О балтийских следах в топонимике русских территорий

EL BSTSU VIRAL BOTY ROS KU AU SE ME Aš TI LPreE7Tt“U V"O787 T'S RPMO'R'SL UA K A D E M I J A O BAJITUUCKUX CJIEJAX B TONOHHMHKE PYCCKHX TEPPUTOPHUH B. H. TOIIOPOB OkKojio IecTHeCATH JeT TOMY HasajA nossusace craths A. A. KouyOuHc- Koro ,,Teppuropusi poucropuueckoii JlurBki“ (JKypunaa Munucrepcrsa Hapon- Horo Ilpoceemenust, Hacts 309, 1897 rox, Ne 1, crp. 60-94), B KoTOpO# Bnep- Bble Obla Ces aHa Cepee3Has MOMbITKAa OnNpele Th OaJjTHHCKHE 3JIeMeHThl B TONOHHMHYCCKHX HA3BAHHSX HA TEPPHTOPHUSIX, JIe>xXAIIHX K BOCTOKY H IOro-BOC- TOKy OT coBpeMeHHOH JIuTBeL A. A. KouyOHHckoMy YyjtaJIOCb BCKPpbITb BecbhMA COJIH/IHbIM GaJiTHACKHH CJIOK B MeCcTHbIX Haspauusix Munckoi, Butetckoii, Mo- THJIEBCKOH H (JIHINb B BAe HCKJIoueHHH) CMOJeHCKOH ryOepHuil. YKasaHHas CTaThsl IIOJIOXKHJIA HAYaJo LEJOMY psifly NONBITOK JaJibHEHILEro BbIABJIEHHSA OaJi- THACKHX TOIOHMMOB B BOCTOYHOM HANpaBJIEHHH. Ilpexjie Bcero cJieJtyeT OTMETHTb UPE3BhIYAHHO LEHHbIE HCCJIe/(OBAHHSA JIH- ToBCcKOro Juureucra K. ByrH, mocesiiieHHble BOCTOYHO-CJABSHCKOH TONOHHMHKE Ganrtuiickoro npoucxoxzaenual. Emy yznanoce coGpats Gosiee 150 npumepoB Ta- Koro pojia, UTO HaMHOTO MpeBbIIaeT MaTepHaJibl ero npejilecTBeHHUKOB. Kpo- Me TOro, JIHHrBHCTHYECKasi HHTePNpeTallsi THX NPHUMEPOB H HX Jl0KasaTelbHasd cua Oosiee yOejiuTeJibHbi, yeM y A. A. KouybuHcKoro, xoT1 H B paborax K. ByrH Hemasio COMHHTEJBHBIX HJIH IIDOCTO oOwHOOuHBIX npuMepoB (I'pueka, Kabrka, Mereaka, Heponas, Hepartoska, [lepesom, [lepesoaoka, [lososa, Crpynuua H 1p.), NpHueM BONPOC O KPUTEPHUSX pasyinueHus ČaJITHŪCKHX TONO- HHMOB OT CTADbIX CJaBSHCKHX He BCerja 3aHHMaeT AOJIKHOe MecTo. A 3TO OCOOEHHO YJIHBHTEJIbHO, €CJH BCIIOMHHTb, UuTO MMeHHO K. Byra oueHb yjauHO ONpejJIeJIHJI OCHOBHbICE 3JIEMEHTHI CJIaBSHCKOH peuH Toro nepHojia, Korja CJIa- BAHe BOINIJIHA B KOHTaKT ¢ GaliraMH, (OHHHAMH, CO CTApbIM HaceJieHHeM BajJikaH H NpeJiaJ/IbuHĖŪCKHX TeppHTOpHA. Ba:xxHO OTMETHTb, 9TO IOHCKOBAA1 00JacTb JIH- TOBCKOrO VUeHOTO B OCHOBHOM OrpaHHUHBAJIACb TEMH *Ke TEPPUTOPHSMH, KOTO- Dble HccJiejoBaJi H A. A. Kouy6GuHCKHI, ¢ TeM OTJIHYHEM, UTO HeCKOJIbKO ČO- Jiee MoJIHO OkbIJIH HCIIOJIb30BAHbI JaHHbIE IIO TOMOHHMHKEe CMOJIeHCKOH ryGepHHH. Emme naneiie Ha BOCTOK HCKAJIH ciefoB Gaartuiickofi TONOHHMHKH A. JI. Ilo- 1 Cu. K, B ūg a, Aistiškos kilmės Gudijos vietovardžiai, ,, Tauta ir Žodis“ 1, Kaunas, 1923, crp. 20—445 ero xe, Upių vardų studijos ir aisčių bei slavény senovė, Tam xe, 1, eTp. 1—20;5 ero xe, Die Vorgeschichte der Aistischen (Baltischen) Stimme im Lichte der Ortsnamenforschung, Streitberg-Festgabe, Leipzig, 1924, crp, 22—35 (JiuToBcKHė Ba= puanT — Aisčių praeitis vietų vardų šviesoje) H Ap, 55 rOJMH, CuHTABINHĖ, UTO BOCTOYHAs TpaHHua PpachpOCTPaHeHHs OalirKŪcKOrO snementa npoxojnHJia B TamGoBckoii H IlenseHckoii ryOepHHsXx, Iie OH CMeLUH- Bajicsi ¢ (DHHHO-YrOPCKHM H, BHIHMO, Jae C MpaHCKHM sJjementamu®; A. H. CoGosieBcKHil, He MPHBEAILIHII, NpaBla, HOBOTO TONOHHMHUecKoro MaTtepHasad; M. dacmep, cobpaBiuuii HanOOJee HafeXHbIH (XOTS H HeOOJMbLIONH) MaTepHals, otHocsuuiicss K Tonouumuke Cmoaenckoii, Teepckoii, Kanyxckoii, MockoBc- Koii, Uepuurosckoii H OpJioBcKoil ryGepHuiit, 3a nocJie/IHIOI0 YETBEPTh BeKa HHTepec K TOK npoOJIeMe SIBHO CHH3HJICS;. HOBbIe PalOThl MOSIBJSIOTCS KpaiiHe pellKO HM, Kak NpaBHJO, KacaloTCsl 4acTHOC- Teil’. BuumanHe yuenbiX nepeMecTHJoch B Čo/iee 3ariajinbie OOJIacTH, IJle HILYT cJiefioB GanTHiicKOH TONOHHMHH Ha TeppHTOpHH Ilosmbmm® mim YcTaHAaB/JIHBAIOT cBsI3H GOaJITHĖŪCKOH TMIPOHHMHHU C ,,lIEHTPAJIbHO-eBPONEHCKOH ‘.? IlpH3naBas nep- BOCTENEHHOE 3HaueHnHe TOAOOHBIX HCCJEOBaHHH, BCE-TAKH HeJb3sl NpH3HATb- 2 Cum. A JI. IMoropun, Us ucropun cJiaBauckHx nepepsuxenndt, CII6, 1901, crp. 92-93. 