Нерегулярные явления в фонетике, акцентуации и грамматике белорусских говоров западной зоны

LIETUVIŲ AREALINĖS LINGVISTIKOS KLAUSIMAI LIETUVOS TSR MOKSLŲ AKADEMIJA 2. A. TPUHABEILKEHE, IO. O. MAILKEBHY, E. M. POMAHOBHY, E. H. UEBEPY K HEPEI'YJISIPHBIE SIBJIEHUSI B EOHETHKE, AKLIEHTY ALIMM H TPAMMATHKE BEJIOPYCCKHX I'OBOPOB 3AIAJIHOK 30Hbl B crarbe anamusupyercs ps SBJIEHHĖ GeJIOpyCCKHX HapOJIHbIX TOBODpOB, OTHOCSILIUXCA K HeperyJIApHbIM OOpa30OBAHHAM B OOJIaCTH (DOHeTHKH, aKULeHTYA- IMU H TpaMMATHKH. DOJILIIMHCTBO H3 HHX JIOKAJIH3YeTCSA B mpejesax 3ariajįHOH 30HbI GeJIODpYCCKOTO H13bIKOBOTO KOHTHHYyYMA (I pojmekckKas, Munckasi, Bure6c- Kasi 00.1.). I. 3ByKOBbIE JAMAJIEKTHbIE pa3JIHUKHA, HE OTHOCSIHECS K (POHETHUYECKOH CHC- Teme 6eJIOPYCCKHX TOBOpPOB. a) Besopycckne roBopel IIepexKHJIH CYXKeHHe HIHPOKOro! TIJIacHOTO e H ero H3MeHeHHe B 3BYK 3ajiHero psija o(é€) moa yJapeHHeM nepejl TBepjlbiM corJac- HbIM, Hamnp.: 6apdsa ‘Gepésa’, aén, 2é0. Ojnnako B 3anajįhbix O0eJIOPYCCKHX roBOpax B OTJEJIbHBIX CJOBOGOpPMax B YKa3aHHOH MO3HIHMH IOCJIe MATKHX COTJIac- HBIX OTMEYeHbI CJIyuaH a <e), Hanp.: Maaa03sius (BMECTO Mara0d3éx) "MOJIOJIĖX", Kanswka (BMeCTO KančiuKa) "KonHa' (cena), yuo yamusis (BMECTO yamuée) ‘remueer’ (BosikoBbickuit, [I]yuunckuii p-Hb1). [lanHoe sBJieHHe HM3BECTHO H B 3a- HMCTBOBAHHAX, Hanp.: peldadyka (BMECTO poldaéjka) "nonaTKA', yéax (< Hem. Juan. zweck, cp. noJbcK. éwiek) ‘rBo3ap’. Kak H3BeCTHO, BO MHOTHX CJy4asiX H3MEHEHHSA B S3bIKOBOKH CHCTeMe 4acTo ObIBAIOT He AČGCOJIOTHbIMH*, BCJIEJICTBHE Yero Hapyuiaercsi peryJsipHOCTb TeX HJIH HHbIX CHCTEMHbIX 3aKOHOMEDHOCTEH. B JianHoM cayuae HaJIHYKHe IVIaCHOTO a B Mopdeme Moj yAapeHHeM Iepejį TBepIbiM COTJIACHbIM — He UTO HMHOE, KaK PeJIHKTOBOE sIBJIEHHE, He MOJIaBlLIeecs H3MeHe- HHIO. DTO, MO BCeil BEPOSITHOCTH, COXpaHeHHe (GoJiee JpeBHEero KauecTBA IJIaCHO- ro e. Ilojj06Hoe H3MeHeHHe, BO3MOXKHO, BbI3BAHO IpeoOjIajįaHHeM Ha JaHHOH Tep- PUTOPHH CY(DdHKCOB C BOKAJHYECKHM 3JIEMEHTOM (I, £ B HMEHHbIX H IJIaroJibHbIX 06pa30BaHHsX, Hanp.: assiiua msica, Kypdua nép’ad. C Apyroil CTOPOHLI, MPOH3~ HOILIEHHE @ U3 € B JIJAHHOHM MO3HIHH XapaKTePHO H JŲJIS! TOBOPOB COCE/IHETO JIHTOBCKOTO si3bIKa, HANp.: g'dras (< géras) ‘noOpuI’, važa (< véZa) 'Be3ėT, -3yT, ž'ūmas (<Zémas) ‘Hu3KHi’ (TaK:Ke H 3aUMCTBOBaHHE c'v'ūkas (<cvekas) "rBo3Jip')?. Ilos-. TOMY €CThb HEKOTOpOe OCHOBaHHE BHJETb B ĮĮaHHOM CJydyae H MOJUIepXKHBaloOLIee BJIHSIHHE (DOHETHYECKOH CHCTEMBbI JIMTOBCKHX TOBOPOB. 1 Cp. Hapuics na ricropsii Gesapyckait Mosel, Minck, 1957 (gajiee — Hapoicsl), c. 63 (848). * Cp. Tam xe, c. 54—55. 8 Cp. Jleianekrajiariunbi ataac Gesapyckait MOBBI, Minck, 1963 (nasee — JIABM), kap- Ta Ne 185. 4 Cp. Z. Zinkevičius, Lietuvių dialektologija, Vilnius, 1966 (1a.:16e— LD), kapra Ne 12. 