodies, but, as one of the sites directly refers to it, the "symbolic, fictitious structure" of the zodiac, although some examples of the term's use do not reveal this distinction (e.g., "the rotation cycle of the zodiac is 84 years" Zo; "Mercury orbits the entire zodiac in about 88 days" Aw). One website explains the division of the zodiac by ancient observation of celestial phenomena: “Contrary to what many tend to believe, this division is not so much determined by the position of the constellations in the sky as by the Sun itself, which illuminates the Earth at different angles at different times of the year. In view of this, ancient astrologers divided the path of the Sun in the sky into 12 parts, the reference points of which became 4 pivotal events of the year related to the change in the ratio of light and darkness – the winter and summer solstices and the autumn and spring equinox.” See 8 In general, the terminology used on websites is characterized by a large variety of spelling, but variantity is a separate topic, which is not discussed in this article. Thus, and discussing the terms of all spelling variants will not be intended to mention. 136 Ramunė Vaskelaitė | One-word terminology of astrology in terms of origin The twelve parts of the symbolic structure are called Aries, Virgo, Sagittarius and other well-known names (they will be discussed in more detail when examining terms of Lithuanian origin), but already from the discussion of the term Zodiac it becomes clear that in astrology the actual constellations are not named so, but the equivalents of astronomical constellations – parts of the symbolic structure. The full names of the constellations (Aries, Virgo, Sagittarius, etc.) are not even used in astrology – their astrological equivalents are the sign of Aries, the sign of Virgo, the sign of Sagittarius, etc. In addition to the astrological and astronomical concepts of the zodiac, the meaning of the Greek term zodiac used in these two fields does not coincide. In presenting a horoscope those twelve signs of the zodiac are marked by certain symbols, but the zodiac divided into twelve equal parts and marked by the corresponding symbols is not yet a horoscope. It is only one component of the horoscope (see Figure 1), sometimes called the Zodiac circle on websites Astr. Another essential element, also mentioned on all sites, is the term planets, which is also a Greek word: (astēr) planētēs – wandering star. Planets in the horoscope are also marked with the corresponding symbols, for example, Jupiter – 2 / . The term planet, which in Lithuanian language or international dictionaries of words is interpreted only as an astronomical term (e.g., "a celestial body orbiting the Sun or another star" DŽ7i), in astrology and astronomy also denotes different concepts. In astronomy, planets are real celestial bodies – “cold cosmic bodies of large mass and dimensions. bodies orbiting a star (in the Solar System – around the Sun)” (Straižys 2002). For example, Jupiter is interpreted as "the largest planet in the Solar System, the fifth in distance from the Sun" (Straižys 2002). In astrology, as shown by the descriptions and interpretations of specific planets, planets are rather a collection of symbolic meanings. For example, Jupiter is associated with international relations, travel, education, law, legislation, success, optimism, justice, Saturn – with discipline, strategy, duty, firmness, Mercury is described as the planet responsible for intelligence, thinking, language, communicability, mobility, documents, transport, science, exchange, trade, etc. In addition, there is another difference between the astronomical and astrological concept of the planet: even after determining that the Earth revolves around the Sun, astrology continues to apply the geocentric concept of the universe, i.e. The sun is considered to rotate around 143Terminology | 2020 | 27 dība, excellence. Exaltation is considered one of the strong positions of the planet: the meaning of the planet and the sign of the Zodiac coincide, the planet can best reveal its characteristics. All websites use the term ascendant, which denotes the beginning of the ypač svarbus horoskopo taškas, taip pat yra lotyniškos kilmės. Svetainėse ascendentas paprastai apibūdinamas kaip rytinis horoskopo taškas, nuo horoscope (see Figure 1). The western point of the horoscope opposite the ascendant is less frequently mentioned – descendant Am, An, Astr, Aw, Za, Zo. On some sites, these terms are capitalized, but synonyms are hardly used. The word combinations ascending (zodiac) sign or descending (zodiac) sign are usually used only in terms of interpretation, for example, "This is the ascending sign of the zodiac above the horizon at the time of birth" An, which would indicate that this pair of terms is quite established and that it is established as borrowed terms, although they are not included in international word dictionaries. The ascendant of the term TŽZ is not present at all, and the descendant is included in two meanings – as a “descendant” and as a “good that is pushed out of the market by newer, more fashionable goods”. In fact, when discussing the concept of a horoscope, the ascendant is mentioned in the VLEe: “One of the most important points of a horoscope is the