8 Cm. A. HU. Cob6oanenckuit, D ge xuna JIursa?,—HM3sectus MmnepaTopckoii Akagemun Hayk sa 1911 roa, crp, 1051-1054. 4 Cum. M. Vas mer, Beitriige zur historischen Vélkerkunde Osteuropas, 1. — Die Ost- grenze der baltischen Stimme, SPAW, Phil.-hist. Klasse, XXIV, Berlin, 1932. 5 Cm. E. Blesse, Beitrige zur Namenforschung, 4, 1953, crp. 289-291 (0 HasBaHHsAX Dxarn u Boaororo; craTths okasajach Ham HefocTynHoi); P,Arumaa, Die ostslavische Gewissernamen mit l-epentheticum, Festschrift M.Vasmer, Wiesbaden, 1956. crp. 47-60 (3nech comepxutcs H Ganrtuifickuit martepuat). Pakte, co6pannbie B Kuure T. JIep-Cnaa- BHHCKOTO ,,0 pochodzeniu i praojczyZnie Stowian®, Poznan, 1946 (cm. § 15. D. Nazwy Batltyckie, (crp. 65-67, cm. rakxe crp. 175-177), Tpaaunuounsl. B nocMepTHO OnyGJiHKOBAH- HOM HccaenoBanun $1. PosBagoBckoro, Studia nad nazwami wéd stowianskich, Kra- kéw, 1948, Gasruiickne THAPOHHMbI, Take OOLIYHO TPajHIHOHHBIE, PacCMaTPHBAIOTC He C TOH TOYKH 3penHsi, O KOTOPOH 3jech HAET peyb. 6 Cum. B.H.Tonopos, [re 3ametku u3 obaactu Ganrtuiickoil TOnoHHMHH. — COOPHHK B uecth akan. $1. M. Ouasennna, Pura, 1959 (3nech Ke nmpHBeJeHa JHTEpaTypa Bonpoca). 7 Cum. H.K rahe, Illyrica, IV-V, IF,49, 1931, crp. 267-274 (V. Baltisch und II- lyrisch, crp. 271-274); ero xe, Baltische Ortsnamen westlich der Weichsel, Alt-Preuflen, 8, 1943, cp. 43 —44; ero xe, Beitriige zur alteuropdischen Flufinamenforschung, Wiirz- burger Jahrbuch, 1, 1946, crp. 79 —97; ero xe, Alteuropdische Flufinamen, BzNf, 1, 1949 — 1950, crp. 24 —51, 247-266; 2, 1950 — 1951, crp. 113-131, 217-237; 3, 1951-1952, crp. 1—18, 153-170, 225-243; 4, 1953, crp. 37-53, 105-122, 234 — 243; ero xe, Sprache und Vorzeit. Europdische Vorgeschichte nach dem Zeugnis der Sprache, Heidelberg, 1954. (ocoGenno 15, Das Verhiltnis des Illyrischen zum Bal- tischen und Slavischen, cp. 108 — 114); ero xe, Die Sprache der Illyrier, 1 Teil: Die Quellen, Wiesbaden, 1955; ero xe, Zu einzelnen illyrischen Eigennamen, Bz Nf, 6 1955, crp. 237 —243; 7, 1956, crp. 217 — 224; ero xe, Balto-Illyrica, Festschrift M.Vas- mer, cTp. 245 —252; ero xe, Flufl- (und Orts-) Namen auf -mana/ -mina, Bz Nf, 8, 1957, crp. 1 =27; ero xe, Bemerkungen zu alten Gewissernamen, BzNf, 8, 1957, cp. 144-148; u ap.; K.Kasparsons, Illyrica, — Filologu Biedribas Raksti, 18, 1938, erp. 52 —65;19, 1939, c1p.57 — 74; 20, 1940, c1p. 188 —204; G. Allesio, Un’ oasi lin- guistica preindoeuropea nella regione baltica. Studi Etruschi, 19, 1946, crp. 141-176; R.Schmittlein, Notes de toponymie lituanienne, AASF, 51, 1941, crp. 59 —60; ero xe, Etudes sur la nationalité des Aestii, 1, Toponymie lituanienne. 1948; ero xe, Sur quelques toponymes lituaniens, ZfNf, 14, crp. 233 — 248; 15, crp. 51 = 71, 152-179; ero xe, The confluence Balto-Romane? Mélanges de linguistique et de littérature ro- manes, 2, 1953, cp. 251 —267 x ap. 56 onpaBjiaHHbIM 3a0BeHHe Kpyra BONpocOB, nocTAB/JIeHHbIx K, Byroit u M, Gacmve- pom; Tem Čo/iee, UTO 3TH BONpOCbI JaJEKH OT MX IOJIHOTO DpelueHHA H HepejikO OCBELIAIOTCA C COBEDpINEHHO pa3JIHUHbIX TOYEK 3peHHSI. B »arol craTbe— HaCKOJIbKO MO3BOJSET ee OGbeM— XOTEJIOCb Obl YKa3aTh Ha HaHOoJIee Ba:KHbIe, NO HAIEMy MHEHHIO, IIDOO/IeMbI, KOTODBIE CTOSIT CErofHs IIe- pel HcecJIiejtoBaTeJieM OalTHACKOH TOINOHHMHH Ha TeppuTopuH Poccuu, H BbiC- Ka3aTb HEKOTOpble IpejįBapHTeJIbHbIeE