Lina Rutkienė. „Statybos terminijos dūriniai: formavimasis ir raida“: daktaro disertacija, Vilnius: Lietuvių kalbos institutas, 2021, 227 p.

282 Palmira Zemlevičiūtė | doi.org/10.35321/term27-16 Lina Rutkienė CONSTRUCTION DEADLINES: FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT: doctoral dissertation Vilnius: Lithuanian Language Institute, 2021, 227 p. PALMIRA ZEMLEVIČIŪTĖ Lietuvių kalbos institutas ORCID id: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8679-3253 On June 18, 2021, the doctoral dissertation of Linos Rutkienės was defended remotely on the “Zoom” platform. The study of historical terminology in any field of science is important and necessary. They are the basis of current terminology research. In order to clarify, understand the circumstances of the functioning of current terms in the language of science, we must know the subjects of their formation and development. Therefore, we are extremely pleased that we have received another dissertation from the field of terminology, in which the research can be called complex, since it includes not only historical, but also current construction terminology, in this case one of its subsystems – thermal stitches. It is also the first dissertation on terminology in which the term stitches are looked at from the perspective of cognitive linguistics. The dissertation “Introduction” begins by revealing the relevance of the topic and the reasons and problems that led to its choice. Although in Lithuanian linguistics and terminology, punctuation has been extensively studied, however, “the subsystem of punctuation in scientific construction terminology has not been examined separately” (p. 12), except for the 283Terminology | 2021 | 28 single construction terms relevant to use stitches. The prevailing constructive, morphological and normative approach to stitches would be expanded by their examination from the perspective of cognitive linguistics, expanding the concept of stitch itself and supplementing stitch research. Hybrid nouns with classical prepositional roots, which often outperform self-pronoun terms, require more attention at present. It is also problematic to avoid the ambiguity of already functioning words. In the diskutuotinas tarptautinių dūrinių sandų vertinimo ir įvardijimo klausimas. Teigiama, kad „dūryba leidžia sukurti naujų, motyvuotų terminų“ (p. 13) construction terminology, the punching is “a productive way of creating new terms” (p. 13). “By being shorter and more comfortable than ambiguous terms” (p. 13), the architectural expressions express a postmodernistic worldview, which places the principles of convenience and economy at the forefront. The aim of the thesis is to “determine the direction of development, laws and trends of this subsystem by conducting a study of the construction thermics of the 20th-21st centuries”. 1) after discussing the theoretical issues of stitches, to evaluate the ratio of true and false stitches and its changes in construction terminology; 2) to examine the production of self-made and hybrid construction thermal stitches, to determine the differences in the production of self-made and hybrid stitches; 3) applying the theory of propositional models of cognitive linguistics, to establish cognitive propositional models based on basic concepts of human consciousness, according to which the semantics of construction terminology punches is formed; 4) to divide the construction terminology stitches into thematic groups, revealing a certain fragment of the whole picture of construction science; 5) to determine the syntactic-semantic relationships of the constructional terminology punch lines (p. 14). The object of this dissertation is the 20th–21st century pronouns and hybrid nouns, which are related to construction terms. Construction terminology punches are collected from 290 sources, which are very diverse in terms of genre. These are educational booklets, dictionaries, reference books, textbooks, thesis statements, lecture material, monographs, textbooks, scientific journals, collections of scientific articles, methodological material, newspapers, doctoral dissertations and conference materials. From these sources, 6 181 construction term stitch was selected manually and added to the Microsoft Access database. Referring to the novelty of the work and its practical and theoretical value, the author states that “this dissertation is the first work in which the subsystem of construction thermal stitches is examined in detail, in various aspects, 284 Palmira Zemlevičiūtė | reveals its development and current situation. It should complement Lithuanian terminology research and be useful for the creation of new construction terms. The work could also be useful for construction specialists, preparing standards and dictionaries, scholars writing terminology works. The new construction terminology stitches collected for the dissertation could be added to the term bank of the Republic of Lithuania” (p. 17). At the end of the “introduction”, after formulating the defensive statements, briefly describing the structure of the work and indicating its approval, the author proceeds to the analysis of linguistic construction terms punches, for which six chapters are dedicated. By discussing the construction terms stitches in a structural