Ar terminų sinonimija yra trūkumas?

BENDRINĖ KALBA 93 (2020) http://journals.lki.lt/bendrinekalba ISSN 2351-7204 ASTA MITKEVIČIENĖ Lietuvių kalbos institutas IS THE TERMS SYNONYMY A DEFEAT? The scientist must always have the freedom to choose terms and create new things. Without this freedom, scientific progress is impossible. Kazimieras Gaivenis 1 KEY WORDS: synonymy of terms, terminology, reasoned synonymy, motivational synonyms. ANNOTATION The article examines the systematic synonymy of terms in the context of terminology management. Based on the most important Lithuanian terminology works and terminography data, the evaluation of term synonymy is discussed, its relationship with terminology management and the concept of reasoned term synonymy is rethought. It is concluded that, although for pragmatic reasons synonymy of terms should be avoided and regulated, it is not appropriate to evaluate synonymy of terms only as a shortcoming: synonymy of terms and terminology are linked by a two-way relationship, and synonymy intertwines linguistic, cognitive and communicative terms. INTRODUCTION There has been written quite a lot about the synonymy of terms in Lithuanian terminology (see Mitkevičienė 2015 for an overview and literature), but this diverse phenomenon is still far from being studied and deserves more than one monograph. This article is about the synonymous term. In the specialty language program approved by the protocol resolution of the State Lithuanian Language Commission (VLKK), the question of synonymy of terms, like supposed synonymy, is next to terminology errors, such as irregular derivatives, inrepresentable values, etc. (VLKK 2014). Tai reikšmingas dalykas, nes užkoduojamas bendras neigiamas terminų 1 Gaius Cassius Dio. Vilnius: Lithuanian Language Institute, 2014, p. 253. ASTA MITKEVIČIENĖ. Is synonymy of terms a shortcoming?| 2 doi.org/10.35321/bkalba.2020.93.01 BENDRINĖ KALBA 93 (2020) http://journals.lki.lt/bendrinekalba ISSN 2351-7204 synonyms evaluated. However, if you open the refined search of the national term bank (TB) administered by VLKK, it is clear that one of the search criteria is a synonym of the term. The aim of this article is to discuss the evaluation of the synonymy of Lithuanian terms, to establish its relationship with terminology management and to rethink the concept of justified 2 synonymy of terms. For this purpose, the main Lithuanian terminology works are reviewed, terminography data are examined. Since synonymy is analyzed in the context of terminology management, it is based not on the use of synonyms, but on their application, only systematic synonymy is examined. Applied descriptive analytical metodas. VIENAI SĄVOKAI TIK VIENAS TERMINAS: REIKALAVIMAS, PRINCIPAS AR AKSIOMA? The traditional avoidance of synonymy of terms is of a pragmatic nature – synonyms complicate communication, unnecessarily burden memory, can confuse the systemic relationships of terms. The avoidance of synonyms is also directly related to the characteristics of scientific and more broadly subjective style: accuracy and clarity. As we know, there are certain restrictions on the terms. The lack of synonyms (otherwise – one term for one concept, mononymy) in the basic works of Lithuanian 3 terminology (Keinys 1980; Gaivenis 2002; see also. Gaivenis 2014: 204– 213) is not assigned. Angelė Kaulakienė (1994, 2009) directly connects the issue of synonymy of terms with the requirement of unambiguity: one term – one concept, one concept – one term. In 1980 Stasys Keinys considered unambiguity to be one of the most important requirements for terms, 4 but interpreted it only as monosemy of terms (in one field), distinguishing it from mononymy (Keinys 1980). In a 2013 article devoted to the problem of unambiguity of terms, the author stated that this is more of a wish (Keinys 2013: 50). 2 According to K. Gaivenis (2002), terminology is understood as the systematization and standardization of terms. 3 Stasys Keinys has used the term univariateness (Keinys 2013: 47), cf. the international LST ISO 1087-1:2005 term mononymy included in the TB “the relationship between markers and concepts in one language when one concept has a single marker” (TB 2019). 4 In the 1990 translation of the International Terminology Standard, the unambiguous correspondence of the term and the concept is interpreted as follows: “In the creation of standardized terminology, it is desirable that one term means only one concept, and that the concept is expressed by only one term” (LRST 1115-90: 19). K. Gaivenis has written that some of the statements of this standard do not correspond to modern linguistic concepts (Gaivenis 2014: 215). ASTA MITKEVIČIENĖ. Is synonymy of terms a shortcoming?