COOOpa:xKEHHSA, CONpOBOJIHB HX HeCKOJIb- KHMH HOBbIMH OOb51CHEHHAMH, Ojiuoh H3 CYnIecTBEHHbIX 3aJlay SBJISeTCH YcraHOBJIeHHe rpaHHų ČalrTHic- KOR TONOHHMHKH Ha TeppHTOpHH Poccuu. HirepecHo, 4TO HMeHHO ee BOCTOU- Has TpaHHLA OCTaeTcsl HauboJiee HeonpejleJIeHHOH H DpacINnNJIbIBUaTOK, TOrJa Kak IOXKHasl TpaHHIla BecbMa 4eTKO NMpPoxojuT no IlpHnsrH (TONOHHMHMKA SATBSIKC- Koro Tuma)®, sanajiHasi Takxke He BbI3bIBAET CKOJIbKO-HHOY[b CEpbe3HBIX COM- HeHHH (B JlaHHOM CJlyyae He NPUHHUMAIOTCS BO BHHMaHHE ,„IeHTDpAJIbHO-eBpO- nenckKHe““ CBfA3M); UTO K€ KacaeTcsi CeBepHOH rpaHUlbl 0aJTHHCKOH TONOHHMH- KH, TO, NO CyTH lelia, ee oupe/ieJieHHe He COCTaBJsgeT NpoOJeMy, MOCKOJBKY, OYEBHJHO, UTO GA/NTHACKHE IVIeMEHa HHKOrJa He HaXONHWJIMCh CeBepHee Tex MECT, Iie OHH XXHBYT Tenepb. Bonpoc O BOCTOUHHIX rpaHHuax ČaJITHĖŪCKOK TO- HOHHMHKH Obl1 moctaBJeH Jub M, OacMepoM, KOTODpbIĖ H NONBITAJICS ONpeje- JUTh HX B cavoMm ofmiem Buje. OjiHako (pakTHYeCKH HET OCHOBaHHH rOBOPHTH O peasibHO¥ rpaHuie, OTJIeJISIONIeH 6aNTHICKYIO TONOHHMHKY OT OHHCKOK, HpaHC- KOR, cnaBsHCKOfi. UW gmesio 3jeck He TOJIbKO B TOM, 4TO Jake B MNpejesax pacnpocrpaHeHHs OaJITHHCKHX CJIeJIOB NMOCTOSIHHO BCTPEYaloTCs JAPEBHHE TONO- HHMBI He-Gantuiickoro Tuna. Moker ObiTh, GojJIiee CYIIECTBEHHLIM SIBJSETCS TOT (haKT, 4TO H 3a rpejie/iaMH BOCTOYHOH rpaHHilbl, HameueHHo# M, dPacmepowm, 06- HapyXKHUBaeTcsi TOMNOHHMHYECKHE Ha3BaHHA, KOTOpblE NOJABJSIOUNIUM GOOJIbINHH- CTBOM VUEHbIX, OTHOCATCA K OaJITHAŪCKHM (Cp., Hanpumep, LlHa —JeBhlii nmpuTOK Oku; Ilna—/jteBbiū nputok Mokmn® u T.71.)1, EcJiu BepHo muenue D. Biece o GanTuiickoM Npoucxox enn Haspanus Boaoroe (6anr.* bal-g-, uoxBepriueecs 3aTeM MePEeOCMbICJIEHUIO B JyXe HaPOAHOH 3TUMOJIOTHH), TO H OHO 3aCTaBJseT Hac BbIHTH 3a npefiesibl, HameueHHble M, Pacmepowm. Ho paxe ecu HCKJIOUHTb TNOAOOHBIE Ha3BAHHA H3 UHCJIAa OaJTHHCKHX (BHAHMO, HMEHHO TaKHM 00pasoM H CJIejįtyeT MOHUMAThb HrHOpHpOBAHHe HX M. ®acmepom, KOTOpBIH B APYrHX CJyyasix BCErja ernenHaJibHO OrOBapUBAET COMHHTeJIbHbIe NpHMepbI), TO BOCTOYHAs rpaHUua GaJTHHCKOHA TONOHHMHKH BCE- TaKH OCTaHETC CJMIIKOM NpHOJIH3HTeJIbHOK, B 4yaCTHOCTH, 3TO OOBLSICHSETCS 8 Cm. K.Būga, Upių vardų studijos,..; ero xe, Jotvingių Žemės upių vardų ga- lūnė-da. — „Tauta ir Žodis“, 1, crp. 100. Hekoropkle pasHOrJiacHA BHISHLIBAKOT JIHIUb He- GojJibiuofi YytuacTOK Ioro-3anajįuofi rpamuilbl, OAHAKO, KaK IIpaBHJIO, OHH OCHOBAHLI He HA Pa3HOMN HHTepriperalįHH TONOHHMHYECKHX (aKTOB, a Ha pa3HOM NOHHMAHHH HEeKOTODbIX HCTOPHYECKHX AAaHHbIX. 9 Cp. Take Ilua- npaswiii nputok TBepupki. 10 Créur yka3aTb Ha HHTepecHoe naGmiofenue A, JI, IToroauna: B Gaccefine Ilpanaru ectb pexd llna x Wauka, c apyrofi ctopousl, Ha Line, nputoke Moku, ctout ropoa Illaug (cp. ua3Banune peu Mars, War - npaBsiėū nputok Ynw), ykas. cou, crp. 92. Co cBoeil cTO- POHH, yKaxkem Ha peky Saté B Kperuurckom Hu Maxsiiksiickom paiionax JIurebl. 57 TeM, UTO HeMeLKHH YVueHbIĖ, GyjjyuH KpafiHe OCTOpOXHELIM B CBOHX HaO/IOjIeHH- SX H BhIBOJAX, yKasaJ JIHIIb HEKOTOpble HAHGOOJIee JOCTOBEpHbIE (MOXKHO Jae cKa3aTb, GeccnopHbie) OPHEHTHPhl B BHJE TONOHMMHYECKHX Ha3BaHHH H 3THM CymecTBeHHO OrpaHHUHJI CBOIO 3ajįlauy, O KOTOPOH HAM H3BeCTHO H3 Ha3BAHHs -ero paGoTki. CIHIIKOM Masog KOJHYeCTBO TONOHHMOB (23 Hajle>KkHbIX CJIYuAsI B TBepckož, MockoBckoii, Kanysxkckoii, OpJioBckoh H HepHHrosckoii ryčepHuun- sx; 19 rugpoHHMOB H3 CMOJIEHCKOH ryOepHHH NPUXOAHTCS OCTABHTb B CTOPOHE, NOCKOJIbKy OHH He SBJISIOTCS KpaKAHHMH BOCTOYHBIMM IIpHMepaMH) Ha CTOJIb OOINHDHbIX TEDDHTODHAX He NO3BOJSET ONpejieJIHTb