ascendant (the point of intersection of the ecliptic and the horizon line in the east at the moment when the horoscope is drawn).” Websites confirm that the ascendant in astrology is indeed one of the most important points – it is named as the third most important (after the Sun and the Moon) horoscope point, showing what first impression a person makes, how he communicates with the outside world, even what colors Astr likes. For example, a person whose ascendant is Aries, is described as a straightforward, willing personality, communicating directly, openly (may be insolent), not hiding behind the back of others Astr. A little less attention is paid to the descendant, but the term for this horoscope point is also used and included in the glossaries provided on both websites. The descendant is associated with the type of partner on websites – it is described as a horoscope point, showing what partners a person tends to attract, what partners he needs as a complement to his personality. In the texts of the sites, not only important points of the horoscope are discussed, but also its parts are allocated on one or another basis. Here, six websites mention the division of the Zodiac into quarters, each of which includes three signs of the Zodiac (it is associated with the astronomical seasons), but the word used for this division is not Lithuanian, but Latin – quadrants (Latin quadrans – quarters). 144 Ramunė Vaskelaitė | Mononymous astrological terminology in terms of origin virtis) Am, An, Astr, Ur, Za, Zo. This term is also included in the glossaries provided on both sites. On all websites used with the distribution of the horoscope on another basis sijęs terminas stichijos – graikiškos kilmės žodis: gr. stoicheion – elementas, pradas. Pagal stichijas yra skirstomas Zodiakas, Aviną, Liūtą ir Šaulį associating Taurus, Virgo and Capricorn with the element of fire, Taurus, Virgo and Capricorn – with the element of earth, Cancer, Scorpio and Pisces – with the element of water, Gemini, Libra and Aquarius – with the element of air. The predominance of an element in the birth horoscope is determined by the number of planets in the signs of the element. Such a division implies not only the use of the borrowed element, but also the use of the specific terms formed with it: air element, air element sign, etc. They are used on all websites, and these terms are also characterized by great variability, i.e. they are also written as Air element Vi, Za, Zo, and in this context the single word term Element Za is also written in capital letters. It is true that three websites, which mention the division by elements, also use the word of Latin origin – elementas – as a generic term, e.g.: “If we want clear thinking, good orientation, prudence, insight, easy communication, we should strengthen and harmonize the air element”; “A disharmony of the air element is chaos, superficiality, inability to concentrate, clear thinking, confused thoughts” Astr. Thus, when mentioning astrological terms of Latin origin, it is necessary to mention the term element, but at least the material under consideration would allow to assume that it is rarer or retreating into passive usage. In addition to this site, the term element Dh, W is used in two other sites. This classification includes a fifth element – aether, but the Greek-born loanword aether Astr, Dh, W (from Greek aithēr – sky, air) is used only in these three sites. The term for the division of a horoscope into the eastern and western and the upper and lower parts (in which part there are more planets) is not common. It is derived from the Greek word sphere: gr. sphaira – sphere. However, this term is included in the T&Cs on the website. In addition, such a division is mentioned in two sites, and therefore the term sphere Astr, Zo is used in them. The spheres of the horoscopes are called the hemispheres Astr, the equators Zo, and so on, and other terms are derived from them. It is true that these hybrids were used only on those two websites and that they are the only word-composing hybrids found in the material at issue. 145Terminology | 2020 | 27 The terminology examined so far is related to the naming of certain stationary objects – parts of the horoscope, points, angles – but the websites are not limited to the terms of such a semantic field. Planets and other celestial bodies are also moving objects in astrology, and therefore a group of terms related to their movement are used. The term cycle can be attributed to them: gr. κύκλος – circle, rotation. Although this Greek loanword is not included in the glossaries provided on the websites, it is used on all websites. Explanations suggest that this is the name given to the rotation of the planet, for example, “Every planet has its own cycle. Planetary cycles vary in duration. The Moon orbits the Earth in 28 (29) days, in the same time it turns the entire circle of the Zodiac. Thus, there are about 12 lunar cycles in a calendar year.” However, the use of the term cycle reveals that it is also used on websites to refer to certain stages of human life, for example, “One of the most important cycles occurs before the 30th year (that is, 29.5 years)” Dh. It would appear that one term is used with two meanings. It is true that the discussion of cycles on one