2 recenzijos

At the end of the book is a wide 1948 — 1968 m. German Democratic Baltic literature bibliography published in the Republic, as well as published by scholars of this country in the press of other countries, which records positions devoted to various 249 problems of Baltic linguistics, Lithuanian-Latvian literature, folklore, Baltic ir history. More 52 bibliographical positions concern the Lusatian (Sorbian) i ir Lithuanian cultural relations. This extensive bibliography together su with the professor R. Ekertu prepared by another sincere friend of ours, active promoter of Lithuanian culture Doctor of the GDR Frido Wild. As the authors of the bibliography themselves point out, it be would be extremely iš difficult to compile a completely perfect bibliography at once, so they ask their readers ir for help to complete it. In response į šį to the request, we will point out a couple of things that probably should have been included tų in this į bibliography, namely: Ambr. Jonynas, Der Battle of the Fronbauern against the Manor im Mirror of Lithuanian Mérchen, Schwanke and Schwankmūžrchen, "German Yearbook fiir Volkskunde", Bd. VII, Berlin, Germany 1961, p. 205—214. ~ K. Korsakas, Report on the Folklore research in Lithuania, “German Yearbook fiir Volkskunde", Bd. VI, T. 2, Berlin, 1960, p. 451 — 453. A couple of proofreading tricks: K. Mühlenbach ir J. The English translation was published 1923—1932 in 1999. o J. Otrembski- 's Lithuanian Grammar, Volume Three — 1956 m. (this volume was released earlier už other volumes). I wish that this professor's R. Ekert’s work would be ne only a beautiful echo of German Baltic traditions, but new ir significant German Democratic The beginning of Baltic studies in the Republic. R. Ekert šį dedicates his work to a Russian linguist, a former friend — from school days V. M. Ilič-Svityčius, thus reminding us once again that Baltic studies were hurt by the ir tragic death of this scientist. A. Sabaliauskas JlinrsicTeiunas reorpadis i rpynoyka Geaapyckix rasopak, Minck, [Izoglosy 1968 interpretation], p.; 318 Jlinrsicteiunas reorpadis i rpynoy ka Geaapyckix rasopak, Minck, 1969 [80 linguistic Zemélapiy]* Belarusian linguistic geography has advanced far in its i ambitions ir and in its valuable production, far outstripping other Soviet Union republics working on similar dialect research. A major scientific achievement in this field was the first monumental published ir 1963 m. "Dialectological Atlas of the Belarusian Language" (JlsisiJiekraJiariunbi aTJiac 6eaapycKali MOBH), whose maps 338 (most in colour) jų reflects the most ir jų characteristic features of the phonetic morphology of Belarusian dialects, syntactic ir construction, dialectal and lexical diversity and prevalence of individual ir phraseologisms. Based on this latlas, Belarusian dialectolo- — * Eudarė authors collective: Corresponding member MA of the USSR R. Avanesovas, Philol. m. cand. A. Arašonkava, Philol. m. Dr. M. Birla, Philol. m. Dr. N. Vaitovich, Philol. m. Dr. A. Grucas, j. m. b. I. Kavalchuk, Philol. m. cand. A. "Krivickis, BTSR member-correspondeMA nt phil. m. Dr. J. Mackevič, Philol. m. cand. J. Ramanovič, j. m. b. A. Hat. Edited by CorrespondiMA ng member of the USSR R. Avanesov, Academician MA of the BTSR K. Astrakhovičius (Krapiva), philosopher. m. Dr. J. Mackevitch. 245 gai rose to a higher level of linguistic geography — he prepared an excellent atlas of its dialect isoglosses maps, which synchronously analyzes and comments on the most important isogloss fibers, establishes their formation centers and dynamics, highlights the origin and development of individual dialectal features and their groups, illuminates the interrelationship of the phonological system of the main dialects of the Belarusian language, their grammatical structure and lexical phenomena, and relations with neighboring Russian, Ukrainian, Polish, as well as in many cases with Lithuanian dialects. The atlas of isoglosses of Belarusian dialects essentially revises the hitherto used classification of their dialects and, on the basis of all aspects of dialect structure (phonetics, grammar, lexicon), highlights new dialect groups, giving a precise and clear characteristic of them and revealing typical differences between these groups. This atlas also delineates the dialectal zones, bringing a lot of new linguistic light into the formation of the Belarusian language and its history. All isogloss maps in the atlas are divided into two large sections — isogloss typology maps (1—70) and maps with isoglosses showing the division of the Belarusian language into dialects and dialectal zones (71—80). The maps of isoglosses typology are divided into 9 sections according to the distribution centers and direction of the features depicted in them. The first of them presents a fiber of 21 isoglosses, consisting of 118 dialectal