KaKHe-JIHOO Jerald BOCTOU- HOH TpaHHIlbi GaJITHŪCKOH TONOHHMHKH, Tem He MeHee, yXe cehuac, MO-BHAHMOMY, €CTb HeKOTOpbIie OCHOBAHHA AJIT VTOUHEHHS OTHEJBHBIX YYacTKOB 3TOH TpaHHlbl WJM, IIO KpaiHed Mepe, NPOSICHAIOTCSI OTJle/IbHbIE NpPHEeMbI, KOTOpple B OJIKxxaHuIeM OyaymeM CMOIVIH Gbi IPHBECTH K YCTaHOBJEHHIO 6OJiee TOYHHLIX rpaHHų. B yacTHOCTH, CIOOpHbIĖ BONpoc O GaJITHĖŪCKHX TONOHHMHUeCKHX CJIejlaX B IOXKHOH H Jake B IOTO-BOC- TouKoh uacrax MocKOBCKO# oOJiacTH H B BOCTOYHOH yacTH TyJ/ibcKO# Mor Gbi NOJIyYUTh HeKOTOpOe HOBOe OcBemeHHe IPH yuere OeccnoOpHbIX CJIeJ[OB Gaj- THĖŪCKOH TONOHHMHKH 3a TIpejieJIOM YyKasaHHBIX paHoHOB. ITH CJIe/[bi, — Gy- ĮIEM JIH Mbl GpaTh HX BecbMa INHpOKO, IIpOHTpbiBAfI MPH TOM B CTpOrocTH, HJM, HaOOOpoT, OUueHb y3KO, HO 3aTO Ge3 pucKa OIIMOHTHCH, — C HECOMHEH- HOCTBIO, [IOKAa3biBAIOT, YTO CeBepHee IOJAJIeXKallero — HCKJIPOUeHHIO — CIIODp- HOro paifoHa rpanuua GaJITHHCKOH TONOHHMHKH HET C ceBepo-3alaja Ha IOTO- BocToK, CroJsib Ke GeccropHO, YTO K [Ory OT YKa3aHHOrO paioHa rpaHuua HET C CeBepo-BOCTOKa Ha loro-samaj. EcrtecTBeHHOe NPOJOJIKEHHE 3THX ABYX KOHTYPOB O6pa30BbIBaJIO Obl HEYTO BpOJie KJIHHA Ha BOCTOK, NpHXOASLIErocs KaK pa3 Ha CMOpHbIH B OTHONIeHHH HaJHyHsi B HeM Oa/JITHHCKHX CJefl0B PaHoH, BojJiee cJI0>xxHO ObIIO Obl JIONYCTHTH, UTO B yKasaHHbIX yacTAX MOCKOBCKOH H Tyabckoit o6aacTelf 10 TOTO AOBOJILHO NOCTOSIHHO OPHEHTHPOBaHHAs Tpanulla pe3Ko H3MeHsieT CBOE HampaBJieHHe H € ora H Cc ceBepa. Pasymeercs, uro npHBe/leHHbIe OCHOBAHHS IUATKH (MH, MEXJAYy NPOYHM, TMOTOMY, YTO BONpPOC O rpaHHnAX JOJUKeH ObiTh CBSI3aH C XPOHOJIOHYECKOH XapaKTePHCTHKOH), HO OHH B HM3BeCTHOH cTemeHd MOIJIH Obl NOJIyYuKHTb NOATBEpPXK/JeHHe B TeX MpuUMepax H3 CIOPHOrO paioHa, KOTOpble MHOTHMH MpH3HAIOTCA OGaNTHACKHMH; B MeHb- ed noc/e/loBaTe/IbHOCTH (PUHCKOH TONOHHMHKH B YKa3aHHOM MecTe IO CpaB- HEHHIO ¢ TeppuTOpHell, Jiexailell K ceBepy OT MOCKBbl, HO Ha TeX Xe JOJ- IoTax; B LIEJOM psjile TONOHHMOB, COJEpXKallHX ITHHYECKHE Ha3BaHHs (DHHCKHX ‘naeved (Moka, Mopasec H T.1.), UTO fIBJISIETCSI HEraTHBHBIM apryMEHTOM B 10JIb3y TpaHHIHlbI JAHHOH SI3BIKOBOH TeppHTOpHH (Cp. Ha3BaHHe C KOPHeM *slov=: *slav- win *ven=-: *vent-: *vend- Ha okpaHHaX CJIaBAHCKOTO MHpa). Ipyroit BaxkHOH sajauefl HccsaefoBaHUsI OGaJTHHCKHX CJEIOB B PYCCKOH TONOHHMHKe SIBJISIETCHA BbIABJIEHHE NO BO3MOJKHOCTH BceX TNpHMepoB OaJITHiic- Koro tuna. HyxHO jJiyMaTb, 4TO, €CJIH OCTaBaThCsl Ha TOM JK€ ypOBHE HOKa3sa- TeJbHOCTH, Kak K. Byra, TO KosuuecTBO nmpHMepoB MOr/a0 Obl ObiTh, BEpOSITHO, YBeJIHYEHO Ha BechMa 3HaYHTeJLHOE UKHCJIO. Ye cefiyac MOXKHO yKasaTb HEKOTOpbie HOBbie NMPHMepbl Ga/THACKOH TO- 58 TIOHHMHKH Ha pyccKuX 3eMJISX. Tak, B Ha3BaHHH pekKH [kare (npaBwii mpu- ToK Ba3y3bi) cJiejtyeT, mo HauIeMy MHEHHIO, BH/[ETb H3BeCTHbIH Ga/ITHĖŪCKHĖ KOpeHb, cojlepxaiuiicss B IIpyccKOM gudde „KycrTapHHuK““, „Jiec““ (H, Kak Jly- MaloT HeKOTODEIe, ,,GOJIOTO““), B JHTOBCKHX CJIOBax gūdkarklis, gūdnotrėlė, gūdobelė H Jip., a TaKxXe B GOJILIIOM KOJIHYECTBE TOMOHHMHYECKHX Ha3BaHHH, IlpyccnH, JlurBbi H Jlarsuu“!. B stom cJiysae kare <*Grž-atb <*gudi- Ūti= H HAXOJIKT OJIHxAHNIYIO AHAJIOTHIO B Ha3BaHHsxX Gdansk(o) <*Gd-an- bsk= <*gud-an-isk- u Gdynia <*Gbd-ynja <*gud-ūnjū na ApyroM KOH- ue GaJ/irnickKoro MHpa!?, BripoueM, BO3MOKHO (XOTS H C MeHbLIEH BepOATHOC- TbIO) H JApyroe oObsiCHEHHe, cp. CTP. 63 3TOH craTbu. Haspanue JieBsoro mputoka ¥Yrpel [oppoTel 3acTtaBiisieT BCIOMHHTH MHO- rOYUC/ieHHble 6aJITHICKHE TOMOHHMBI C KOpPHeM gard=-, HeKOTOpbie 00pasibl KOTODbIX Ha CJaBSIHCKOH TeppuTOpHH yike ormeuanuch (cM. Gardejki). Ilpen- nojJIioxeHHe O GaJITHHCKOM npoHcxOx]ieHHH [oploTel CTaHeT OCOOGEHHO Bepo- SITHbIM, €CJIH VUEeCTb SIBHO Oa/ITHIICKYIO TONOHHMHKY 3TOr0 paidoHa H OOpaTHTb BHHMAHHe Ha cypdukc. CoobpakeHue MOZOOHOIO pojia 3acTaB/sieT BHJETb Ga/THICKHH SJIeMeHT H B Ha3BaHHH TMpaBoro TpHTOKA Basy3ki Caauta H B nputoke Pxarn Unuare (ecTb H OjHOHMeHHOe O3epo). 