website reveals the connections between both meanings: “Our existence on Earth is limited by time, which is defined by cycles… of years, months, weeks, days, etc. Cyclic motion is always based on the motion of a particular celestial body around a larger object with a stronger gravity than the one that moves around it. Each human being with the first breath begins his individual life cycle at a certain fixed point in space, which becomes the reference point for all objects in the heavens and to which each of them periodically returns. For example, the moon returns every month, the sun every year, Jupiter every 12 years, and so on.” You. The transit of a planet through the sign of the Zodiac is called a transit Am, An, Antr, Astr, Aw, Dh, Ur, Vi, W, Za, Zo. It is a word of Latin origin: transitus – transition. Although in the TFZ this term is associated only with the transportation of goods (“the transportation of goods and passengers without transshipment, transfer through intermediate points, especially located in other states”), the examples given show that it is also used in astrology. In addition, the meaning of the term used in this field does not correspond to the meaning given in the dictionaries of astronomical terms: "Transit of the inner planet (Venus or Mercury) through the Sun's disc" (Straižys 2002). Another word of Latin origin – ingress (from Latin ingressio – entrance, entry) is in several cases called the entrance of a planet into the sign of the Zodiac, for example: “Pluto’s entrance into Virgo” Astr; “Those who are waiting for new changes in their lives in relationships, profession, self-realization, this Uranus entrance into Taurus will be like a new breath, new winds, a new birth and will welcome this period with joy” Am. 146 Ramunė Vaskelaitė | One-word terminology of astrology in terms of origin However, the term transits, as its use shows, also refers to a method of prediction, e.g.: "Using transits, it is possible to predict daily short-term and long-term events in a person's life" An; “Transits are the only realistic forecasting method” Zo. Other methods of forecasting are also named by Latin words: progressio (growth, progress), direction (directio, direction). Both of these terms are included in the glossaries provided on the websites, and the explanation given therein reveals that these are extremely complex procedures. For example, in the AS glossary, the term progression (singular here) is explained as follows: "A symbolic way of predicting, where different time intervals are identified (usually one day = one year of life, but other intervals may be taken, e.g. a month = a year). Unlike in the directions, here all the planets move at different speeds over the year.” That such terms are intended for a more specialized audience would be indicated by the fact that the terms progression Am, Astr, Dh, Ur, Za and directions Am, Astr, Dh, Ur are mainly used in the announcement of astrology course programs. Ingress, progression and direction are included, but the first term is explained as ‘slow and long expansion of the sea into land, covering only the lowest areas of land’, the second as a mathematical term (‘a sequence of orderly varying numbers’) and the third as a general word only, referring to the governing body of an enterprise, institution or organisation, whose head is a director, and the seat of such a body. As a forecasting method, the sites also mention solar Am, An, Antr, Astr, Dh, Ur, Vi, W, Za, Zo, one site uses the form Solaras Sa. This term is not included in the FAQ, but other terms of the same root (solarium, solarization, solarimeter) are presented, the interpretation of the origin of which reveals the language of origin of this term: Latin sol – sun, solaris – sunny. However, this term is particularly characterized by ambiguity. This is not only the name of the forecasting method, but also the name of the celestial phenomenon – the return of the Sun, e.g., “Solar – the exact return of the Sun to the place where it was at birth” Astr. Solar is also called a type of horoscope or forecast, for example: "In order to accurately predict when the moment of the return of the Sun will occur, a horoscope is drawn up, which is called Solar" Sa; “If you want to order an individual forecast for the year – Solar, it is best to do it at least a month before the birthday” An. It is true that one site mentions Lunar Zo, but this term is not explained and even this site no longer uses it. 147Terminology | 2020 | 27 One method used in astrology is called synastry An, Am, Astr, Dh, Sa, W, Za, Zo. It is derived from the Greek word: gr. syn- + aster – star. However, even this term is characterized by ambiguity: it is not only a method, but also a type of horoscope, for example: "When examining, say, the potential of a relationship between a man and a woman, the personal birth horoscopes of two people are added together, and thus a common horoscope of the couple's compatibility, or synastry, is obtained" Za; “Whether people are suitable to be together is determined by Sinastria – compatibility horoscope” An. Some formulations suggest that compatibility is also called so, for example, "A conscious astrologer first examines the horoscopes of both partners separately, and only then begins to look at their