| 3 doi.org/10.35321/bkalba.2020.93.01 BENDRINĖ KALBA 93 (2020) http://journals.lki.lt/bendrinekalba ISSN 2351-7204 In the last century, Lithuanian terminology was influenced by Russian (Soviet) terminology due to the historical and political situation. In A. Kaulakienė’s book Terminologinis darbas (Basic principles and methods), translated from Russian, the synonymy is interpreted as a major terminological deficiency (TD 1973). The original was compiled on the basis of the work of Dmitry Lotte and the Scientific and Technical Terminology Committee of the USSR Academy of Sciences. In 1979, K. Gaivenis identified the use of one term for a concept as one of the problems of Lithuanian terminology (Gaivenis 2014: 114). However, he emphasized that those principles, including avoidance of synonymy, do not indicate what Lithuanian terminology should be, but reflect the needs and terminologijos darbo praktiką (ten pat: 113). Vadinasi, principas įvardyti sąvoką vienu tendencies of practical terminology work based on the term of the two decades of that time. K. Gaivenis in his monograph (2002) does not speak about the principles of one term for one concept. On the other hand, if we go back to the first half of the 20th century, it will be seen that Kazys Grinius, in his presentation “Apie botanikos organografijos lietuviškąją terminologiją” (on Lithuanian terminology in botany’s organography) (published by Grinius in 1914), read at the Lithuanian Science Society in 1913, stated as the first thing that can be demanded from scientific terminology: “1. That each understanding should have one name, one word, because the term of science is a true nomen proprium and must be only one” (Grinius 1914: 4). In front of his eyes, K. Grinius, of course, had the terminology of botany. Jonas Jablonskis demanded uniform terms, especially for schools (see Jablonskis 1935: 280), as well as in the scientific language and in the press (see Keinys 2012: 45). According to St. Keinis, Kazimieras Būga did not strictly impose the requirement to avoid synonymy of terms (Keinys 2012: 43). In writing about George Ellison’s 1920 dictionary of zoological systematic terms, which included synonyms, K. Būga stated that “[i]n the case of several terms given in the dictionary, the thinking reader will choose the one whose source appears to him to be more authentic” (Būga 1961: 784). The first Lithuanian terminology theoretician Stasys Šalkauskis did not write about synonyms, but his important idea is that “when words enter scientific terminology, they do not become rigid in semantic terms” (Šalkauskis 1991: 43). It can be assumed that, in his opinion, terminology is characterized by the same semantic phenomena as non-specialized lexicon. In Lithuanian terminology it has been written for several decades that avoidance of synonymy of terms is relative. According to St. Keinis, “the prohibitions of synonymy in terminology are actually rather formal declarations” (Keinys 1980: 102), in practice and even in dictionaries synonymy is very common (Keinys 2005: 254). K. Gaivenis stated ASTA MITKEVIČIENĖ. Is synonymy of terms a shortcoming?| 4 doi.org/10.35321/bkalba.2020.93.01 BENDRINĖ KALBA 93 (2020) http://journals.lki.lt/bendrinekalba ISSN 2351-7204 that “[t]uls field terminology always contains synonyms and duplicates” (Gaivenis 2002: 34). 5 According to A. Kaulakienė, “[k]ategorical prohibition of synonyms, which is not observed in practice in terminology”, has a negative side, because, firstly, theory is opposed to practice, and secondly, it is not possible to completely abandon synonyms (Kaulakienė 1994: 51; 2009: 167–168). Therefore, based on the terminology of physics and technology (which is significant), she proposes a much more flexible evaluation of synonymy, distinguishing between justified and unjustified synonymy of terms, the latter in the absence of time terminology. A. Kaulakienė clearly distinguishes only two types of justified synonymy: synonymy of Lithuanian and international terms, synonymy of compound and elliptical terms. Enciklopediniuose sąvokos „terminas“ straipsniuose nurodoma siekiamybė, kad terms should not have synonyms (LKE 2008; VLEe 2019). In Lithuanian lexicology, the lack of synonyms is mentioned as one of the characteristics of terms that distinguish them from common lexical units, albeit with limitations, cf.: “Set-up terms of a certain branch are (or at least should be) the only names of concepts” (Jakaitienė 2010: 185). Although it is stated in terminology that several decades must pass before terms become established and the requirement “one term for one concept” becomes a reality (Kaulakienė 2014: 16), however, from empirical terminology studies (see: Gaivenytė 2000; Zemlevičiūtė 2001; Stankevičienė 2012; Vladarskienė 2015; Auksoriūtė 2018 and others), as well as from terminography data, it can be seen that this applies only to individual terms or their groups, and not to the entire terminology of the field. There is a two-way relationship between synonymy of terms and terminology (see Figure 1) – synonymy is both the cause of terminology and the consequence of terminology. This supports A. Kaulakienė’s idea that “the manifestation of synonymy and variantity of terminology is an uninterrupted process” (Kaulakienė 1994: 53). 