3aciyKHBaeT BHHMA2- HHS NpoBepkKa ¢ GanTHIICKOH TOUKH 3peHHSA TaKHX rMJPOHHMOB, Kak Jlo6b (B ce- Bepo-3amnajHoM yriy MockoBekofi oOJiacTH; cp. mpycckoe osepo Lobyn, Jiu- TOBCKYIO peKy Lobimis or aur. lėbas ,,pycno‘‘, ,,yrayGienue‘’), [lepxa (B PxesBckom paiione; cp. Jur. dirzus, dirZingas ,,sskuii*’), Jlycauka (npa- Bblil mpuToK MOCKBHI K 3amnajy OT ‘Moxxaiicka; 3fiech xe JepeBHsi Jlycocs)?3, Moker OkiTb, CmepBa (mpaBblit INpHTOK OKH, cp. JHT. Smaid-riai, npycck. Smedeyn, Smedythen, Smydyn, Smaydegarbs u 1.1.) u 1p. bosee noJi- HO H NnOnpoOHO GaiTHiCKHEe 3JIeMEeHThl B PYCCKOH TONOHHMHKe OyAyT Hccle- IOBaHbl HAMH B JPYyroM MecTe. Jluius cocTaBjieHHe JOCTATOYHO MOAPOOHOH KapThl GaJITMHCKHX TONOHHMOB Ha PYCCKUX TEPPHTOPHSIX TMOMOIVIO Obl OCYIIECTBHTH AH(p(DepeHIHPOBAHHbIM noaxoj K (akram, coOpaHHBIM C OFpOMHbIX TeppuTOpHii BeJiopyccHH, 3a- najHoil H oTyacTH ueHTpadbHOH Poccuu. Bo BesikoM cilyyae, aHaJIH3 1MOMOr Obl BbIJIEJIATb XOTA Obl JOMHHHpYIOIIME CJI0BOOGpasoBaTesibHbie MOJIEJIH BHY- TpH BCEro aToro mpocTpaHcTsa. B cBOIO ouepelib 310 (Kak H YHCTO JIEKCH- yecKHe JiaHHble) IO3BOJIHJIO Obl MOCTABHTH elle OJHH Ype3BbriaHHO CYIIeCTBeH- HbIH BOMPOC O JHa/IeKTHOH MpPHHAMJIEXKHOCTH Ca/NTHHCKOH TONOHHMHKH yKasaH- HeIX OO/IacTeX, KOTopas NO TpajMLUHH MHOTHMH CUHTAaeTCs JIMTOBCKOH HJIH (wupe) BOCTOUHO-GAITHICKOH. [To namemy riy6okomy yOexIeHHIO, OCHOBAaHHOMY He TOJIbKO Ha H3yye- HHH TONOHHMHKH, HO H Ha psijile cooOpaxeHuil GoJsiee OOiLero xapakrepa (AaH- 11 Cm. G. Gerullis, Die altpreulischen Ortsnamen, Berlin-Leipzig, 1922, crp. 47, 87, 95; H. fl. Cnporuc, eorpapuueckuii CJioBapb apesueil KomoiiTcko# seman 16 croseTus, Busbna, 1888, c1p86; J. Endzelins, Latvijas PSR vietvardi, Riga, 1956, crp. 336-337 u ap. 12 B oTHOUIEHHH STHMOJIOTHH Ha3BaHHH [nanbcka H D'ibiHH MBI COMHIaPH3HpPYyeMCs C B3rJis- navi $1. uazenuna H D. Openkens (cm. Die baltischen Sprachen, Heidelberg, 1950, crp. 63-66) H OTBepraeM TOUKY 3peHHS, BHAAWYIO 3fech Ha3BaHHe rotoB (D. Xepmann, P. dxbaom u ap.) ‘8 Cm. G.Gerullis, Yka3s. cou., crp, 91=93; cp. TakKe MHOrO4UHCJEHHYIO BOCTOYHO= GaJTHHCKYIO TONOHHMHKY C STHM Ke KOpDHEM. 59 ‘Hble NO JipeBHe-6aNTHHCKON JiKaJIeKTOJIOTHH, OTCYTCTBHe TaK HASbIBAEMbBIX Me- DpeXOJIHbIX CJ/IaBSIHO-BOCTOYHO-0AJITHACKHX TOBOPOB, UeTKOCTb H3BECTHBIX 6aun- TO-CJIABAHCKHX TpaHHll, HEKOTOpbe JAHHbIE O XpOHOJIOTHH CJIABSHCKHX 3aHM- CTBOBAHHI B JIHTOBCKOM H JaThilickoM f3blkax H T.71.), OGajrtuiickas TONO- HHMHKA paccMaTpuBaeMblX OOJIiacTeli OTHOCHTCH CKOpee K 3artajįuo-GaJITHŪCKHM JWajiekTaM, UeM K BOcTO4HO-GaJiTHŪCKHM (pasymeercsl, BCE STO BepHO JIHINb B TOM cCJyuae, Kora Mexay JAByMs BeTBSAMH GaJITHHCKHX JHAJEKTOB CymlecTBy- er pasinude). B H3BeCTHOH CTeNeHH B MOJIb3Yy TAKOTO MPEANOJIONKEHHS MOTIMNIH 6bl TOBOPHTH JIETONHCHbIE JaHHBIE O TalHHAAX (TOJAAb) H TONOHHMHYECKHE npHMepkI, cOjlepxxamHe Kopenb *galind-, Ojuako mnoc/ie KPHTHYECKOro pa300- pa M. GacmMepoM yxe ynomunaseiics pa6oTbI A. H. Co6oJieBckoro Takue apry- MeHThl GbWIH Obl CJIHIIKOM HeyOejiHTeJIHbiMH, IlosTOMY JiyuniIe H3Oparb Apyroi MyTh — HCKJIOUHTEJIbHO JIHHTBHCTHUeCKHĖ. OjiuHųM H3 HanGoJiee yOejiHTeJIbHbIX ApryMeHTOB B IIOJIb3Y 3anajHo-Gal- THiŪCKOR