synastry" Za. Probably because of this ambiguity, the type of horoscope is often referred to on the websites with other terms: synastric horoscope Vi, compatibility horoscope An, couple compatibility horoscope, couple partnership compatibility horoscope Am. Although progressions, directions, solars and synastry are mentioned as predictive methods, at least synastry is mentioned as a branch of astrology, for example, "In astrology, the relationships between people, the compatibility, are studied by a branch of astrology called synastry." There are other directions or types of astrology mentioned on the websites, but their names are usually compound terms. However, the fields that show the connection of astrology with other sciences are named by single-word terms, and they, as can be seen from the terms used on the websites, are composed words in the Greek language: astropsychology, astrophysics, astrochemistry Antr, Ur, Vi; Astrogeography Am, An. One term – astromineralogy Ur, W – is a word made up of Greek and Latin. It is true that there are hybrids with the focus on astro, for example, the section of one website that discusses the basic concepts of astrology is called Astro pagrindai Astr, the website itself – Astrodaiva Astr, but such names are not astrological terms. The term forecast used on all websites is also a word of Greek origin: gr. prognōsis – prediction. But already from the discussion of the terms naming the components of the horoscope, it became clear that the horoscope is not only for predicting: it allows to explain events, determine the peculiarities of the character, the compatibility of the couple, etc. Thus, probably because, as already pointed out at the beginning of this chapter, in interpreting the concept of a horoscope, the aspect of forecasting alone is not removed and, in addition to the term forecast, analysis (Gr. analysis – breakdown), consultation (Lat. consultatio – consultation) is also used. 148 Ramunė Vaskelaitė | One-word astrological terminology in terms of origin rhyme). And the description of the consultation on one of the websites reveals the characteristics of the horoscope (in fact, only one type of horoskopo) teikiamų galimybių įvairovė: horoskopu grindžiama konsultacija gali „atverti stipriąsias savybes, gabumus, galimybes, taip pat ir silphoroscopes – birth traits, dangers, risks, successful areas that are favorable to develop, dangerous, risky areas that are better to avoid or which should be harmonized, the direction of evolutionary development, mission, vocation (yes, this is recorded in the horoscope!), favorable and unfavorable periods. Also to discover means to help harmonize complex, painful areas of life, activate, strengthen promising, successful” Astr. It is true that from this and other websites it is possible to conclude that the terms analysis and consultation are usually only shorter variants of composite terms (astrological consultation, astropsychological analysis Astr, astrological analysis Antr, self-knowledge consultation, astromineralogical consultation Vi). Some Latin or Greek borrowings are used less frequently on websites. Only three sites use the term orbis An, Za, Zo (one of them uses orbis Am), formed from the Latin word orbis16, and two use cuspidus (from Latin cuspis, cuspidis – point, peak17) An, Zo. In the website, the term orbis is defined as “permissible error until the exact aspect – angle between the planets – is formed”, and the cusp is associated with the Lithuanian term būstas (it will be discussed later) – it is explained as the starting line of the horoscope’s habitation. On one site, the lines dividing the dwellings are called the dwelling vertices Aw. Only two websites mention the term zone (Greek: zônē – band) Ur, Zo, which is another basis for the division of the horoscope, but one of them discusses such a division separately. Am, Astr – an ancient set of seven planets used in Babylonian astrology before another planet was discovered. In two sites, in addition to the Lithuanian term solstice, the borrowed word solstice Antr, Astr, which is a word of Latin origin (Latin solstitium), is used. One site mentions the planet peregrinus Zo (Latin peregrinus) – this term is used to designate the fifth position of the planets. It is true that when it is mentioned, it is indicated that in general 16 See http://www.thesaurus.flf.vu.lt. 17 See http://www.thesaurus.flf.vu.lt. 18 See http://www.thesaurus.flf.vu.lt. 149Terminology | 2020 | 27 This classification has been given more attention in traditional astrology and less in modern astrology. The term significant (from Latin significatio < signum – the reason for its widespread use is not the use of synonyms. Only instead of cuspid on one site the composite term the peak of ženklas). Remiantis šiam tyrimui pasirinkta imtimi, tokius terminus būtų galima vertinti kaip mažiau paplitusius, tačiau matyti, kad mažesnio jų the dwelling is used, the loan word solstice is used together with the term of Lithuanian origin solstice. A possible reason for the less frequent use may be the explanation given for the use of the term peregrinus: not all aspects of a classification or horoscope may be equally important in modern astrology. On the other hand, the terms orbis, cuspidus, zonos, peregrinas, significant are