5 The term doublet K. Gaivenis probably named absolute synonyms. The concept of doublet will have entered into Lithuanian terminology from Russian terminology works, but has not been widely established. ASTA MITKEVIČIENĖ. Is synonymy of terms a shortcoming?| 5 doi.org/10.35321/bkalba.2020.93.01 BENDRINĖ KALBA 93 (2020) http://journals.lki.lt/bendrinekalba ISSN 2351-7204 1 PAV. Synonymy as a reason for the term management. In both Lithuanian and foreign literature, synonymy is traditionally considered as a feature of the initial stage of the formation of a system or subsystem of terminology. Often at that time the concepts and their scope, interrelationships, classification relationships are not quite clear. It is said that 6 for some time several synonymous terms have been used to designate the same concept. Also with the names of new, unestablished concepts. When organizing the terminology of a particular field, it is usually chosen from synonymous terms (or a new term is created), and if several terms are left for the same concept, one of them is given preference (see Sager 1990: 7 59). In Lithuanian terminology dictionaries, the main term usually has its own dictionary article, which is referred to from Umbrasas 2008). Synonyms that are inappropriate for any reason (irregular, unsystematic, incorrectly motivated, etc.) are marked as not available. nuorodinio sinonimo straipsnio (apie lietuviškų terminų žodynų rengimo reikalavimus žr. 8 The excess of synonyms in Lithuanian terminology is negatively assessed (see. Refreshment 2014: 200; Umbrasas 2008: 221). On the other hand, one can ask how many synonyms would be too many and, most importantly, what kind of synonyms. 6 In foreign terminology there are also opposite statements – synonymy of terms is considered not as a feature of the initial stage of the development of the subject area, but as a feature of its development stage (e.g., Tatarinov 2006: 175). In this case, however, the notion is referred to not on a single basis, which is more a matter of cognition than of terminology. 7 One of the terminological problems faced by translators of the European Union institutions is the excess of terms – synonymous terms (Zaikauskas 2015: 130). 8 In the opinion of Rita Miliūnaitė, it is inaccurate to talk about synonymy in this case (Miliūnaitė 2009: 186). terms managemterms ent synonymy ASTA MITKEVIČIENĖ. Ar terminų sinonimija yra trūkumas?| 6 doi.org/10.35321/bkalba.2020.93.01 BENDRINĖ KALBA 93 (2020) http://journals.lki.lt/bendrinekalba ISSN 2351-7204 Synonymy as a consequence of terminology. A classic statement, often quoted by terminologists and others, is that terms should be regulated through synonyms and variants. In order to define a term, a number of different terms are used. For example, in accordance with the principle of terminology purity, Lithuanian equivalents are sought for borrowed or more narrowly – 9 international terms, and in order to achieve language economy, shorter replacements are sought for long terms. It is not always possible to immediately find the most accurate, systematic, 10 shortest or for other reasons more suitable term. And all this leads to the synonymy of terms, which is expressed at least for a certain period of time. Of course, in a properly edited text, only one or two of the synonyms used in that field are used (excluding the permissible contextual synonyms, see Mitkevičienė 2015 for more information), and terminology is treated differently – 11 synonyms are presented in a limited amount (i.e. terminology is standardized) or a lot of them are added for the sake of informativeness. In the context of translation, synonymy as a result of terminology management is particularly relevant, because in the search for the most suitable equivalent of the original language term, various synonyms are found. When a term in the original language has synonyms, synonyms may also appear in the translation language. For example, in the European Union’s IATE term base, synonyms breakthrough innovation, radical innovation (both rated three stars as medium reliability terms) and gap innovation (marked with two stars, which means that it is not very reliable) correspond to three English synonyms: breakthrough innovation, radical innovation and discontinuous innovation. innovation (IATE 2019). From what has been said, it becomes clear that synonyms in terminology are both the object and the means of standardization. If synonyms are a means of standardization, they cannot be regarded as a lack of terminology. 