and semantic way, the author shows a detailed picture of their formation and development from the pre-school period (until 1918) to the present day (2019), “not only revealing the specificity of the construction field, showing the intensive development of construction science, but also at least partially allowing to judge about the tendencies of the Lithuanian language to stitch, the Lithuanian language’s relations with foreign languages, their influence on the Lithuanian language terminology and, in general, about mental thinking models that become the basis for the nomination of concepts” (p. 204). In the first chapter, “General theoretical aspects of punctuation”, the concept of punctuation and its characteristics (ortographical, phonological, syntactic and semantic) are examined from three perspectives: word formation (together with morphology), cognitive linguistics (theory of cognitive propositional models) and syntax. Based on the insights of Lithuanian and foreign researchers about the structures with classical sietic stems that came from Latin, the problem of true and false punctuations is raised and examined, and the positions occupied by punctuations in the terminology of various languages and various scientific fields are investigated. In the second chapter “Concept and sources of construction terminology stitches” after indicating what is considered as a construction term stitch in the dissertation, their sources are discussed. In the author’s opinion, “construction stitches do not have specific, distinctive characteristics of origin, they arise in the same way as the terms of all other fields and any kind of production” (p. 32), namely: by terminology of stitches of living and common language, i.e. by giving them a terminological meaning (semantic production, or terminology), by transterminology of stitches of other subject areas (internal borrowing, or transterminology), by making stitch novelties, when the need arises to name new concepts (production), by borrowing ready-made stitches from other languages (borrowing), by translating stitches from other languages (value, total or partial). 285Terminology | 2021 | 28 In the third chapter, “Construction terminology in the context of the development of construction science and literature”, the main construction literature is discussed, which is divided “according to the main stages of development of Lithuanian construction science, coinciding with the development stages of construction terminology, as well as the subsystem of stitches” (p. 37). This reveals, “how, in the development of construction science, under the influence of historical circumstances, from spontaneous, sporadic construction terminology punches the path towards the formation of a subsystem of this term layer” (p. 37). Terminology of the scientific construction is linked to the terminology of the people and the ancient writings. During the turbulent and difficult period from the beginning of the 19th century until 1918, Lithuanian educational books also used construction terms. They can still be found in books for construction that appeared after the lifting of the press ban and in other works of lexicography not specifically for construction, for example, in the Dictionary of Foreign and Ununderstandable Words (1907) compiled by J. Šlapelis. 1918–1940 – a new stage in the development of construction thermology, and 1918 marks not only the beginning of the scientific system of construction thermology, but also the real beginning of the subsystem of stitches. After the restoration of Lithuanian independence, construction and publishing activities intensified. In the interwar period, a number of construction textbooks, educational books, scientific articles on construction, reviews of construction scientific publications were published, which also discuss the issues of terminology used in construction publications. Construction terms have been created for a long time not by terminology professionals, but by construction specialists. Civil engineers who studied and/or worked abroad, who worked in Lithuania, carried out significant scientific research, wrote articles and books, taught young people, played a major role in the formation of construction terminology and all this professional language. These are such exceptional personalities as Kazimieras Vasiliauskas, Jonas Šimoliūnas, Pranas Morkūnas, Anatolijus Rozenbliumas, Pranas Jodelė. Their publications were mostly translations (translated from German). Thus, the German language, characterized by the abundance of stitches, was important for the creation of new stitches in the first period of Lithuanian independence. 