used on a website that is mainly focused on the interpretation of astrological concepts and which provides a glossary of terms AS, which would allow to assume that these terms denote more special concepts, so the terms are not common in the texts of websites oriented to a wider audience. However, most of the terms discussed are not only used in glossaries or in the explanation of concepts. All 12 sites use the terms astrology, ast rolog, horoscope, zodiac, planets, aspects, opposition, square or square, ascendant, elements, cycles, forecast, almost all or more than half – conjunction, transit (11 sites), solar (10), ecliptic, sextile, rectification (9), configuration, exaltation, synastry, trine or trine (8), cosmogram, progressions (7), descendant, quadrants, directions (6). The term stelium is used in 5 sites, but, as already pointed out, it is replaced in some sites by cluster, pool. Comets and asteroids have no English equivalents, but a detailed discussion of comets and asteroids from an astrological point of view reveals that both comets and asteroids, as well as planets, are astrological terms. The collection of terms of Latin and Greek origin is supplemented by the names of the planets Mars, Venus, Jupiter, Saturn, Mercury, Uranus, Neptune, Pluto, the names of the asteroids Chiron (9 sites), Proserpina (8), the name of the mathematically calculated horoscope point Selena (9). All these terms are used as synonyms on the sites, compounds are made only of configurations, aspects and planets: configurations of aspects, aspects between planets. However, these compounds are only given in the glossaries of terms, and from the texts it is evident that the terms configurations, aspects and planets are used. Only in the AS glossary is the term horoscope rectification used. World- 150 Ramunė Vaskelaitė | One-word terminology of astrology In terms of origin, only rectification is used, and in this dictionary the term rectification is included separately. However, the terms consultation and analysis are also used as synonyms (e.g.: “More detailed information about the conditions, nature, duration, prices, etc. of consultations can be obtained by contacting the selected astrologer individually.” “I do not provide consultations on the Internet or by phone” Vi), often used with dependent elements (e.g.: “How does astrological consultation take place?” Astr; “Astrological, astromineralogical consultations are always done verbally, in direct communication” Antr). At least the choice to treat them in unambiguous terms would not provide any basis. In terminology works, it is customary to call Latin and Greek borrowings international terms (see Zemlevičiūtė 2018a: 153–154), so the terms examined here could also be named as such. It is true that the concept of international term and international word is changing. As pointed out in the discussion of terms in information technology and computing, the draft adopted by the VLKK in 2007 also envisages considering as international words words used in several major languages (English, German, French, Russian) (Zemlevičiūtė 2018a: 154). Such a concept of international word is also taught in the Lithuanian Language Encyclopedia (LKE 2008)19, and in practice it is realized in the latest TČŽ, which is used in this work to determine the language of origin of the term. However, it has already become clear from the analysis that many astrological terms, even those based on Greek or Latin, thus corresponding to the concept of an international term, have not been included in the TFZ. Specifically, many such words are included in the FAQ (aspect, configuration, conjunction, quadrant, square, quincunx, opposition, ingress, sextile, transit, direction, exaltation, progression, descendant, sphere, cycle, zone), but they are included only as terms from other fields, common usage words and/or astronomical terms (such as the latter – ecliptic, zodiac, planet, asteroid, comet, solstice, configuration, conjunction, opposition). In particular, such terms are interpreted in astronomical dictionaries only as astronomical terms. It is true that some astrological terms are reflected in VLEe: when discussing the concept of a horoscope, the ascendant, aspect, planets, conjunction, quadrature, opposition, synastry are mentioned here. 19 These are “borrowings acceptable for the common language (not considered barbarisms), whose foreign origin is clearly confirmed by at least some of the most important international communication (or classical) languages and who have no unquestionable traces of borrowing from any neighboring language” (LKE 2008). 