MPHHA/JIEKHOCTH TONOHHMOB PaccMaTpHBAEMOH TEPPHTOPHH SBJISIOTCA Ha3BaHHSA, COjlepxkKaLHe B cede sJIieveHT CO 3HaueHHeM ,,pekKa““. Kak H3BecTHO, BocTouHo-GaJirKickHe [MaJeKThl B OTHOLIEHHH (boHeTrHUecKOro BHAA KODpHA aToro CJOBa NpoTHBOCTOSIT 3anajHO-ČaJiTHŪCKHM: JHT. upé, JTUL Upe: npycck. ape (orMeueHOo B D/LOHHrecKOoM CJioBape, 62 H B LesioM psifie TONO- HHMHUeCKHX Ha3BaHHė npycckoil TeppuTOpuHn). COBO ape CKpbiBaeTcsl B Ha3Ba- HHH TpaBoro nputoka Bojiru: )Kykonki, 3acraBJiSionmeM npeanosaratb Gar. žukape „pbhiOKas peka‘‘ (xapakTepHO, uTO H NnepBa1 YacTb TOTO CJIOBA BejleT Hac B NnpycCKYtO OOJIacTb, cp. MpyccK. suckis ;,,pbIOa““ npu JIHT. Žuvis, JITIII. zuvs, zivs'®. Dro xe CJIOBO BXOJIHT B COcTaB Ha3BaHHSA DEKH Yxena, npoTe- kaiomeit B IOxHOBcKom palione CmsojJieKckoh oOvacTd (e BMECTO o H3 *a obbsicHsieTcsl Bo3zeficTBHeM 3ByKa z'6). Hakoen, HasBaHue IpaBoro NMpHTOKa BepxHero Teuenusi Jlkenpa-Bonu, XOTS1 H MOXKET TEOPETHUYECKH OTpa:xxaTb Kak ape, Tak H upė, Go/Jiee BepOSTHO NpeinoJiaraeT mpycckoe cioso’. Ilo psiny coobpakenuii Mbl He MpuUuHcaseM ciofa xe Heponato, B Ha3BaHHH KOTOpOI SĮ. Po3BajloBCKHiI BUAMT yKasaHHOe mpycckoe cJIOBO!?, CepnesHbie TPYAHOCTH Bbi3biBaeT MHTEpNpeTanusl Ha3BaHHA HauOoJiee SHAUUTENBHOH peKH, cojepiKa- mero KopeHb CO 3HaueHHeM ,,Boja‘‘. Mel HMeeM sjiecb B BAY Yny (cp. e€ 14 [Jomumo CTapbix paGoT, cp. HOBBIe Hccaenoanusi B. Kumapckoro, B KOTOphX 0co6yio poJib WrpaloT Bonpocbi xXpoHoJIiornH: Chronologie des relations slavobaltiques et slavofin- noises, RESL, 24, 1948, crp. 29 —47; The Earliest Contacts of the Russian with the Finns and Balts. — Oxford Slavonic Papers, 3, 1952, crp. 67 —79; Ein angeblich altrus- sisches Lehnwort im Litauischen, — Studi baltici, 9, 1952, crp. 238 — 243; Sur la chro- nologie de quelques altérations phonétiques en slave. — Scando-Slavica, 1, 1954, cp. 19—21; O XpOHOMOTHH CJABAHO-pHHCKHX JIEKCHUeCKHX OTHOWeHHH, — Scando-Slavica, 4 1958, crp. 127 —136 u ap. 15 Upp ke KacaeTcsl SaeMeHTa Zuk-B TakMX JHTOBCKHX CJIOBAX, Kak Zukmistras, #uksparnis, Žuklys, TO 31eCh, BHIHMO, NPHXOAHTCS AyMATh O 3aUMCTBOBAHHH HH 00 OueHb PEAKOM JHAJICKTHOM [pHMEpe. 16 Cy, M.V asmer. YKas. cou., crp. 22. JlioBonbITHO, Uro H B TOM CJIOBE nepsasi 4acTb BTHMOJIOrH3HPYETCs JIyulle BCero MPYCCKMMH CPEJCTBAMH. 17 Tag gymaior M. ®acmep, ykas. cou., ctp. 2} # T. Jlep-CniaBuHCKHH, yKas, COY., CTP. 65 (aBHO omnGouna stumosoras E. O, Kapckoroik BONHTD). 18 J, Rozwadowski, YKa3, cou., cTp.9. 60 NPUTOK Ynepra, oObIYHO HTHOpHpyeMbIė HCCJIeJ1OBATEJISAMH, a TaK)Xe He COB- ceM siCHble Ha3BaHHS peK Toro ke pailona Bwinps, Bwinpeiika, cp. naspaunue JiutoBckoro o3epa Upartas B 3apacaiickom paiione?). M. Pacvep H Hekoro- pble JpyrHe YueHble BbipaxKaJH COMHEHHe B TPAJHLHOHHOM CONOCTABJIEHHH C JIUT. Ūpė, JTL. Upe H3-32 (POHETHYECKHX MPHYHH (M3 YKa3aHHLIX BOCTOYHO- OaJITHKCKHX cJoB noJyuusock Obl *Vopb; ¢ Apyroit cTopoHsl, TPYyAHO AyMath 00 oueHb MO3JHEM 3aHMCTBOBAHHH pPYCCKHMH 3TOr0 Ha3BAHHS; BO BCAKOM cJlyuyae, HCTOpHuUecKHe NaHHBIE O KOJIOHM3AaL HH CJIABSHCKHMH [JIeMEHaMH 3THX 3eMeJib CTOSIJIH Obl B MPOTHBOPEYHH C XDpOHOJIOTHEK H3BECTHbIX (JOHETHYECKHX nipoueccos). [Ipasna, B nocJiejHee Bpems T. Jlep-CniaBuHcKuii cHOBa BepHyJI- cd K crapoMy oObscHeHHIO (yKa3. cod., cp. 65, 176), cchiiasice Ha moaMe- ueKHbiū H. C. TpyGeuxkum (ZfslPh. 