9 Jau pirmoji lietuvių terminologijos komisija, kaip matyti iš jos posėdžių protokolų, normindama terms did not avoid synonyms (see Mitkevičienė 2013). 10 It is stated that it is necessary to update the existing Lithuanian equivalents of international terms, as well as to create more Lithuanian new ones (Gaivenis 2014: 239; cf. Klimavičius 1975: 117). 11 Absolute synonyms are avoided and shaken by the language (Klimavičius 1975: 92). Semantic separation of international and Lithuanian synonyms is not common (see also: 122), more often one of them is eventually pushed out of the terminology system. ASTA MITKEVIČIENĖ. Ar terminų sinonimija yra trūkumas?| 7 doi.org/10.35321/bkalba.2020.93.01 BENDRINĖ KALBA 93 (2020) http://journals.lki.lt/bendrinekalba ISSN 2351-7204 SINONIMIJA IR TERMINOLOGIJOS TERMINIJA Terminology is one of the areas for which international standards are being developed. It can be assumed that the terminology should be very well organized in the standards. Let's consider synonyms of one term standard. Standard LST ISO 1087-1:2005 Terminology work. Explanatory dictionary. Part 1. Theory and Application (identical to ISO 1087-1:2000) is 92 term articles, and 11% of terms have synonyms (synonyms are not included in individual articles). 12 Half of them are Lithuanian and international synonymous terms: polysemy (polysemy), monosemy (monosemy); abbreviation (syn. abbreviation). Several Lithuanian synonyms are close to periphrases and minimum definitions, e.g.: ekstensija (syn. scope of the concept), intensija (syn. content of the concept); macrostructure (syn. set structure), microstructure (syn. article structure). These examples reflect the typical synonymy of Lithuanian and international terms. Can such pairs of synonyms be regarded as a term management tool or a consequence? With regard to examples close to periphrases and minimum definitions, the answer in this – standard – context is probably positive. However, here we must take into account that “to a certain extent terminology exists in two variants – national and international” (Klimavičius 1975: 92). The motivational feature of several synonymous terms differs: the equonymic concept and sin. the coordination concept; hyperonymic concept and sin. a superordinate concept; hyponymous concept and sin. subordinate concept. The first members of these pairs of synonyms are named according to linguistic classification (e.g., equations, hyperonyms, hyponyms), and the second – according to logical classification (e.g., coordination, superordination, subordination). It is doubtful that such synonyms would be a direct consequence or means of standardization, because their choice is determined by the situation and the purpose. Other synonyms of the standard language are rare. The term causal relationship and the synonymous cause and effect relationship can be considered as the short and long variants, although this is not a very typical example of this type of synonymy. The terms species concept and species concept are already typical compound grammatical synonyms (adjective -ic and noun origin), and such common root synonyms are usually 13 avoided in terminology. 12 Šio žodyno terminai aprobuoti VLKK, juos galima rasti ir TB. Pats standartas nuo 2019 m. lapkričio end of 2019, as a new edition of the original (ISO 1087:2019 Terminology work and terminology science – Vocabulary) was published in September of that year; the latter is not translated into Lithuanian and probably will not be translated due to low demand. 13 Common root synonyms in foreign terminology works are often considered not synonyms but variants. This also determines the nature and results of the investigations. ASTA MITKEVIČIENĖ. Is synonymy of terms a shortcoming?| 8 doi.org/10.35321/bkalba.2020.93.01 BENDRINĖ KALBA 93 (2020) http://journals.lki.lt/bendrinekalba ISSN 2351-7204 Why the latter two were included in the standard is difficult to explain. Perhaps these terms are perceived as non-absolute synonyms? Synonyms in the standard would then be justified. Synonyms reflecting actual usage can also be found in the notes to the terms articles of this standard. For example, the term acronym is accompanied by the note “in Lithuanian terminology <...