151Terminology | 2020 | 27 1.2. Other debts Other loans were found in the analyzed material. The term quadrature (from Italian quadratura < quadrato – square) is here interpreted as an astronomical term (the configuration of two celestial bodies (usually one of them is the Sun) when their ecliptic longitudes differ by 90°). The word square is derived from the Latin squares (quadratus), and the word quadratura, which is also interpreted as an astronomical term, is not mentioned separately. Although, as mentioned in the introduction, the selection of websites for the analysis of terms was focused on those that explain and use Western astrological terms, all selected websites also use several Hindu-related terms. This would indicate that they are considered an integral part of the terminology of Western astrology. In some websites less often, in others – quite often used Sanskrit term karma (cf. kárma – action, act). As the descriptions provided by VLEe show, it is one of the main doctrines of Eastern philosophical and religious schools: in Hinduism – “the totality of physical, mental (mental) actions of the present and past lives, determining a person’s immediate rebirth and life circumstances”, in Buddhism – “the universal law of cause and effect”. Attempts to explain the concept on the websites correspond to the following aspects of meaning raised by VLEe: "Astrology, as a belief, has its own worldview on the mysteries of birth and death, on the cosmogonal system of the universe. This worldview is based on the idea of reincarnation, and states that we live many lives, each of which carries a load of sins and good deeds, known as karma. This karma can sometimes be so severe that a newborn soul brings many diseases and misfortunes that cleanse the soul” Ur; “The law of cause and effect, or karma, is one of the cosmic laws and a sacred rule that does not change, no matter what the manipulators of human consciousness say about it.” The word reincarnation is also used in the explanation of the concept, but this term is used only to explain the concept, at least this study would not allow it to be considered as an astrological term. 10 sites use two names: Rachu (Rahu) and Ketu Am, Antr, Astr, Aw, Dh, Sa, Ur, Vi, W, Za. This is the name of two important points of the horoscope, which, as it is written, show the most effective direction of development of the person’s karmic tasks in this life. True, in the texts they are used only as synonyms for other terms pairs, for example: “Rahu, or the Rising karmic node of the Moon, generally speaking, refers to the karmic lessons of this incarnation, what we have to learn, what we have to strive for 152 Ramunė Vaskelaitė | One-word terminology of astrology from the point of view of origin to realize, it contains what psychologists and philosophers call mission, meaning of life" Astr; “The programs brought by the descending Karmic Moon node (or Ketu) should not be treated as the main ones, although often a person wants to act in this way” Sa; “The point when the Moon passes from the southern side of the sky to the northern side is called the rising node of the Moon (or the Northern, or Dragon’s Head), and vice versa – from the north to the south – the descending (or Southern, or Dragon’s Tail)” Za. Rahu and Ketu, as described in detail in the Chicago aide printed articles on astrology series (Cheremisin 2015a, b), are planets of Vedic astrology and their names are related to the Vedas, thus to the early Sanskrit period. One of these articles, by the way, states that Ketu, translated from Sanskrit, means flag (Ceremisinas 2015a)20. Another name used on most websites (11 out of 12) has a form not typical of Latin or Greek borrowings – Lilit. One of them is the form Lilith Za. One of the sites states that Lilith and her antipode Selena are known mainly in the Avestan (Persian) astrology Astr. The interpretation of the symbolism of the name of this mathematically calculated horoscope point (Lilit is associated with the greatest temptations, with areas where bad karma has been accumulated in the past life) would show a correspondance with the symbolism of the biblical character Lilith, mentioned both as a demon of the Jewish tradition and as the primordial mother of mankind, and the name of the latter character is associated with the Sumerians (Lilita 2020; Lilith 2020)21. The name is said to come from the Sumerian word lilith, which meant the spirit of the wind or female demon (Lilith 2020). Both Lilith and Selena also have a synonymous pair, consisting of names made up of words of Lithuanian origin: Black Moon and White Moon. Unadapted use of the comet name Neowise on one website, for example, "Neowise is most associated with the signs of Gemini, Cancer and Leo.20 The article states that in Vedic mythology Rahu and Ketu are two parts of the same once extremely powerful demon. This demon, having obtained the elixir of immortality by deception, and pretending to be a demigod, took his place between the demigods of the Sun and the Moon. However, the former was recognized as an enemy in time and reported to the supreme god. He threw the disc and torn Rahu's head, so that Rahu's body remained forever divided into two parts: the head continued to be called Rahu, and the body began to be called Ketu. In Vedic mythology, the fight of Rahu and Ketu with the Sun and Moon was explained by eclipses. 21 An online glossary of astrological terms, which explains many Eastern astrological terms, gives the following explanation: “Lilit is 1. Synonym of the declining Moon in classical astrology; 2. In modern astrology (especially in the so-called Avesta tradition), a hypothetical planet associated with the origin of evil” (Kaškelis 2020). 