89 Hapsiuty ¢ aTHM Ha JaHHOH TeppHTOpHH B YKa3aHHOH NMNO3HUHH LIHDpOKO H3- BeCTHbI TaK>Ke CJIVYUAaH CYKEHHOTO IVIACHOTO e, MPOH3HOCHMOTO Kak JU(TOHT nepeaHero psija ie, Hanp.: aeéc ‘aséc’, aed ‘a2éd’, med ‘méd, 6Gépda ‘Gépna’ (BoponoBckuii, BoaxoBbickuit p-Hbl). CyXKeHHOE e OTMEUEHO H B IVIATOJIbHbIX (dopmax HCCJIe/ĮyeMBIX FOBOPOB, HAMp.: nek xaeb, Hanék ardmkay, cnex AČUUKIO, 3a6éc da pépmol, npoiséc nayighon, naséyj Kans, 60k pa303ėp, namép com (Bu- Jieiickuii p-H)®. B naHHOM c/yyae BhIpaBHHBaHHE e B KOPHEBOH Mopdeme MOT/JIO MPOM3OHTH MOA BJIHAHHeM (OpMbI HHPHHHTHBA, CP. neK4sl : nex, 3aeecyi : 3a- 8éc, nasecyi : naséy, namepyi : namép. Ho naJiuune e nojį yjapeHHeM B OTAe/]b- HBIX CJIOBAX, BO3MOXKHO, SIBJSIETCS] pe3YyJIbTATOM GOJIEE CHJBHOTO BO3JAEHCTBHSI ynapenus. [Tox yjtapeHneM TJracHbIH e, Kak BH/HO H3 IPUMEPOB, 3HAUKHTEJIbHO VJIJIH- HHJICS! H OJIHOBPEMEHHO CTA/I GoJiee HaNPSKEHHBIM H CYXKEHHBIM. JlauHoe sBJieKHe, no Beefl BEPOSATHOCTH, TOXK/ECTBEHHO AHAJIOTHUHOMY SB- JIEHHIO, OTMEYEHHOMY B HEKOTOPBIX JIHTOBCKHX TroBopax GejIiopyccKoro mnorpa- HHYbSI, B KOTOPLIX BMECTO JIOJITOTO Y3KOTO ė JIHTepaTypPHOro S13bIKA (< H3 HIHPO- Koro *é), Kak H B COCeJHHX GeJOPYCCKHX TrOBOpax, MPOH3HOCHTCS HEpery.sp- HbIK TUQTOHT ie, HATIP.: turiej ~ turėjo ‘nme, -JIa, -auw’, guliej ~ gulėjo ‘nexan, -J1a, -Ju’S. B 370i cBASH Bbi3bIBaeT HHTEPEC H HAMMYHE B HCCJEAYEMBIX TrOBOpax yap- Horo 0(€) M3 3aKphITOro JpeBHero &7, Hanp.: acaén ‘ocjern’, 6scéda ‘Gecepa’ (Hosorpyackuii p-H), na6éx ‘noer’ y aec, én naréc ‘nones’ wa eapy, Ha yréc ‘ynes’ y xaes, caéc ‘cies’ ckex (BopoHoBckwHit p-H). OTMeUEHHBIE CJIy4YaH OTKJIO- HeHHS OT HOPMBI 11ePEeX0/ia ė B 0 (€), BePOsITHO, BbI3BAHBI eTO MO3HIMOHHLIM [10JI0- xennemM. [pee Bcero 3/iece MOTJIO OKasaTh BO3JICHCTBHE UepejjoBaAHHe TJIACHBIX e :0(é) B KOpHeBbIX MOpdeMax TVIaroJIbHbIX opm: Héc: Hécyi, 6éy : eéeyi; e, npHpaBHHBASICb K O (€), AO/KeH Obl HECKOJIBKO COKPATHTBCS, BCJIEJCTBHE YEro CTAJI GoJiee IHPOKHM H H3MEHHJICS B 3BYK 3a/iHero psija O (é). 6) B ornesbHbIX c/10BOQOpPMAX OTMEUEHO uepejioBaHHe a : 0, HANp.: mpa- 6d : mpoeet (Bunefickuit p-H). TOT eAMHAYHBIA CAyYail OTHOCHTCS K repHdĖepHH -apeajla pacnpocTpaHeHuss a>o0 nepei y (Tuna npégoda: npdiyda) B roBopax c HEJIMCCHMHIIITHBHBIM akaHbeM®. Ho B rosope mac. riyKKTa CanoHoe (Buueiic- KHĖ P-H), Ile OT™MedeHa coBodopMa mposst, npoH3HocHTCHA npdijoa, dag, Adijka. Bo3MoxkHo, mpcéest OTHOCHTCH K SIBJIEHHIO JIaGHAJIH3AIIHH H CYXKEHHsI TJIACHOTO a riepejį §, KOTopoe B 3TOM roBOpe ye CTepJIoCh, COXpaHHBINHCb JHIIbL B (opMme POIMTELHOTO Tajexka MH. 4. (mpoyf). 