5-oji tarptautinė mokslinė konferencija „Moksliniai, administraciniai ir edukaciniai terminologijos lygmenys“

Ramunė Vaskelaitė 210 5th International Scientific Conference “Scientific, administraciniai ir edukaciniai terminologijos lygmenys“ doi.org/10.35321/term30-10 5th International Scientific Conference “Scientific, Administrative and Educational Terminology Components” 5th International Scientific Conference “Scientific, Administrative and Educational Dimensions of Terminology” RAMUNĖ VASKELAITĖ Lietuvių kalbos institutas ORCID id: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6063-9699 The Terminology Centre of the Lithuanian Language Institute has been organizing international conferences for a long time. Initially, they were prepared on various topics and only over time acquired one common name. The first event under this name was held in 2015, and this year’s conference is already considered the 5th international scientific conference “Scientific, administrative and educational aspects of terminology”. It was held on October 19-20 in Vilnius, at the Lithuanian Language Institute, but the presentations were also read or listened to remotely – by computer connected from different countries. During the two days of the conference, several dozen papers were read. This year there were almost 40 of them, and the speakers – even more, because some of the presentations are joint, prepared by several scientists. The countries they represented showed that the geographical coverage of the conference is expanding – in addition to the actively participating researchers from Hungary, Georgia, Latvia, Poland, Spain and other countries, this year the presentations were also read by terminologists from Canada, Brazil, Colombia. The report of the Canadian rapporteur, Marie-Claude L’Homme, has set the tone for discussions focused on the scientific dimension of terminology. This guest speaker, who is conducting research at the University of Montreal, drew attention to the phenomenon of polysemy, or polysemy, which is very relevant in terminology and, as it can be seen from the presentation, is becoming increasingly relevant – the same word is used to name things that are related to each other, but the word has a different meaning depending on the context or situation, such as the adjective green. 211Terminology | 2023 | 30 green), which not only in English is both an adjective denoting color and a word with a certain ecological mark. The examples given by the rapporteur showed that in English this problem is compounded by the formal overlapping of parts of speech that is characteristic of that language. For example, the action of planting (e.g., plants) and replanting (e.g., forests) could represent the possibility of solving the problem of gali būti tiek daiktavardis, tiek ir veiksmažodis. Pasvarsčiusi aktualėjanplant polysemy. M.-C. L’Homme suggested turning to the theory of semantic roles proposed by Charles Fillmore, the creator of the theory of semantic roles, and presented the methodology developed during the FrameNet project. The problem of polysemy was also touched on in the presentation by Eugenia Mincu and Dorina Macovei, representatives of the State University of Moldova. Neither of these conferences can do without a tribute to the other two phenomena inherent in the functioning of terms – variantity and synonymy. As is known, in the Lithuanian terminology tradition they are distinguished from each other, while in foreign terminology, often based on textbook material, these phenomena are usually examined without emphasizing the difference or applying other classification criteria. Therefore, without emphasizing the difference between synonyms and variants, but also including the conceptual inconsistencies, the problem of variantity was discussed at this conference by the guest speaker Pilar León Araúz, who came from Spain. Based on two terminological sources, this researcher from the University of Granada highlighted the fact that multilingual databases are increasingly revealing the diversity of terms, as well as the fact that reality is conceptualized differently in different languages and cultures, although for a long time terminology has prevailed the view that concepts do not depend on language differences. Interlingual differences, both in terms and concepts, were also revealed in the presentation prepared by Beatriz Curti-Contessota and Talita Serpa, who are attending the conference for the first time from Brazil. Beatrice Curti-Contessota, who presented it, also drew attention to the differences in terms that arise in one language when examining the terms governing marriage relations. This time the phenomenon of synonymy was examined by Asta Mitkevičienė and Sigita Rackevičienė. Both lectures were read in English and looked at this phenomenon from different points of view. A. centro mokslininkė, besirūpinanti teoriniais terminų sinonimijos klausimais, pasiremdama Sabelos Fernández-Silvos tyrimais ir dviejų lietuvišMitkevičienė, according to the Lithuanian Language Institute's Terminology dictionaries of common terms, raised the semantic differences of synonyms Ramunė Vaskelaitė 212 5th International Scientific Conference “Scientific, (en) administraciniai ir edukaciniai terminologijos lygmenys“ semantic distance. Focusing on composite synonymous terms (e.g. emotional stability and emotional permanence; depersonalized data and anonymized data), she proposed to distinguish the synonymy of maximum, minimum and average semantic difference based on the lexical differences of the components of the term. Thus, the relation of lexical characteristics and synonymy of the term is examined. Sigita Rackevičienė, a researcher at Mykolas Romeris University, who studies cybersecurity terms, together with Liudmila Mockiene and Andrius Utka, presented the results of a survey based on the synonymy of terms in this field. In the course of the survey, groups of users of different terms were asked which of the synonymous terms they would prefer. After interviewing 588 respondents representing different groups, the study based on the names of 10 concepts revealed uneven tendencies. Most respondents would prefer to call well-known concepts by terms of English origin (e.g. spam, hacker or phishing), but to name a term from the English language for others, for example, students would adopt, and graduate respondents would prefer a compound term replacing a foreign word. It was concluded that for all groups of respondents the most relevant is the clarity and accuracy of the term and not necessarily its brevity. The English language, which produces a particularly large number of metaphorical terms, and the multilingual context make not only synonymy or variantity, but also metaphorization or metaphorical terms, prominent terminological topics. Based on the fact that such terms occur in all languages, or by using the concept of conceptual metaphors, terminology often tends to make a shift of approach on this issue. Réka Sólyom, who tried to distinguish conceptual metaphors in Hungarian law at the conference, drew attention to the principle of unambiguity of the term, which is usually emphasized in traditional terminology, and she herself was inclined to support the papers that state that conceptual metaphors help to understand technical language. However, Kätlin Järve from Brussels, who studied how pure metaphors are presented in European Union (EU) legislation and in the IATE terminology database used by its translators, confirmed her own hypothesis on the basis of terms translated into Italian and Estonian that metaphors tend to be lost when texts are translated, so that at least the terminology of legislation presented in these languages is not as metaphorical as in English. Metaphors that are understood in many countries or cultures (e.g. the Trojan horse), as she pointed out, are not intended to be replaced by non-metaphorical statements in translated texts. 213Terminology | 2023 | 30 Orsolya Hedvig Kardos, who represented the Council of the European Union, also highlighted the direct efforts made to ensure that differences between countries and cultures are taken into account when translating EU legislation. As indicated, the distinction is made between concepts specific to EU law, universal and specific to each country. By the way, the issues of translation or proper representation of equivalents are popular at these conferences, i.e., they are constantly relevant. This year, they have also been discussed by other speakers. Maria Crina Herteg from Romania, based on a database of translated texts, identified factors that could ensure that translators, who often have less knowledge of terminology than specialists in the field, can communicate it properly. And Maria-Cornelia Wermuth from Belgium, based on the ontology-based medical nomenclature system SNOMED CT (Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine – Clinical Terminology), which claims to be global, revealed which principles are guided by the translation of ontologies in the field of medicine and what difficulties are encountered. As it turned out, they are translated according to various guidelines, terminology principles and ISO standards. However, Barbara Heinisch from Austria, who suggested that term databases should be more user-oriented and not just focused on terminologists, noted that it is not enough to just follow the principles of terminology or ISO standards. Another speaker, Gunnhildur Stefánsdóttir from Iceland, compared two term databases being developed in her country, which is famous for preserving its language, one of which is the Icelandic Term Bank, developed by the Árni Magnússon Institute, named after the Icelandic philologist and historian, which arose from the efforts of the public and official institutions to preserve the Icelandic language and is inseparable from the tradition of terminological work, and the other is the term database of the Terminology Centre of the Icelandic Ministry of Foreign Affairs, which arose from the need to translate EU legislation into Icelandic. Alvydas Umbrasas, researcher at the Lithuanian Language Institute and head of the Department of Foreign Words Replacement with Lithuanian equivalents of the State Lithuanian Language Commission, presented the Lithuanian term base – the term bank of the Republic of Lithuania, drawing attention to the fact that the law on the establishment of this bank was adopted just before Lithuania joined the EU. Maria Onyshchuk from war-torn Ukraine analyzed textbooks, i.e. how textbooks allow for the analysis of military medical terms, and the Hungarian representatives, based on the textbook, analyzed terms related to the phenomenon that took place on the eve of the war – the pandemic – in Russian and German. Marek Łukasika from Poland drew attention to a newer technology than term bases or textbooks, which has just been implemented – ChatGPT, with an expressively read message. Each conference reveals that countries are actively looking for ways to administraciniai ir edukaciniai terminologijos lygmenys“ improve traditional, reliable tools for terminology data and terminological work – term dictionaries. This year, these efforts were highlighted by reports by Georgian researchers. In one of them an illustrated dictionary of aviation terms was presented (Marine Osadze, Natela Muzashvili, Robert Khachidze, Vazha Kelikhashvili), in the other, in examining specific Georgian ecclesiastical terms that have experienced various influences (Byzantine Empire, Russia), the preparation of a dictionary of ecclesiastical terms was mentioned (Lia Karosanidze, Linda Giorgadze). There was also another presentation by Georgian terminologists – it discussed that it is impossible to prepare a proper dictionary of technical terms without first solving the accumulated terminology problems (Manana Erkomaishvili, Nino Dateshidze). And the speaker representing Lithuania, Dalia Gedzevičienė (Institute of Law of the Lithuanian Center of Social Sciences) turned to the International Dictionary of Words – she considered whether it can be considered a source of legal terminology. The Latvian speakers were directly oriented to their country’s timetable. The joint presentation by Dace Šostake, Juris Borzovs and Jānis Zuteris revealed how to facilitate the work of the Latvian terminology commission, which deals with Latvian equivalents of non-Latvian terms, but faces the collapse of non-Latvian terms due to ISO