> sometimes considered the abbreviation of the term as a synonym”, and the term kinship is accompanied by the note “[s]ynonyms: the relationship between the genus and the species; kinship-species relationships’. By the way, some English and French, only English or only French terms are presented with synonyms, while their Lithuanian equivalents do not have synonyms in the standard. When terms in other languages have synonyms of different motivation, their Lithuanian equivalents may be needed in a certain context, for example, the term *pragmatinis santykis next to asociatyvusis santykis (see English pragmatic relation, associative relation, French relation associative, relation pragmatique). In addition, instead of the already discussed term hyperonymic concept, the term broader concept could be used in the context (see English equivalents broader concept, superordinate concept) and it is doubtful that such usage should be considered inaccurate or recognize the influence of English terminology. REASONABLE SYNONYMS The general requirements for the preparation of dictionaries of terms approved by the protocol resolution of the VLKK (version of 2015) state that synonymy, except for justified synonymy of Lithuanian and international terms, should be avoided (VLKK 2015). Therefore, they distinguish only one type of synonymy. In the guidelines of the Lithuanian part of the IATE term base, synonymy is discussed much more extensively, and this is also influenced by the specificity and purpose of the database. There are 6 cases when synonymy of Lithuanian 14 terms in the database is justified. Cases can be grouped into: 1) unsettled names of new concepts; 2) synonyms in different functional styles, legal terms of the business language”, atmainose (mokslo ir administracinėje); 3) sinonimai skirtingose srityse („skiriasi ES ir LR “the subject area of the use of synonyms differs slightly”). The remaining cases are of a very general nature, a variety of usage is noted (“synonyms exist in actual usage and there is no one clearly dominant or having a higher status”, “synonyms are used in different valid EU documents of approximately equal importance”). Some synonyms 14 The IATE-LT guidelines state that short versions of terms are not considered synonyms (IATE-LT 2016: 2). In TB search, synonyms and short forms of terms are also identified as elements of the term article. ASTA MITKEVIČIENĖ. Is synonymy of terms a shortcoming?| 9 doi.org/10.35321/bkalba.2020.93.01 BENDRINĖ KALBA 93 (2020) http://journals.lki.lt/bendrinekalba ISSN 2351-7204 are used in EU documents of approximately equal importance, it is encouraged to try to manage them, give them normative status (IATE-LT 2016). Table 1 presents the types of synonymous terms that in Lithuanian terminology (K. Gaivenis, St. Keinis, A. Kaulakienė, J. Klimavičius and (or) others) are traditionally justified – evaluated positively or at least neutrally, i.e. they can be considered cases of justified synonymy. The most important criterion for the opposition of synonyms, identified by the author of this article, is listed 15 below. TABLE 1. Types of justified synonyms and criteria for synonymic opposition Appropriate synonyms Criterion Long and short variants Length Names of new, unestablished concepts The emergence of concepts The names of gaps, controversial Aspect synonyms16 Signs of concepts, classification Communicative situation (language non-term, functional style, postile), science and science popularization terms variant, synonyms of usage (term and scientific term and popular term); Systematic and non-systematic (trivial) Nomenclature rules, communicative This list in the table concepts The is not exhaustive, for example, it does not include the synonymy of borrowed terms, although, as development of concepts Names situation Terms of different schools, directions, theories The characteristics of concepts; authority... can be seen from Lithuanian terminology, it is possible. Of course, the criteria specified gali būti išskiriami tik sąlygiškai, labai apibendrintai. Tačiau taip įmanoma išryškinti 15 Franco Bertaccini and co-authors distinguished between physiological and pathological synonymy when examining Italian synonyms in one field. The first is considered functional (different context of synonyms, user groups), while the second is optional and may cause confusion (English and Italian terms(!); different translations of the same term (equivalents)) (Bertaccini et al. 2010). 16 Aspectual synonyms occur when the same characteristics of the concept are not raised in different terminological systems. This statement will have entered into Lithuanian terminology from the works of D. Lotte (see Keinys 2005: 254). In Lithuanian terminology, such synonyms have not been studied in detail, the term aspect synonyms was chosen by the author of the article based on foreign terminology works. ASTA MITKEVIČIENĖ. Is synonymy of terms a shortcoming?