1940–1990 – the construction phase, which began after the Soviet occupation of Lithuania. During the Soviet era, many educational materials were published – textbooks, textbooks, lecture notes, and the first monolingual dictionaries of construction terms appeared. A large part of the speech tools were either translated from Russian, or the authors used Russian literature in this field when writing. The intensive publication of construction books is considered a positive phenomenon of this stage, but the construction terms are assessed ambiguously. Vienna 286 Palmira Zemlevičiūtė | on the one hand, it is noted that in the literature of the construction field there is little use of borrowings, the search for equivalents in Lithuanian language, but on the other hand, the word formation system of Russian language begins to strongly affect the formation of Lithuanian language terms – there is an increase in the number of punches made on the example of Russian language, Russian verbs, etc. It is noted that, after the late restoration of Lithuanian Independence, during the positive changes in the construction sector, intensively prepared and published multi-genre construction literature, new construction terms are created. The terminological activities of the Terminology Centre of the Lithuanian Language Institute, the State Lithuanian Language Commission, the Lithuanian Standardization Department are important for the regularity and systematicity of the latter. It is particularly welcome that the author of the dissertation boldly addresses one of the evils in the sky of Lithuanian science, which is holding back the creation and development of Lithuanian construction terminology (and, of course, not only it! – aut. past.) – “the higher evaluation of scientific articles written in English and published in English-language journals” (p. 48). In the fourth chapter “Building terminology stitching” construction terms stitching are analyzed from the point of view of crafting. After discussing the concept of self-aligning and hybrid stitches and the problematic aspects, it is written separately about the production of self-aligning (true and false) and hybrid (true and false) construction terminology stitches. All these stitches are analyzed chronologically – from 1918 in science popularization literature to stitches used in 2019, i.e. the production of stitches is discussed according to the stages of development of construction terminology. Thus, the types of construction stitching and the characteristic features and development trends of four periods – (1) until 1918, (2) 1918–1940, (3) 1940–1990 and (4) 1990–2019 – are sequentially examined. Attention is drawn to the question of stem, genus and end and connective vowel selection of native punishments, as well as the origin of hybrid punishments borrowed sandes. In the fifth chapter “Syntactic-semantic relationships of construction terminology punctuation” construction terms punctuation are examined from a syntactic-semantic point of view. At first, the attitude of Lithuanian and foreign linguists to the punch as a syntactic-semantic structure is presented, then the classification of construction terms punch according to the syntactic-semantic relations of the constituent words is presented. There are two kinds of bindings: covalent and non-covalent. Since the dependent compound of the first stitches defines the main one, they are divided into six groups – attributive, objective, circumstantial, complete, comparative, 287Terminology | 2021 | 28 subjective stitches. In these groups, the punches are discussed depending on what subject is indicated by the dependent sandu. There is no detailed relationship between the second and third stitches, as both stitches are equal. In the sixth chapter “The cognitive perspective of the thematic group of construction terminology punching”, based on the propositional structures forming the basis of punching semantics and lexical-semantic features, construction terms punching are divided into thematic groups. When speaking about stitches, one of the most important mų statybos pavadinimų sistema ir kognityviniai modeliai, pagal kuriuos šios sistemos vienetai susiformuoja“ (p. 126). terms of cognitive linguistics – the concept (the minimum unit of human experience) – becomes relevant. From a cognitive point of view, the stitch shows “the connection of basic concepts common to people, regardless of their language, which form the propositional structure” (p. 202). In addition, the concepts are connected by predicates, e.g. : TO BE, TO BE WITH, TO BE USED, TO BE PART OF, TO BE MADE OF, TO BE WITH. These structures are known as propositional structures or propositional propositions. The researched construction terms are assigned to four conceptual areas (PEOPLE, NATURE, ABSTRACT FEATURES, ARTEFACTS), the prevailing concepts are identified. The construction terms that are the names of these conceptual areas are further divided into thematic groups, and within these the cognitive propositional models that form the semantic basis of the names assigned to them are discussed. At the end of the dissertation are presented detailed research findings, 290 positions of sources and 165 positions of multilingual literature lists. It is important to note that in the dissertation the author does not shy away from discussing various problematic cases of construction thermography punches, considering and raising hypotheses. It is obvious that she is well prepared theoretically to do scientific work. Linos Rutkienės doctoral dissertation Structural terminology punches: formation and development is strong not only in analytical, but also in scientific style, regular, clear, fluent language, consistent presentation of ideas. It is a ripe grain for Lithuanian terminology research. Retrieved 2021-10-01 Palmira Zemlevičiūtė Lietuvių kalbos institutas P. Vileišio g. 5, LT-10308 Vilnius, Lithuania Email: [email protected]