3aTeM, BEpPOSITHO, IpOH3ONIJIO BHIPABHHBA- HHE TJIaCHOTO BO Bex (popmax MH.U. (: mpoest, mposam, mposax). Coxpanenne Jan - HOTO OCTaTOYHOTO SIBJIEHHS MMOJAJEPKHBACTCA H IMNO3HUKOHHbIM YepeXOBaHHEM TH- na caed : cO8bt TPH AKAIOLIEM BOKAJIH3Me. Jla6uajnsaunus H cyxeHHe NepBOro KOMIOHEHTa AUGTOHTa au HAGIIOAAIOTCH H BO Beet Boctounoit Jute. ITO 0COGEHHO sSIpKO BbIpaxeHO B A3YKCKAX TOBOpAX, * Boabwe npumepos cm. Xpacramateis na Gesapyckait awssexrasorii, Minck, 1962, c. 7, 8,9, 46, 47, 122, 131, 142 u ap. * Cp. LKT, c. 388 u ap., rakxe E. K. ['punasenxene, Hekoropkie siBjieHHst KOHTaKTH- POBaHHA JIHTOBCKHX H CJaBAHCKHX rOBOPOB (Ha MaTepHaJ/ie sI3bIKOBBIX KOHTaKTOB B IOr0-BOC- To4HOH JluTBe, — Banto-caassanckuit c6opunk, Mocksa, 1972, c. 399 u ca. * Cp. Hapsich, c. 56. * Cp. JIABM, kapta Ne 28. Hanp.: sdūsas || soūsas ‘cyxoit’, laūkas || būkas ‘none’, raddii ||radoū ‘names, -Jra*?. Įlaunoe siBJIEHHE OTMEYEHO H B H30JIMPOBAHHBIX JIUTOBCKHX TOBOPAX Ha TeppHTO- ‘pun Benopycckoit CCP, nanp.: proiisc ‘ymbiBaty’, glofisc ‘npuKumatsh K rpyau’, -krogjas “kpoBb™. M3 CKa3aHHOTO H JaHHBIX, NPEJCTABJIEHHBIX HA YMNOMAHYTOM Boine Kapre Ne 28 JIABM, Bujino, 4TO TEPPUTOPHH OTMEYEHHBLIX SIBJIEHHĖ COTpPH- Kacaioresi. IloaTOMY MOXKHO npejnoJsiarath, 4T0 3TH OCOOGEHHOCTH OBOMX SI3LIKOB ABJIAIOTCS OOLIUMH. B) [pu pasauuenuu (DOHeM C H wi B eIMHAYHBIX CJIOBAX B Mpejesax 3anajHoi 30HbI GeJIODpYCCKHX TOBODpOB OTMEUEHO HEKOTOpoe KojIeGanne. Yale Bcero BMeCTO OGbIr1HOTO JŲJISI OCTAJIbHBbIX TOBODOB COTJIACHOTO CB IAHHOM CJIyua2e 3/1ech Hepery.Jisip= HO BbICTYIrIaeT COTJIAaCHbIKH IU, Hanp.: tnikd "cnnHa' (BopoHoBeKHh p-H), wkanéy, ckKonetį' (Tlacrasckmit p-H), wapakanéuika ‘copokonoxka’ (BpacjiaBckuit p-H), mnous (<caoma) ‘caskors’ (HoBorpyjickuū p-H). B 3aHMCTBOBAHHbIX CJIOBAX B 3THX TOBOpaX COXPaHfETCH CBOHCTBEHHOE $3bIKY HCTOUHHKY IIpOH3HOINIEHHE YNOMSIHYThIX COTJIACHBIX, HANP.: NApwyK ‘TOPOCEHOK’, Cp. JUT. paršiūkas (nau- HOE CJIOBO C TAKHM IIDOH3HOINIEHHEM B 6eJ10p YCCKHX TOBOpAaX 3aHHMaeT KOMIAK THIN apean'); ckarom, cCKAI0O ‘tecno’, cp. wkawod ‘r.c.’ (KanaunkoBHucKuii p-H), JT. skliūtas; nawkijcmea, nawkgoa ‘ragocts, mepsocts’ (Hosorpyackuit, Ilac- TaBCKHH p-Hbl; JlaHHBIE CJIOBA, IO BCeil BEPOSITHOCTH, MOJIYYEHbI YEPE3 JIHTOBCKHĖ AI3bIK), Cp.: nackyoa (PoraueBckuii p-H), JUT. paskustva ‘T.c.’ < H3 MOJBCK. paskudstwo, paskuda. r) OrMedeHo 3jech H HEOObIYHOE JŲJIS! GEJIOPYCCKOTO $3blKa (haKy.IbTATHBHOE MPOH3HOLLIEHHEe COTJIACHOTO K' Nepej €, Hamp.: KéwKayya TIpH oObIMHOM KOWIKAUB, KOwKayya ‘Konath, KOmatses', Hakéjayya "'nauKATb', KAAKĖMO MPH KAAKO4Q “menkaer’ (HoBorpyackuit, Ammsinckuii, VIBbeBCKuil p-HbI), 3akéamays miamy npH HanboJiee pacnpocTpaHeHHOM 3aKAAQYiyb ‘pa3sBeCTH BOJOH, pasMemaTh’2. Bo3sMOXHO, 4TO OTMeueHHble C/IyJaH BbI3BaHBI OGLIMM XapaKTepPOM uYepeOBaHHS TBEPAbIX-MSATKHX COT/IACHBIX B MapajurmMax CIIDS2XKEHHS, HO, BO3MOXKHO, OTHOCATCS H K PEJIHKTOBBIM HJIH CYGCTPATHBIM SIBJIEHHAM, CP. JHT. kéSinti ‘MeIJI€HHO HATH, kiaiizeris ‘3eBaka’, klekénti ‘mmenkartn’. A) B 3THX roBopax B OT/ĮEJIbHbIX JIEKCEMaX COOTBETCTBEHHO X MPOH3HO- CHTCA K, Hamp.: kdma ‘Xata’, JKAHIK KeHHX', Kaen ‘XJed’, KAHIOK ‘KOHIOX . Dra yepTa OGbIYHO 3aXBATHIBAET GOJIBIIOH KPYT JIEKCHKH B TeX NMYHKTAaX, IJe Ha- cesieHHe OOMmaeTC Ha ČGeJIOpyCCKOM H JIHTOBCKOM JHajekTtax. Hamu ormeueHs! caepyiomue cayyan B BoponoBckom p-He (ep. Crappie CMHJibrHHH): wapémka “uepémyxa’, 4Kda 'unxaeT', Ka3siH ‘XO3SHH', KGHIKI "xKaHHXH', wameiper ndpol COK ‘COX’, npolėxaij da ik ‘ux’, He Odublna IK ‘UX’ H MH. Ap. B TpajMUHOHHBIX JIH- 'TOBCKHX I'OBOpAax COIVIACHbIH ch TPOM3HOCHTCS Kak k, Hamp.: koras (JIKTEp. 