| 16 doi.org/10.35321/bkalba.2020.93.01 BENDRINĖ KALBA 93 (2020) http://journals.lki.lt/bendrinekalba ISSN 2351-7204 TB 2019: Terms Bank of the Republic of Lithuania. Access on the Internet: http://terminai.vlkk.lt/ [accessed December 2019]. TD 1973: Terminologinis darbas (Basic and Methods), translated by A. Kaulakienė, Vilnius: 1973. Mintis, Temmerman Rita 2000: Towards New Ways of Terminology Description: the Sociocognitive Approach, Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company. Umbrasas Alvydas 2008: Updated General Requirements for the Preparation of Term Dictionary. – Terminologija 15, 216–225. Vladarskienė Rasuolė 2015: Competition between borrowed and Lithuanian economic terms. – Terminologija 22, 98–109. VLKK 2007: Resolution of the State Lithuanian Language Commission of 20 December 2007 (Recommendation R-4) “On the General Requirements for the Preparation of Term Dictionary” (version of resolution No. PN-8 of 3 December 2015). Internet access: http://www.vlkk.lt/aktualiausios-temos/terminija/term-gardens-building-general-requirements. VLKK 2014: Resolution No. PN-1 of the State Lithuanian Language Commission of 12 June 2014 “On the amendment of the Specialty Language Program”. Online access: http://www.vlkk.lt/vlkk-nutarimai/protokoliniai-nutarimai/specialybes-kalbosprograma-nauja-redakcija. VLEe 2019: Universal Lithuanian Encyclopedia (electronic version), Vilnius: Science and Encyclopedias Publishing Center. Online access: https://www.vle.lt/ [accessed 2019 m. December ]. Zaikauskas Egidijus 2015: One-stop-shop system – a means of harmonizing the terms of draft European Union legislation in Lithuanian language with the institutions of the Republic of Lithuania. – Terminologija 23, 127–148. 2001. Synonyms in the Medical Encyclopedia. – Terminologia 8, 34–39. 1983. "Lietuvių kalbos gramatika". Vilnius: Mokslas. Received 2020 02 04 Adopted on 25 April 2020 ASTA MITKEVIČIENĖ. Ar terminų sinonimija yra trūkumas?| 17 doi.org/10.35321/bkalba.2020.93.01 BENDRINĖ KALBA 93 (2020) http://journals.lki.lt/bendrinekalba ISSN 2351-7204 IS SYNONYMY OF TERMS AN IMPERFECTION? Summary The article investigates the systemic synonymy of Lithuanian terms in the context of terminology regulation. With reference to the most important works in the area of Lithuanian terminology as well as terminography data, it examines the evaluation of synonymy of terms, relation between synonymy and terminology regulation and reevaluates the concept of valid synonymy of terms. Terms without synonyms have been considered to be only an aspiration in Lithuanian terminology for almost half a century. In the classical works of Lithuanian terminology (S. Keinys (1980), K. Gaivenis (2002)) mononymy is included neither in the requirements for terms nor in the principles of normalization of terms. The article proposes that synonymy of terms and terminology regulation are linked in bidirectional mutual way: synonymous terms are both a tool for and a consequence of normalization of terms and application of principles of normalization of terms (eg. as preference for native origin terms, economy, systematicity etc.) increases synonymy of terms to a certain extent. The article comes to a conclusion that although synonymy of terms should be avoided and regulated due to pragmatic reasons, it is not accurate to regard it only as an imperfection. terminology regulation synonymy of terms ASTA MITKEVIČIENĖ. Is synonymy of terms a shortcoming?| 18 doi.org/10.35321/bkalba.2020.93.01 BENDRINĖ KALBA 93 (2020) http://journals.lki.lt/bendrinekalba ISSN 2351-7204 Synonymy of terms is not a homogenous phenomenon as the causes for the occurrence of synonymous terms, their nature, communicative situation and context differ. Linguistic, cognitive and communicative dimensions of terms are interrelated in the synonymy of terms, therefore valid synonymy should not be limited only (as is quite the expression (origin and length) common in Lithuanian terminology) to two types of synonyms whose opposition is based on or linked only to the primary stage of terminology and new concepts. The article also separately explores synonymous terms of different linguistic motivation and demonstrates that these synonyms can be both a consequence and means of regulation of terms and a result of different conceptualization and classification of concepts. Therefore it is impossible to conclude that only one synonymous term should be used. KEYWORDS: synonymy of terms, terminology regulation, valid synonymy, synonyms of different linguistic motivation. ASTA MITKEVIČIENĖ Lietuvių kalbos institutas Petro Vileišio g. 5, LT-10308 Vilnius [email protected]