159Terminology | 2020 | 27 names, of which 11 have been identified based on this sample: Mars, Venus, Mercury, Saturn, Jupiter, Neptune, Pluto, Uranus, Selena, Chironas, Prozerpina. Dar reikėtų pridėti graikiškos kilmės Zodiako ženklo pavadinimą Skorpionas. The set of terms of Lithuanian origin, even if all cases of single-word usage occurring in the sources were registered, would be smaller: eclipses, youth, full moon, solstice, equinox, dwellings, houses, ruler, cluster, pool, connection, union, quarter, triangle, hexagon, trade, Sun, Moon, Earth, thus 20 terms and, if the names of the zodiac signs were considered as single-word terms, another 11: Aries, Taurus, Gemini, Cancer, Leo, Virgo, Libra, Sagittarius, Capricorn, Aquarius, Fish. However, it has already become clear from the analysis that it would be unreasonable to decide on the relationship between terms of Lithuanian origin and those derived from ancient languages by directly comparing these two collections. First, some of the mentioned terms of Lithuanian origin are synonyms: gyvenamieji namai and namai, sankaupa and telkinys, jungtis, susijungimas, sąjunga. Secondly, the terms cluster, pool, quarter, triangle, hexagon, deals are used either in one other text or on individual websites. Thirdly, the terms dwellings (houses) and rulers, although used as singulars, are nonetheless rather singular equivalents of the compound terms. Thus, as more frequently used monosyllabic terms of Lithuanian origin can be mentioned only eclipses, new moon, full moon, junction (joining), somewhat less frequently occurring solstice and equinox. The collection of Latin and Greek root borrowings frequently used on websites is much larger – at least 26 terms: astrology, astrologer, horoscope, cosmogram, ecliptic, zodiac, planets, aspects, trine, opposition, square, quad, sextile, elements, cycles, ascendant, descendant, exaltation, prog nose, synastry, rectification, conjunction, configuration, synastry, solar, transit. Thus, even after assessing the term spread factor, it becomes clear that in the group of single-word terms, the prevalence is not of terms of Lithuanian origin, but of so-called international terms. Such a result, by the way, would correspond to the results of some other terminology studies: after examining other fields of term use, a tendency towards international words has also been established in at least several fields (Zemlevičiūtė 2018a), the predominance of international terms in the group of single-word terms (Kazlauskaitė 2000; Zemlevičiūtė 2002). The prevalence of the borrowed terminology layer compared to the Lithuanian-origin terms when the set of borrowed terms is supplemented with borrowings from other languages 160 Ramunė Vaskelaitė | Single-word astrology terminology from the point of view of origin layer, slightly increase, but the ratio would not change fundamentally, because there are not many borrowings from other languages in the group of single-word terms: Rachu, Ketu, Lilit (Lilith), karma and a few gi, dabartinei astrologijos terminijai (o interneto svetainės atspindi būtent dabartinę astrologijos terminiją) nebūdingas ir skolinimasis ar tiesioginis isolated cases of use of unadapted terms. This is a transfer of terms from English, which is observed in many areas of current terminology use (e.g.: Kvašytė 2004; Stunžinas 2006; Stunžinas 2007; Vaičiakauskienė 2016). It is true that some Latin or Greek root borrowings may have entered through English, but the task of determining through which language an international word has entered is usually not raised in terminology works, at least it should be the object of a separate study. Although international terms emerge as the main layer of astrological terminology, it is not reflected in the dictionaries of international words. And in the latest TŽŽ are included only a few astrological terms: horoscope, zodiac, cosmogram. Other terms discussed here are included, confirming the status of most of them as international words or international terms, but they are included only as terms from other fields, astronomy, or common usage. Astronomical dictionaries, of course, provide only astronomical terms. However, the analysis shows that astrology also has its own, independent and compliant with the laws of terminology system of terms that could be reflected in dictionaries. As far as the analysis of single-word terms can be judged, the terminology is sufficiently established. There are few competing terms recorded. However, the competition or synonymy of terms should be examined separately. Many other aspects remain to be examined, for example, the aspects of terminology variantity, polysemantic, structure, syntactic composition. This article is only a first attempt to look into an unexplored field, but it shows that the terminology of astrology is worth exploring in terms of terminology, even if astrology is not recognized as a science. ŠALTINIAI INTERNETO SVETAINĖS Am – www.astrologijosmokykla.lt An – www.ananta.lt Antr – www.antropoteosofineastrologija.lt Astr – www.astrodaiva.lt Aw – https://astrologe.weebly.com Dh – www.dharma.lt Sa – www.sadhanacentras.lt Ur – www.uranija.lt Vi – www.vidineastrologija.lt W – www.wolmer.lt Za – www.zachh.lt Zo – www.zodiakas.com 161Terminologija | 2020 | 27 INTERNETO SVETAINĖSE TEIKIAMI ŽODyNĖLIAI AS – Astrologijos sąvokos: www.zodiakas.com A T Ž – Astrologijos terminų žodynėlis: www.ananta.lt LITERATŪRA Čeremisinas Artiomas 2015: Planetos vedų astrologijoje. Rahu. – Čikagos aidas. Prieiga internete: https:// aidas.us/planetos-vedu-astrologijoje-us. Čeremisinas Artiomas 2015: Planetos vedų astrologijoje. Ketu. – Čikagos aidas. Prieiga internete: https:// aidas.us/planetos-vedu-astrologijoje-us. Drotvinas Vincentas 2005: Iš karybos terminų istorijos. – Terminologija 12, 27–41. DŽ7i – Dabartinės lietuvių kalbos žodynas (internetinis), vyr. red. S. 