53. «choras) ‘xop’, kaukoézas (< u3 kolchozas) ‘Konixos’, kolera (nuTep. si3. cholera) * Cp. LD, c. 92—94. 10 Cp. J. Senkus, Kai kurie Laziiny tarmės ypatumai, ,,Lietuvos TSR Mokslų akademijos „darbai, A serija“, 1(1958), c. 185. '* Cp. JIABM, kapra Ne 292. 12 Cp. rake A. V. Apamonkasa, E. I. Ipunasenkene, I Il. Kasaasuyk, 10. ®. Maukesiu, 51. M. Pamaunosiu, A. I. Ua6spyk, JI. O. lllaranasa, la sekcika-ce- MaHTbIruHAH AblpepsHUbIAuLI į GejrapycKiX HApOAHLIX raBopkax, ,Becui Akaaswii wasyk Bena- pyckait CCP, Ne 1, 1971, Cepsra rpamMajckix HaByk”, c. 95—96. 91 *xoJiepa', karūktorius (JiTep. 3. charūkteris) 'xapaxTep', kūdas (u3 chūdas) *xygoH' H MH. Ip. HaMenenue X B K XapaKTepHO H Jil APYTHX 3anajHbiX GeJIO-- pycekHx rosopoB. Tak Kak corJiacHbiė ch JŲISi COOCTBEHHOJIHTOBCKHX CJIOB COBCEM UV2KJĮ H BCTPEUaeTcsl, Kak BHJHO H3 IPUMEPOB, TOJIbKO B 3aHMCTBOBAHHBIX MHHOBAUMSAX JIMTEPATYPHOTO $I3blKa, MOXKHO IpeAnoJararh, UTO OeJIOpyCcCKHe ro- BOPbI 3aMajiHOil 30HBI MEPEeHsJIH JaHHYI0 OCOOEHHOCTH sI3blKa CBOMX 3amajHbiX coceiei. e) B tom xe roBope (B roBope Crappie CMHJibrHHH) Ha6JI0JdeTcsi yTpara HauaJIbHOTO (ppukatuBHoro 2 (h), Hamp.: yaemdid (< eyabmdi) ‘JEHTSIH’, Obl (< ebaet) ‘roam’, apoiųo (< eapsiys) ‘Toput’, adyi (< eadyd) ‘BOCNHUTHIBAN’, araséura (< earaséuuka) ‘ToJIOBHS', apubiya (< eap4biya) ‘ropuHua’, apouaol (< eaplwanst) ‘TOPOXOBBIH’, ymricak (< eymHicax) ‘TyMeHHUK', aadyka (< ea-- A0jKa) ‘rojoBka’, yemdsa (< eycmds) nu MH. Ap. JlaHHOe siBJIEHHE OTHOCHTCS K SI3HIKOBOM HHTep(epeHUHH B YCJOBHAX JIHTOBCKO-GEJIOPYCCKOTO GHJIMHIBH3- Ma, TaK Kak B TPaJHIHOHHBIX JIHTOBCKHX TOBOpax HayaJbHOe h 3aHMCTBOBaHHBIX CJIOB BCcerja OTmajaer, Hanp.: aktaras (marep. si3. hektdras) ‘rexkrap’, eirikas- (JmTep. s13. Henrikas) ‘Tenpux’, efbas (nutep. s13. herbas) ‘rep6’, imnas (autep. 513. himnas ‘TUM’, cp. eme arielka (< GeJop. eapéaka) ‘Bojka’, arbata (< moJbCK. herbata) *uait’, alasas (< nomnbek. hafas, Genop. 20aac) ‘wy™’, addelis (< HEM. Handel) ‘toproBis™. B coOGCTBEHHOJMTOBCKHX CJIOBAX COTrJIacHbiū h BOOGIE OTCYTCTBYET. II. T'oBopki 3anaiHON 30HBI BHIAEJISIOTCS H NIO XapakTepy yIapeHus. Cy1iecTBHTE/IbHbIE JKEHCKOTO Dpojįa C HEMpOH3BOJHOH OCHOBOH Ha -@, OTHO- cslpecs K aKIEHTHOH MapajurMe C HEMmoOABHKHBIM yJapeHHeM Ha KOpDeHb B JIH- TEpPaTYPHOM SI3bIKE H BO MHOTHX GeJIOpyCCKHX roBopax, 3/iech 00pasyioT MOJIBHX- HYIO NapajurMy C OJIEKTHBHbIM yJapeHHeM B €JHHCTBEHHOM 4YHCJe, HANp.: Aind, ainé, ainy, aindéd (npu coxpaHeHHH KOPHEBOTO YyjĮapeHHSA BO MHOXKECTBEHHOM. yuKeJIe: ainet, ainay, ainam, ainami, Ha ainax). K 310My aKueHTyauHOHHOMY TH-- IIy OTHOCSITCSI CYNIECTBHTEJIbHbIE: Myxd, xmapd, 2pytud, OyOd Hi HEKOTOpLIE APY- rie. [lpuBeieM HecKOJIbKO HW/OCTpaunuid: 6ydd: y 6ydsé cabdka cniyb; cKypy KAip, myxd Kycijumas (BopoHoBckuil p-H); 6éavka epywd (Nlysnnekuū p-K);. Ha One sacmaadcs eywdd 3 epyyst (MoctoBekuit p-H); ckyad (OCTpPOBELKHH P-H); ckypd; nad cxkypoii (UsbeBekuit p-H); xmapd yémnas idsé (Hosorpyuckuii p-H). Ho nmepeuncjJieHHbIeė 3ech CYIIECTBHTEJbHBIE HE OTJIHYAIOTCS TMOC/EoBaTe b= HOCTBIO TEPe/IBHIKEHHS Y/apeHHs: B OJĮHHX TOBOpaX INOJBHKHAS aKIEHTHas na-- pajurmMa BKJIo4YaeT OOJBbIIOH KPYT CYIIECTBHTEJNbHBIX, B JPYTHX — JIHINb OT-- JieJbHEIE cioBa. Tak, Hampumep, Kypd ¢ (JIEKTHBHBIM YJapeHHeM OTMeueHa H B psJie LEHTpAJIbHLIX paiioHoB (Yepsenckuii, PoraueBckuit u Jp.). B kpyr ¢ueKTHBHOrO yJapeHHs BXOAUT H IIPOH3BOJHBIE CYIIECTBHTEJ/bHbIE C OCHOBO} Ha -a, Hanp.: coinaed (MoctoBckuil p-H), ceinuaed ‘csuner’ (Hosorpyac-- Kuil p-H), pabind, karind, xeaind (BopoHoBckuit p-H), dafjHind ‘cTapuHa’, Maiind,. Kpamind 'MaTepuali (pabpuunoro usjenns’ (YeppeHcKuil p-H), MAKiHd, Oanayind: 18 Cp. LD, c. 152; Lietuvių kalbos gramatika, I, Vilnius, 1965, c. 66. 4 Cm. E. K. Tpuunaseuxene, H. II. Kosanbuyk, IO. ®. Maukesuy, E. M. Poma- HOBHu4, Cesepo-zamnajgneie GeJOPYCCKHE TOBOPH JHTOBCKOTO NOrpanuubs, — Baato-caassnc- Kul c6opuuk (nasee — BCC), Mocksa, 1972, c. 378. 13 Cp. LD, c. 152-153. . 92 (Llyunnckul p-H), aAbtubikd "'Oonbxa', marind (CBucjouckul p-H), Oazikd, HigiHd (HoBorpyjickuiū p-H), eadus 'crano', eawdad ‘r.c.’ (BO MHOTHX TVyHKTAX, CM. KapTy wusorjioce Ne 1), cywns, Oaijonsi, ocaijyroxd "enTyxa', CMApO3I0xd ‘Bo- Hioxa' (HBbeBeknū p-H) H MH. 1p.1® SHauKHTEJIbHOC KOJIHUECTBO TpHBE/IEHHbIX cCYyOĖOHKcaJIbHbIX O6pa3oBaHHH OTHOCHTCS K sing. tantum. Akuenryauns rmpHBe/teHHbIX BbIIlNe CJIOB OUeHb CXOJHA C AKIIEHTVALHEĖ HME- HHTeJIbHOTO Najieka eĮĮMHCTBEHHOTO UKHCJIA aHaJOTHMYHOH T'pYIIBI CVE CTBHTEJIb- HbIX COCeJĮHerO JIHTOBCKOTO S513bIKa, B KOTOPOM JABYXCJIOKHBIE H MHOTOCJIOKHBIE CYIIEeCTBHTEJIbHBIE JK. POJla ¢ KpaTKHM OKOHYaHHEM H KpATKHM HJIH CHJIbHOKOHeE4- HbIM TIDpejįOMOCJIEeJ|HHM CJIOTOM, a TaKXe JIpeBHHe OKCHTOHbI B HMEHHTEJIbHOM najexe eJIMHCTBEHHOTO UKHCJIA BO BCeX CJIyUasIX HMEIOT yJapeHHe Ha OKOHYaHHe, Hanp.: šaka ‘BeTBb’, ranka ‘pyka’, troba ‘xara’, sveikata '3j10poBbe"', pabaigė ‘Ko- Her). /lanHoe npaBHJIO KacaeTcsi H 3aHMcTBOBaHHė: kvietka ‘uBeTOK’, terba "Me- 100K’, skūra ‘wKypa’, vyšnia ‘Buns’, kamara ‘knajnoBas’. Ckopee Bcero, JaHHas AKIEHTYalHOHHAsi OCOČGEHHOCTb 3amajHbIX 0eJIOPYCCKHX TOBOPOB TOMK/IECTBEHHO COOTBETCTBYIOIEH CHCTEME YAapeHHs JIMTOBCKOTO s3biKa. JlaHHOMY SIBJIEHHIO MOTJIH CIOCOGCTBOBATb CJIOBA JIHTOBCKOTO IPOHCXOXKJIEHHSI, YIOTpebJsieMbie B GeJIOPYCCKHX TOBOpaX, MCXOJHAs