14, 1937, crp. 353-354) nepexox v— B u- (mepej corJacHbIM) B roBopax 3THX MecT. O/HAKO HEKOTOpble XpPOHOJIOTHYec- KHe CooOpaKeHusi He NO3BOJISIOT HAM CUKHTATb BOMPOC O TMPOHUCXOXK/IEHHH HAa3- BaHHA YMbl OKOHYATeJbHO peIleHHbIM, TOYHO Tak Ke NpejicTaBJISeTCA pHCKO- BaHHbIM YTBepXKJeHHe O TOM, 4TO Ha3panHe pekdH Kacnas B CwmoseHcKOH OOJIaCTH COJIepXXHT B cebe 3JeMeHT Ūpė>*bpė. IlpyrHM BaKHbIM TOMOHHMHYECKHUM THIIOM, OOHApYXKHBAIOUIUM 3ariajįHO- GaiTuiickoe NpPOUCXOXKIEHHe, SBJISIOTCA TakHe Ha3BaHHA, Kak [lanes (pexa B Bexenkowm paiione), Mons (B Kaayxckoit o61acTH), MOKET ObiThb, HEKOTOPbIE TH- apounmbl [Hen poBcKoro Gacceiina, nmojBepriukecs Nepe0CMbICJIeHHIO H cypduk- calbHbiM u3MeHenusim: Ilanuka, Ilanuk, IlannkBa u T. Jį. 1°. B 5THX Ha3BaHHAX HECOMHEHHO CKPbIBaeTCs TOT Ke KOPeHb, UTO H B IPYCCKOM CJIOBe pannean ,,mo= sebruch® (Sab6unrckuii CiioBape, 288), cpaBHuBaembli ¢ rorckum fani ,,„TpA3b“, ap.-cakc. feni ,,60/10T0‘¢, Ap.-HHJ. painka ,,Jpa3p‘, ,,60J0T0‘, Ap.-HpPJ. an „Boa“ 1 T. 1. *?. B BOCTOUHO-GaATHHCKHX AHAJEKTaX COOTBETCTBYIOIIEEe CJIOBO HJIH TIOJHOCTbIO OTCYTCTBYET, HJIH SBJISIETCH STBAKCKHM 3aHMCTBOBaHHEM (cp. aut. puan. paniabuidé ,,pox rpuba, pactymero Ha 6oJoTax H B APYTHX ChIDbIX MecTax““*!, HurepecHo, UTO B KauecTBe TOMOHHMA 3TOT KOpeHb BCTpe- gaeTcsl TOJbKO B OGJACTH paclpoOCTpaHEHHS 3anafHO-0aJTHHCKHX JHaJIeKTOB- cp. Panyen B OpJeHCKHX JOKymeHTaxX 3a 1267 roj, moJibcKoe Ha3BaHHe MpH- toka KupcHel (Toxe 3anajHO-GaaTHHCKHH ruapoHuM)— Ponie H3 fATBAXKCKOro *Panja H T. I. Opnum H3 HauboJsiee yOeJHTeJIbHLIX apryMEHTOB B MOJb3y HaJHYus Ha TeppHTopHH 3anajHoii POCCHH IHIPOHHMOB 3aMajHO-GaJITHHCKOrO THNA $BJS- JOTCS HHKeM IOoKa He OoTMeueHHble Ha3BaHusl CraGha (CraGenka)—npaBoiil nputok [Inenpa B paiione Cmonencka, Cra6nsa-JieBbiė nputok [Iuenpa, Cra6- Hul@-npaBbiii IpHTOK Dpoxnu (mputok Depesunni cmpapa)?®, B HHX Mbl BHAUM 19 Cum. II, MamrakoB, Cnucok per [uenposckoro Gacceiina, CII6, 1913, crp. 5; 31, 206, 215, 228. 20 Cm. Takxke unnup. Pannonia, 2 Cm. K. Būga, Kann man Keltenspuren auf baltischem Gebiet nachweisen ? —Rocz- nik Slawistyczny, 6, 1913, cp. 37; Aistiškos kilmės Gudijos vietovardžiai, cTp, 35—36. Tpyano ckasatb uro-JiKGo onpeje/ieHHOe O eJHHHYHOM JTL. pane, ; 2 Cm. Il. MamTakos, Ykas. cou., crp. 3, 29, 97; U, Opanosckuii, Kparkas reorpagusa Cmonenckod ryGepuuu, Cmonenck, 1908, crp. 21, "61 GanTHKickHė KOpeHb stab-, KOTODpbIH TOJIbKO B 3amajHo-GaJTHHCKOH OO/IacCTH coXxpaHH/I 3HaueHHe ,,KaMeHb' (cp. mpycck. stabis. D/iL6HHrckHū CJioBapb, 32) H TO/IbKO 3JIECb YynoTpeOJISeTCA B KauecTBe TONOHHMA (cp. Stabaras, Staba- yen, Stabegode, Stabelauken (Bur. ecTb Stablaukis), Stabelow, Stabin- gen, Stabynotilte, Stabuniten®). XapakrepHo, 4TO psi NIPYCCKHX HA3BaHHI, KaK H NpyccKHĖ anmessiaTHB stabni-,,neub“ (u3 *stabiné ), HemocpencTBEHHO yKa3sniBaloT Ha (bopMy, Koropasl JierJia B OCHOBY IPHBEJEHHBIX Bblllle TH/Ip- HHMOB CmMojJieHckKoH ob6jactu: *Stab-in-a>*Stabbena>CrabHa. Bosiee cnopHO CBHJIETEJIbCTBO TaKHX TONOHHMHYECKUX Ha3BaHHUM, Kak CbKa, tenepb Cox (JieBhiė NpUTOK [IHempa), HaXoAfIIUX COOTBETCTBHE M3 Bcex Gai- THICKMX $13bIKOB JIHINb B MPYCCKOM Suge ,,J0XKJb‘‘ (€C/H 3TO CJIOBO CpaBHH- BaTh, Kak JielaJoch paHblle C Jp.-B.-HeMm siigan H T. 1.2%); win JlykTbi — nepeBusi B [loporo6y:KCKoM paiioHe, Ha3BaHHE KOTOpOH CKopee corJjacyercs C npycckum Lukte, uem c JiKTOBCKHM Lukštas HJIH Jateimickum Lukste®, H jp. HecomMHeHHo, 4TO jafbHeliline HCCJ/ieJ0BaHHS MOMOI'YT BbISIBUTb HOBbIE 3a- najgHo-6aJTHHCKHE BJIEMEHTbi B PYCCKOH TOMOHHMHKE, [Tocnienauit Bonpoc, Ha KOTOPOM XOTeJIOCb Obl OCTaHOBHTb BHHMAHHe, Kaca- ercsi XpOHOJIOTHH 3aHMCTBOBaHHSI PYCCKHMH GaJTHHCKHX TONOHHMHYECKHX Has- Banuil, Hanuuue ny6neroB tuna Jlyueca-Jlykeca, rroJiuorJiacHbIX opm Hapsigy C HeNOJIHOTJIACHbIMH, IPUMEPOB