standards and other sources. The joint report of French and Polish university representatives (François Berkmans, Maxence Bigerelle, Michal Wieczorowski), based on the specific field of terminology – film surface terminology and its comparison with ISO standards, stated that at least in this field the terms of that classification system are little used, they do not provide accurate information, and therefore raise the idea of the need for a new classification system. However, one of the speakers of this conference, namely Axel Emert from Germany, after discussing in detail the ISO 5127 standard governing the terms of information and documentation, considered it to have led to the harmonized terminology in this field today. The educational aspect of terminology was also discussed at this event. Ricardo Eito-Brun from Spain, who is participating in the conference for the first time, presented the terminology course that he has started to teach to students at the University of Madrid Carlos III. The Hungarian representatives (Andrea Barta, Katalin Fogarasi, Éva Katalin Varga) in their presentation explained how the terminology course taught to doctors has been supplemented – students are provided with the latest, authentic medical documentation as a primary source. The group of three speakers (Irene Arto Escuredo, Maria Bruno, Maria Carmen Staiano) spoke 215Terminology | 2023 | 30 Terminology Without Borders project was launched, apie tai, kaip terminologijai mokyti diegiamas Europos Parlamento iniand a project focused on educational aspects by speakers from Colombia revealed that students of international business are taught terminology by involving them in the creation of a dictionary (Juan Carlos Díaz Vásquez, Sergi Casals Rispau). Infoterm representatives Blanco Stella Giraldo Perez and Christian Galinskis introduced the concept of microlearning and talked about the relationship of such learning with terminology, and Igoris Kudashevas, the University of Tampere in Finland, discussed the role of the terminology tantis terminijos tvarkybos (angl. terminology management) kursą, pasakojo, kaip nustemba jo studentai, sužinoję, kad batsiuvys yra be batų, – termimanagement system in the terminology work. Thus, the conference touched on all the proposed terminology aspects, foreseen and unforeseen. And one report, read by the guest speaker from Italy, Maria Teresa Zanola, who teaches at the Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, highlighted even more than the fields and aspects, such as the economic aspect: since products need to be properly described, specified, terminology ensures product quality, and terminology ensures effective communication. But especially the cultural and historical aspects, which were highlighted by this speaker, based on the famous history of Florence: terminology and terminology reveal knowledge about language, society, its specificity, past and present traditions; analyzing terminology or terminology, it is possible to grasp the connections between the development of thought and language, the development of vocabulary. The importance of the historical aspect was also highlighted by the already mentioned report of Georgian scholars on church terms, while the history of terminology was directly analyzed in the report of Ágota Fóris. It provides an overview of the development of Hungarian terminology from its very beginnings. The organizer of this international conference, member of its scientific committee and director of the Lithuanian Language Institute Albina Auksoriūtė also turned to history – she discussed the method of term creation used by one of the most prominent Lithuanian educators of the 19th century, Jurgis Ambraziejus Pabrėža, who wrote the scientific work on botany Taislius augyminis in the Franciscan monastery of Kretinga. She revealed that in that work, first of all, the names of plants used in the people’s language were collected and presented. Only a few terms were created by means of metaphorization, many used J. A. Pabrėža’s unique method of creating terms – plants were named after pagan deities and mythological creatures (e.g., weaver, Ramunė Vaskelaitė 216 5th International Scientific Conference “Scientific, administraciniai ir edukaciniai terminologijos lygmenys“ scientific, scientific” Attention to the past was also drawn by Regina Kvašytė, representing the Šiauliai Academy of Vilnius University and the Institute of Latvian Language of the University of Latvia, who also read a presentation in the Lithuanian section of the conference. It revealed the enthusiasm with which dictionaries of various terms were prepared in Latvia in the first half of the 20th century, together with the Latvian Terminology Commission. Other presentations in the Lithuanian sections, as they could be summarized, were mainly focused on terms and their groups, thus on the scientific field of terminology. Jurgita Mikelionienė (Kaunas University of Technology) tried to include diminutives in the terminology discourse, which, as she pointed out, are often considered as a fact characteristic of fiction or spoken language, but are hardly considered as terms. The presentation of Linos Rutkienės, researcher of the Terminology Centre of the Lithuanian Language Institute, was also innovative in terms of the topic – she discussed terms derived by noun as an object of terminology, drawing attention to the different circumstances of their creation as well as to the different degree of nounness. Aušra Rimkutė-Ganusauskienė, a researcher at the same Terminology Centre, chose to discuss a relatively little studied group of terms – eponymous terms. She focused on eponymous clothing terms, such as makitošas, rišeljė, gibsonai, Jesus’ sandals, Brown’s belt, etc. Palmira Zemlevičiūtė revealed the changes that the term depression, which is already considered primarily a medical term, undergoes today, and the author of this review presented a study focused on macroeconomic terms. Guests had the opportunity to continue their acquaintance with Lithuania in the Palace of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Retrieved 2023-11-20 Ramunė Vaskelaitė Lietuvių kalbos institutas P. Vileišio g. 5, LT-10308 Vilnius, Lithuania E-mail: [email protected]