AKIUEHTYAalHOHHAsI CTPYKTYpa KOTOPHIX, CO- ‘OTBETCTBYIOLIAsi HCTOUHHKY 3aHMCTBOBaHHMS, 3/leCb OCBOEHA H COXpPaHeHa, Hamp. : Hayod ‘nossa’, cand ‘OCTPOB’, Kyopa "npyji; xopoimHėN yuacTOK Jeca’, miama ‘e/la M3 OBCAHOM MYKH’, 0fabKa ‘MBUIL’ H JIp., CP. JIMT. nauda, sala, kūdra, milta ‘ela U3 KHCJIOTO MOJIOKA H rpeuHeBoit MyKH’, dulké. OnHako B HEKOTOPHIX GeJio- PYCCKHX 3aHMCTBOBAHHAX M3 JIHTOBCKOTO OTMEUEHbI H aKIEHTYalHOHHbIE OT- 'KJIOHEHHSA OT HCXOJHBIX (opM, cp. JHUT. banda ‘Gynka xJie6a' u Gejop. 60HOa UT.c.', JMT. kalsé "Genpo' H Gejiop. Kyawd vi Kyaewa ‘T.C.’, JET. maurai ‘psicka’ iH Gesiop. maygpd ‘r.c.’ H Jp. Takum 06pa3oM, B HcCJIeJįtyeMbIX OeJOPYCCKHX TOBOpax 3amajHOi 3OHbI 'CpejilH JIeKCHUeCKOTO COCTaBa HMEH CYVINeCTBHTEJIbHLIX C OCHOBOH Ha -@ 3HauH- “TeAbHYIO TPYIIY COCTaBJSIIOT HMEHA C DJIEKTHBHLIM VJIapeHHeM B GopMax eJKHC- "TBeHHOTO UKCJIa. DTO JaeT OCHOBAHHe MPEArNoJaraTh, UTO AMCTPHOYIHS JAHHOTO aKIEHTYalHOHHOTO THITa CK/JIA/ĮbIBAJIACb IIOJĮ BJIHAHHEM YKa3aHHBIX BbINIe MHOTO- "UKHCJIEHHbIX JIHTOBCKHX (OPM B YVCJIOBHAX GeEJIODYCCKO-JIHTOBCKHX KOHTAKTOB, ‘B HTOTE KOTOPBIX B INIOrpaHHYHbIX TOBOpaX PACIIMPHJICS THI C OCHOBON Ha -a C DJIEeK- "THBHLIM VJĮAapeHHeM, XOTs OT/ĮEJIbHbIE (DOpMbI MOTYT HMETb PaCXOXKJIEHHE. Crenyer VyuHTGIBATb, UTO BJIHSIHHE HCXOJIHJIO KaK OT OT/IEJIbHbIX 3aHMCTBO- BaHHbIX JIEKCEM, TAK H OT BCeTO CTPYKTYPHOTO THIMA, KOTOPHIH MOT BbI3BATb TeH- JIEHILHH K TepeIBHXKEHHIO Y/1apeHusl Ha OKOHUAaHHe. III. TpaMMarHueckHue pa3JIHYKHSA, BbULeJISIOMKHe 3aMajHyi0 30HY GeJIopycC- CKHX TOBOPOB OT OCTaJIbHOTO 6e/IOPYCCKOTO MacCHBa. a) Jlekcuyeckuii cocTaB HMEH CYIIECTBHTENBHBIX @- OCHOBbI B TOBOpax 3a- MajiHOH 30HBI MOMOJIHHJICA 32 CYET NepeooPMJIEHHSI HHLIX OCHOB, HAMp.: MOLO ‘MBILIL’, MOUUŠIO; 2ycs ‘TYCh’, 2ycéro, aycét’. Bo3MoxHo, 3/1ech OKa3aJIO BIIHSHHE 16 Cp. eme BCC, c. 379-380. 17 Cp. IABM, kapri NeNe 80—83; rake Jlinrsicteiunas rearpadist i rpynoyka Genapyc- Kix raBopak, Minck, 1968, c. 139-140; Jlinrsicteiunas rearpadis i rpynoyka 6enapyckix raso- pak, Minck, 1969, kapra Ne 56; Baltų kalbų veiksmažodžio tyrinėjimai, Vilnius, 1973, c. 247; rakxke BCC, c. 379. 93 H rpamMMaTHYecKasi CHCTeMA COCeJįHHX JIHTOBCKHX IOBOPOB, B KOTODpbIX CYLIECTBH- TeJIbHOL XKEHCKOTO pOJIa, KaK MPaBHJIO, He HMEIOT CJIOBOGOPM € Hy/JIeBONH (JIeKCHel. 6) B GesopyccKOM JHTEpPaTYpPHOM $i3bIKE H B 3HaH4HTeJIbHOH YacTH rOBOPOB cJI0BO cmdda ‘cTafio’ OTHOCHTCS K cpenHeMy poay. B 3anajinbix roBopax OHO 06+ pa3yeT najexHblie (DOpMbI M0 THY CYIIECTBHTENbHBIX @- OCHOBbI, HarIp.: cmdoa, cmddet, cmddse, cmddy, cmdoaii(r0), y cmddse (cM. kapty usorsoce Ne 1). Ms- MEeHEeHHe pojJia B JaHHOM CJydyae TOXe, IMO BCeH BepOsTHOCTH, 0603HAYAeTCsT MOA- JIEPIKUBAIOLIHM BJIHSIHHEM JIMTOBCKOTO $I3blKa, B KOTOPOM IPSIMOE COOTBETCTBHE HCCJIE/[yeMOTO CJIOBA SIBJISIETCSI CYINECTBHTEJBbHBIM KeHCKOro poja, cp. banda *erajo". Heo6x0jiHMo OTMETHTb, UTO B JĮDpEBHHX IHCbMeHHbIX NaMsiTHHKAX JIHTOBCKOTO' S13bIKa H ero TOBOpaX H3BeCTHkI 3aHMCTBOBaHHA H3 ČGeJIOpyccKOTO si3blka stddas,. stoda ‘crano™®. Cyjisi no HX OopMe, MOXKHO TIpejinoJiaraTb, UTO OHH He HMEIOT HHKAaKOH CB5I3H C KaTeropueil poja cJIoOBa Cmdda, yrioTpe6Ji1eMoTo B OEJIOp Yy CCKHX roBopax 3amajHoii 30HbI B Hacrosiilee Bpems. Caenys sa K. Byroi, JiuToBekne stédas, stoda oTHOcATCS K 6oJiee JpPEBHHM 3aHMCTBOBAaHHEM, H DOJ MOCJEJHHX UMHCTO (DOpMAJIbHO 3aBHCHT OT (DOHETHUYECKOH CHCTEMbl KaK JIMTOBCKOTO, TaK Hi 6eJ10p YCCKOTO SI3LIKOB TOTO BpeMeHH (Cp. JT. pdsmas < ndcmo, bognas < Odenos, pekla < piekio, prova < npdso)*®. BosjeiicTBue (OHETHUECKHX 3aKOHOB GeJIOpyC- CKHX TOBOpOB Ha H3MEHEHHe KaTeropuH poja AHaJeKTHOro cmdoa B JAHHOM CJIY- yae MOJIHOCTHIO OTCYTCTBYET, cp. Gesiop. 20pa (cp. pon) < e2ope, dsépasa (cp. pon), cmdda (x. pon), dpyxcdka (M. pos) H Ap. B pesysbTaTe OTMEUEHHbIX NPOLECCOB B pa3HbIX YacTAX GEJOPYCCKHX TOBO- POB 3arrajįHOH 3OHbI JIEKCHYECKHH COCTaB HMEH CYIIlECTBHTEJIbHbIX I- OCHOBBI LIH- pe, H TO B 3HAYHTEJbHOH Mepe OOYCJIOBJIEHO GeJIOpyCCKO-JIHTOBCKHMH KOHTAK- TaMH. B) B Gesopycckux roBopax MMEIOTCS CBOH cCrenHguyeckue CpejcTsa BbIpa- JKEeHMsI TPOCTPAHCTBEHHBIX, BPEMEHHBIX H JAPYTHX OTHOLIeHHĖ. OOblYHO B JIHTE- paTypHOM $I3bIKE€ 3TY DpOJIb BbINOJIHAIOT COYETAHHA NPEAJIOroB C pPasJIHYHbIMH najexHsiMi opmamu. B roBopax Ke Hcc/elyeMoOH 30HbI YacTO B ITOH (DyHKUHH BHICTY NAOT GecrnpeioKHble KOHCTPYKLHH. CoOTBETCTBEHHO MPEJIOAKHON KOHCTPYKUHH C NMPEAJIOTOM y+ BHHHTEJIbHbIH najfiexx As BbIpaxXeHHA1 06CTOATEIbLCTBA BPEMEHH B HAPOJHOH peuH HCCJIeJĮyeMbIX 6eI0pyCCKHX TOBODpOB ynoTpebJisieTcsi TBODpHTEJIbHbIK BpeMenn. I IpH 0603HaueHHH MOMEHTHOTO JĮĮIEKHCTBHSA B ODyYHKUKH TBOPHTEJbHOTO BPEMEHH BbiCTYraeT yale BCe- TO angBepOHaJiH3HpOBAHHbIė TBODpHTeJIbHLIK HMeHH €JMHCTBEHHOTO UKCJIA, Hamp.: Hduaii (uTep. 513. y Hou) abipdai A6416iKi (BopoHoBeKuii p-H); naijOxėm (aurep. 53. V NnOYyoHi) npbuund; én napod (nurtep. 53. y napy) npouuodl); AKIM 6pIMAM cx603im (ViBbeBCKHE D-H); He QOHbIM 8pImam (UTEP. 53. He § ad3in yac) npbidy (Ammusnckuh p-H). [lpn o6o3HaueHHH NOBTOPSEMOCTH A€HCTBHA B (PYHKIHH TBO- PHTEJLHOTO BpeMeHH BLICTYIaeT TBOPHTEJbHbI HMEHH MHOXKECTBEHHOIO UKCJIA, HO ero (opMbl Hea BepOHAIM3UPOBAHHbI, HANP.: Hed3éaami (JuTep. 53. Yy Hed3éai) Goiri kapmawst (UBbeBckuit p-K); sedapdmi 6ydzem nicdys (Hosorpyackuii p-H). Cy P. Skardžius, Die slavischen Lehnworter im Altlitauischen, Kaunas, 1931, c. 207; KapToteka ,,Ci0Bapsi JMTOBCKOrO S3bIKA“, XpaHsmascsa B pykonucbHuX ¢ounax HucratyTa JHTOBCKOro sizbika H aureparypsl AH Jlur. CCP. 19 Cp. K. Būga, Rinktiniai raštai, III, Vilnius, 1961, c. 46. 