features, beginning in the southern and southwestern corners of the Belarusian SSR and spreading broadly across the whole country in the north-eastern direction. All the fibers of these isoglosses go beyond the territory of the Belarusian SSR and connect with the Russian-speaking areas and the Belarusian and Russian dialects of the Lithuanian SSR, the 1—9, 12—16 isoglossy fibers also pass into the Ukrainian- -speaking territory, and the 1—12 isoglossy fibers also include the Belarusian dialects in the Polish People's Republic. Especially noteworthy are the fibers of isoglosses 1—11, distinguishing the old dialectal continuum of Polesia, with which the problem of ethnogenesis of Eastern Slavs is connected. It is also important to note that the Polesie, despite being distinct from other dialectal zones, does not form an enclosed area, but has many common features with the neighboring territories. The 13—21 isogloss fibers of this chapter (Gradina, Lyda, Ašmena, Varena), especially the Lithuanian borrowed Mxxmduixa (20 maps, cf. lit. mentė), the prevalence of some syntactic constructions (éxay Ha Kani | ėxaiy kanėm; éxay Ha 603e | ėxaiy 663am — 14 maps; naznay eaavi| nazndi eandy; snaiūiudy epsi6a | akaiimudi epuilb —20 Zemél.) etc. have great practical and theoretical significance in terms of the respective characteristics of the Lithuanian dialects. ir The second section is dedicated to the northern isogloss fibers. It consists of 8 maps (22—29) reflecting 36 features of phonology, morphology, lexis and word formation. These isoglossal fibers separate the Pripet Basin linguistic area from the main Belarusian dialectal mass. It is a clear type of transitional dialect between Belarusian and Ukrainian. The third section comprises 7 isogloss fibers (30—36) extending from the southeast to the northwest of the country, which connect 33 dialectal features. Parts of these isogloss fibers (30-31) separate the transitional Belarusian dialects of the Gomel area. The fourth section connects 16 isoglossal fibers (37-52) running in a southwesterly direction from the eastern corner of the republic. They comprise 92 phonetic and lexical features and form a harmonious isoglossal complex, clearly distinguishing the dialectal array of Mogilev and Vitebsk regions from the general area. These two types of isolation are closely related and dependent on each other from a structural and genetic point of view, although they differ in their constituent characteristics. The Mogilev-Vitebsk dialect complex, in close contact with the neighboring Russian dialects, has a number of phonological lexical features characteristic of them. 246 su ir Jų among which the soft pronunciatir on of the sonorous before the anterior vowels is particularly important (in the rest of the r territory cool, vowels backslipped). Particularly interesting here are the isogloss fibers of the Astravo dialect subgroup, (46—51), ir į Lietuvos Belarusian border dialects of the USSR. They are the object of serious further studies in the sense of Lithuanian-Belarusian linguistic ir contacts. The fifth chapter belongs to three isoglossal fibers of dialectal characteristics. (53—55) su 20 They run steeply iš south of the northern corner of the republic. Especially noteworthy are the du first fibers of this direction, (53—54), iš which separate the Wrocław corner from the general dialectal area. In its lexical characteristics, on iš the one hand, it somewhat approaches the Lithuanian, Latvian ir Old Estonian Russian dialects, iš second to — the adjacent Lithuanian dialects (especially considering that In the vicinity of Wrocław, Lithuanians and ir Belarusians still live mixed in some ir places.) For example, the Russian word ea30dįxa, which is not found elsewhere in Belarusian dialects, is common here, as is the Lithuanianism orcdeini. (plg. let. žodžiai) ir ir kt. The sixth section consists of 7 (56—62) the southeastern isoglossal fibers that run along the iš northwestern edge of the republic. They combine lexical-semantic 44 features, some of which include ir Lithuania and The Old Russian-Belarusian ir Dialects of Latvia. Į as a separate dialectal unit, they distinguish the border Belarusian dialects, approaching the Lietuvos TSR having ir some-no-some common features with su neighboring Lithuanian dialects that are under ar some influence. jų It is the only known species of the genus Pteropus (Pteropus | spp.). (57 iš of the part fits to the Lietuvos The name of this object itself used by the TSR to (this is well shown, for example, by the manuscript map of the Lithuanian Language Atlas). 