C TaBTOCH/IJIaOHUeCKHMH HOCOBBIMH COIVIACHBLIMH H C HODMAJIbHbIMH BOCTOUHO-CJaBSHCKHMH pediieKcaMu coueTaHHH „TJIaCHbIH-|- HOCOBOH COTJIAaCHBIH‘¢, a TaK)Ke CHTYALHH, IO3BOJISIONIHe IPOBEPUTh OTpaKeHHe ū;k' Hg'; tj H dj H 1.4. B 3aHMCTBOBAHHBIX CJIaBAHAMH GaJTHHCKHX Ha3BaHHSX, JlaIOT BO3MOXKHOCTb OCYMIECTBHTb XOCTS Obl INIpejįBapHTeJIbHYyIO XPOHOJOIHYECKYIO nuĖpdepeHuHanHIO YKa3aHHbIX TONOHHMOB. Kpome Toro, 3TH SIB/JIeHHA MOTYT GbITb HEKOTOPHIMH BeXaMH, MO KOTOPbIM Mbl CYJAMM O (JOHETHYECKOH KapTHHE si3blKa CJIABAH TOrO MepHojia, KOrja OHH BCTPETHJHCH C GaJTHICKHMH IIJIeMe- HaMH Ha TeppHTOpHH DBesnopyccun H 3anannoii Poccuu. CyTb 370i KapTHHBI 3aKJ/I0YaeTc B TOM, YTO elle CYIIeCTBOBAJIH JKOTOHTH H AH(PTOHTHYECKHE CcoYeTaHHusl C HOCOBLIMH COIMIacHbIMH; coueTaHHfl Tuna tort H tj, dj ocrtasa- JIHKCb HETPOHYTHLIMH; @ eile He mepeunio B y. Bcé sto Jlerko mposepsiercsl Ha 6aNTHHCKHX TOMOHHMHUYECKHX 3AaHMCTBOBAHHSAX VY CJIABSH. Takoe cocTofiHHe B 3BOJIIOUHH CJABSHCKOH (POHOJIOTHYECKOH CHCTEMBbI, npeneasHo OJiH3KOS K GaJiTHĖCKOMŲ, Kak H TOT (DakT, uTO OrpOMHasi 4acTh 6aJTHHCKOrO H CJIaBSAHCKOTO KOpHecJIOBa COBMNA/aeT, 3HAaUHTEJIbHO 3aTpPYAHSET BbISCHEeHHe BCeX ¢JeoB GAJITHACKOĖ TONOHHMHKH Ha pyCCKHX TeppHTOpHAX 23 CM, G, Gerullis, Die altpreuBischen Ortsnamen, crp. 171—172. Cp. Takxke B. H. TornopoB, yka3. craTbi (O TOnOHHMAX C KOpHeM stab= H 006 OTHOLICHHH MX K TONOHH- MaM C KOpHeM akmen~ B reorpagdHuecKOM IJIaHe), # EcJih xe g sBJAETCsH 3/eCh rpapuueckuM BapHAHTOM j (kak B cugis, cp. aut. kūjis, cnas. Kyjb), TO ¢ npycckHM suj=, noxanyii, cjaeiosano Obl CpaBHHTb THApoHHM Cys. Henas- HO 6BINO YGEAHTENLHO NOKA3aHO, UTO MNPYCCK. suge HYXKHO NOHHMaTh, Kak sūjė Cm. Eric P. Hamp, OPruss. Soye „rain“, KZ 74, 1956, crp. 127—128. Qopwma soye orMeuena B pa- 6ore E, Hermann, Eine unbeachtete Uberlieferung des preussischen Vokabulars Simon Grunaus, Gottingen, 1949, 25 Onnako 3/1ech OcTaeTCA H BO3MOKHOCTH ApYroro OGb;cHeHHA Ha3BaHHA JlykThl, npasja, Meee BeposTHoro. Cm. M, Vasmer, yka3. cod,, 1p. 21. 62 H NperiATCTBŲeT BO MHOTHX CJydYasiX YCTaHOBJEHHIO CKOJIbKO-HHOYJĮb TBeEDJIbiX KpHTepHeB JI pa3JIHUeHHA OaJTHHCKHX H CJIABAHCKHX HasBaHuil. B caMOM Jlesle, Kak. HaripHMep, peluHTb BOMNPOC O S13bIKOBOH TMpHHAJŲIEXXHOCTH KHa3BA- Huda peu. Pxarb (B PxxeBckoM pailoHe), Korjia Jtaxke cTapbie HasBanusi PxeBa (PxeBa, PxoBa, PxeBka H T.Jį.) HJIH TONOHHMkhI THOA Pasa, PwxaBka me MOoryT jįaTb HHUero GoJiblle, UeM MPeANoJIOXKHTb KOHeuHyio (DopMy *rudj- (>*rsž-), KorTopasi B paBHOH CTeNeHH MOXKET ObiThb GaJITHACKON H CJIABAHCKOR ? TouHO Trak xe ynoMAHYTEbIK Bhlllle KOpeHb gud- H3BecTEH He TOJIbKO B Ga/JITHHĖC- KHX, HO H B CJIaBAHCKHX S3bIKAX (cp. C.-XOpB. Gacko (polje) u3 *gud — 6sk?9). UrnopupoBanue 3T0TO oGcTro;TEJIbcTBa NpHuBeJIO K TOMY, uto K, Byra co6pan HeMAJIO TOMOHUMHYECKHX Ha3BaHHH, KOTODpbIe CTOJIb Ke JIETKO OObLCHSAIOTCA Cc Ga/iTKĖėCcKOK TOUKH 3peHHA, KaK H CO CJaBAHCKOH. B stom cJIyuae nomy- meHa“ cepbe3Has MeTOJIOJIOTHUecKa1i HOTpeluHOCTb, TIO406HAas1 TOM, KOTOpas HMeJIa Gbl MecTO, ECJIH Obl Mbl JTHMOJIOTH3HDpOBAJIH TOIOHHMHKY COBPEMEHHOH JINTBE C TNPacJaBAHCKOH TOYKH 3peHHS (YHCTO TEOpeTHYeCKH TO Oblio Oki BIOJIHE BO3MOXKHO [10 OTHOLIEHHIO K 3HAYHTEJIbHOMY KOJHYECTBY HA3BAHHH). IlosroMy B sak/ioueHHe XOTeJIOCb Obl eme pa3 MOAYEPKHYTb MEPBOCTeE- neHHOe 3HaueHHe Boripoca O Mpejeslax BO3MOXKHOIO NpH onpejieJieHHH Gali THHCKHX DJIEMEHTOB B DpYyCCKOKH TONOHHMHKR. 46 Cu, S, Rospond, Stratygrafia toponimiczna, = „Z polskich studiéw slawistycz- nych““, Warszawa, 1958, crp. 182.