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Zemlevičiūtė Palmira 2010: The origin and formation of monosyllabic disease names in Laurynas Ivinskis' calendars. – Terminologija 17, 101–110. Zemlevičiūtė Palmira 2011: Terms of traveler's articles about health. – Terminology 18, 98–108. Zemlevičiūtė Palmira 2018a: Influence of other languages on Lithuanian terminology in computer science. – Albina Auksoriūte, Jolanta Gaivenytė-Butler, Solvita Labanauskienė, Asta Mitkevičienė, Robertas Stunžinas, Alvydas Umbrasas, Palmira Zemlevičiūtė. Researches in Lithuanian Informatics and Computing Terminology: a monograph, 150–307. Zemlevičiūtė Palmira 2018b: Medical terminology a hundred years ago. – Terminologija 25, 147–200. ONE-WORD TERMS Of ASTROLOgY fROM THE PERSPEcTIvE Of ORIgIN Summary The article addresses the field of the terms of astrology, which has not been previously researched in Lithuania. Astrology is not taught in national universities, so there are no textbooks for higher education institutions or research studies, which are generally considered the major sources of the functioning and development of terms. Nevertheless, terms are used, and one of the principal sources of their use is astrology websites. There are such websites which focus on popular astrology, i.e. monthly, weekly or daily horoscopes are published. Others use far broader terms, discuss concepts, and even provide glossaries of terms. After selecting twelve sources of the latter type, the article investigates the oneword terms used in them. It focuses on the aspect of the origin of the term, i.e. it seeks to find out which language of origin takes the lead. Latin and Greek stand out as the major languages in the group of one-word terms: 22 one-word Greek and 30 Latin terms were found; these terms based on ancient languages constitute the fundamental layer of the one-word terms used on the websites. The terms specify the constituents of the horoscope (ascendentas, descendentas, planetos, asteroidai, aspektai, opozicija, sekstilis), the movement of planets (ciklai, tranzitas, ingresija), the techniques or directions applied in astrology (progresijos, direkcijos, sinastrija). Most of them are used in all the sources selected for the analysis; the concepts that they refer to are thoroughly explained. The attribution of Lithuanian terms to the group of one-word terms creates a certain difficulty, as the term, which tends to function as a one-word term in the texts, is sometimes also used as the head element of a composite term; therefore, the attribution of certain terms to the group of one-word terms is conditional only. However, even with this conditionality in mind, barely several one-word terms of Lithuanian origin, which are more widespread, can be singled out: užtemimai, jaunatis, pilnatis, Saulė, Mėnulis, būstai (namai). The words of Lithuanian origin also include 11 out of 12 names of the zodiac signs (Avinas, Taurus, Dvyniai, etc.), but the usage of their twoword or even three-word equivalents is also common (Avino ženklas, Jaučio ženklas, Dvynių ženklas, etc.). Certain attempts can be found to use Lithuanian equivalents of certain terms with a Latin or Greek root, but they only appear in individual texts or 163Terminologija | 2020 | 27 websites, and the usage of some of them may be determined by the text type. A more prominent competitive relationship between an ancient language root and a Lithuanian term is observed in several cases only (e.g., konjunkcija and jungtis, susijungimas). The loanwords from other languages are scarce. These are mainly proper names (Lilit, Rachu (Rahu), Ketu). Generally, there are few proper names among the terms under analysis, but the majority of them represent the names of the representatives from the Latin and Greek mythological world: Venera, Marsas, Merkurijus, Jupiteris, Plutonas and other names of planets, Chironas, Prozerpina, Selena, etc. Though this study was limited to one-word terms, their analysis alone allows us to view astrology as the field with its own peculiar terms, even though it is not recognised as a science. Whereas this article is a work of the field of linguistics, the relationship between astrology and science is not analysed in greater detail; however, the terms of astrology or the definitions provided in the dictionaries of international words alone reject it as a science. It is perhaps for this reason that most astrological terms, which appear in dictionaries, are reflected as merely the terms of astronomy or other scientific fields. Nevertheless, the analysis of one-word terms alone highlights a significant difference in meaning compared to the terms of astronomy and reveals these terms as constituting a rather consistent system, which is sufficient grounds to reflect them as the terms of astrology in dictionaries. Retrieved 2020-10-22 Ramunė Vaskelaitė Lietuvių kalbos institutas P. Vileišio g. 5, LT-10308 Vilnius, Lithuania E-mail ramune.v[email protected]