58 As an exception to iš the entire Belarusian grammatical structure, the feminine nouns mouud, eycsi (56 maps) have here passed to the mand, 3emAs conjugation type. The phonetic verb eyxdys "to speak" (58 maps) found only in this area has its close relatives in the Latvian and Lithuanian dialects, e.g.: Latvian ukace “eine Klatschbase, nūjis J. Endzelins, IV, Riga, 1929—1939, p. 296), Lithuanian rūkkauti. The isoglossa of past tense participants with the endings -yust, -LUb1, which perform predicative functions (especially to indicate the event of the course, e.g.: 2 mym Jaiyjko Obtijiuoi), and the area of Lithuanian borrowed JO3ipedx (map 59) are also important for Lithuanian language researchers. The seventh chapter consists of two isogloss fibers (63-64). One of them is south-west (8 features), the second — north-west (7 features). These fibers highlight the middle (central) area of Belarusian dialects, revealing its general features, connecting it with the peripheral massifs. The distribution of dialectal features in this territory suggests that they will spread from this centre to the periphery. They differ from previous isogloss fibers in that some of their characteristic features form closed compact areas. In addition, there is a whole complex of linguistic features that distinguish the southwestern and northeastern dialects, which are not formed by compact fibers of isoglosses. The eighth chapter is devoted to the four fibers of isoglosses of the western and eastern directions (65—68), highlighting the so-called meridian isoglosses, connecting 22 dialectal characteristics. Meridian isoglosses are special in that they are derived for the first time in Belarusian dialectology and highlight (although not quite clearly) the widely spread western Belarusian dialect array (finally it will be possible to highlight it after the publication of the “Visy Slavic Linguistic Atlas”), which does not form a unified whole, but is characterized by a great variability of one or another dialectal feature, to a significant extent depending on the different political, economic, cultural and linguistic relations of that territory in the historical existence. It is particularly interesting that the linguistic characteristics of the Western Belarusian dialects are very different according to their origin. Some of them are new 247 (especially a certain layer of vocabulary), others (grammar, as well as part of the vocabulary) are old, and thirds reflect the manifestations of certain political changes. The ninth chapter presents two fibers of isoglosses of closed dialectal areas (69—70), combining 10 phonetic and lexical features and distinguishing a completely closed dialectal island of Sluck in the dialect of southeastern Belarusian dialects. The first part of this thesis examines and interprets a total of 390 dialectal features of the Belarusian language. The second part of the work is a brief summary of the researches of the first part. Based on a realistic picture of the isogloss fibers, forming a relatively harmonious system of the present dialects of the Belarusian language, formed over a long historical process, and its detailed study, this part presents maps of the new dialect classification (71 — 75) and dialectal zones (76 — 80) and their interpretation. The new classification of dialects presents and scientifically interprets the following division of the main Belarusian dialects: the Polesie dialect group and the main Belarusian language mass (the first division); North-eastern (contains three dialect groups — Northern, Vitebsk-Mohyla, Polotsk) and south-western (contains three dialect groups — Southern, Mozyr, Western) dialects and middle Belarusian dialects (second division). In the territory of Belarusian language, for the first time, five dialectal zones are distinguished (third division): 1) southeast, 2) northwest, 3) central, 4) eastern, 5) western. From the point of view of the history of Lithuanian-Belarusian linguistic contacts, the latter zone, especially the direction of intensity of its phenomena, is the most interesting and most grateful for further research. Going beyond the object of this important work, the book of isogloss interpretations contains a third large chapter, in which the issues of the genesis of Belarusian dialects are analysed in detail. The publication “Linguistic geography and classification of Belarusian dialects” is a great achievement of Belarusian dialectologists, a new and significant step forward in the linguistic geography of the Soviet Union. This excellent and seriously prepared scientific work is the main source for further studies, comparative and comparative studies of Belarusian linguistics, as well as other Slavic and Baltic languages. The analysis of the linguistic geographic material of Belarusian dialects is an excellent example for similar studies of the linguistic geography of other peoples of the Soviet Union, as well as of foreign countries. For the complex of works on Belarusian linguistic geography of great linguistic value, the authors and editors were awarded the State Prize of the USSR in 1971. E. Grinaveckienė 248