94 CyimečcrBnrejibubiė C OOUHM YKa3aHHeM nepHojja BpėMėHH YVTOUHSAIOTCA OnpejieJIeHHbIMH CJIOBaMH. Ouenb 4acTo B 3TOH (pyKHKUKK YyNOTpeOJISIOTCA YVKA- 3aTeJIbHble MECTOHMEHHSA, pexe IpuJaraTejbHble, Hanp.: YANEPAUHbIM Hdcam 906pa Holy; ešmbimi OHsimi Gbiai ddguist; 2dmoim 2060am mHlea ecyb A6AbIK, seaday, epet6oy (Hosorpynckuit p-H); edmewm udcam we cniyya; Hopys npouuna esmat napod (BoJKOBBICKHH p-H). ®opma TBOPHUTENILHOTO Tajie’ka MHOKECTBEHHOTO UKCJIA BEIPAKAET H JŲ“ TeJIbHOE BpeMsi, B TeUeHHe KOTOpOTO IpOHCXOJIST TE HJIH HHbIE H3MEHEHHSA, Hamp. : KpYjiuuna ‘Kyda KaMHeH' eaddmi pacyé (Bunelickuū p-K). KoHcTpykuHH C€ TBODpHTeJIbHLIM BpeMeHH B GOJIbIIEH HJIH MEKHbINeN CTETIEHH CBOHCTBEHHBI BCEM OeJIODYCCKHM TOBODpaM, B OCOGEHHOCTH JŲIS OGO3HAUEHHS Tex HJIH HHbIX COCTOSIHHH, JVISIIUXCS B TeUeHHe ONpeJleJIeHHOTO IIepHOjia BpeMeHH. DTHM H ONDPpeJIEJISETCS HX TpaMMATHUECKAS (DVKHKIKHS — BbIDAxEHHe OOCTOSTEJIL- cTBa BpeMeHH, Hanp.: ŲANAOM IOY koma Kaye; Maposam naesėmaii CYULLILL Ganiany; maroro cyuaro dkoima Ha abslidse; eaiinoti nazapéai (Hosorpyackuii p-H); i OaxcOxcom ecyv paboma (NUlyunnckut p-H); y mac cedimam HA pdbdayos; nad3ėnokaii naédsim c mabol; and sus 0séjkaii xeapšna (BopoHoBCKuMil p-H); Oném esinyys Kesimor (BonkoBeickuit p-H). Ho nas 0G03HAYEHHS MOMEHTHOTO AEHCTBHS H JIEHCTBHS NOBTOPSAEMOTO J@HHble KOHCTDYKUHH HAHOOJIEE KOHIEHTPH- POBaHO JIOKAJIH3YIOTCA B 3anajHoi 30He. B JiuTepaTypHOM si3biKe H B JApYTHX TOBOpaX, Kak OblJI0 yXKe YINOMSHYTO, HM COOTBETCTBYIOT CHHOHHMHUECKHE TMpejį- JIOXKHBIE OGOPOTHI. JlaHHble KOHCTPYKUHMH TBOPHTENBHOTO BpeMeHH WIMPOKO pacripocTpaHeHsbl B COCEJIHHX JIHTOBCKHX TOBOpaX H B JIHTOBCKOM JIHTEPATYPHOM Si3bIKE, HANDp.: nakčia nukrété Obuolius; kokiu laikū eisim; ne vienu laikū paréjom; sekmadieniais būdavo turgai; vakarais mezgū; dabartiniais laikais lefigva gyvėnti; šiais métais daug grybų; tuo laikū dar nemiegū u Mu. jp. TlosrToMy H B JaHHOM CJlyyae MOXKHO BHJIETb MMOJIEPXKUBAIOIIEE BJIKSAHHe aHAJOTHYHLIX KOHCTPYKUME JIHTOBCKOTO: A3bIKA. Hapsiny ¢ aTHM B HCCJIejįyeMbIX TOBOpaX IIHPOKO VIIOTDeČJISIOTCEĄ KOHCTPYK- LHH TBODHTeJILHOTO MeCTA, TBOPHUTEJILHOIO ODpYJIKHA, TAaKXKE H TBODHTRE/ILHOFO KO-- JIHYeCTBA, HAMp.: Cmapandmi tuoij Oogcdoxc; 60a Gapaskodii moi) (AmmsaHcKuil p-H);: én Aaulųo ejaiųami (ViBLeBekuū p-H); Mmolri afeam ad3ėmdy; ėxani maustikaii;: Kančm naédse (BoponoBeknū p-H); sa Anaury eddam cmap (IL yuunckuit p-H). Jlannbie CHHTAKCHYECKHE KOHCTPYKIHH TOXKE HMEIOT CBOH MPSIMbie COOTBETCTBHS B JIHTOBCKOM S13bIKe, HAMNp.: §0nais lijo; jdutis vaga eina; jis laksto gatvėmis; šdr- mu skalbė; mašina važiūvo; drkliu važiuos; už Oną mėtais vyrėsnis. OjiHaKO B GeJIOpyCcCKOM JIHTEpaTVpHOM SI3bIKE H B JPYTHX TOBOPAX BMECTO (eECINDpeJWIOXHBIX: KOHCTPYKIHH B JaHHOM CJy4Yae NIHpOKO pacIiipocTpaHeHbI CHHOHHMHUECKHE: Npejį-- JIOXKHbIE KOHCTDYKIHH, HANp.: y Oakdx uiof 0oxcdic; na Gapaskė wolj 80a; én AAauiųs na eijAiųvi; MLA fj AijO3e; €XAni Ka masine, HA KarRt; 3a ArauKy Ha 200 cmap3i wu t.11. OTCIOJIA BHIBOA: JIATOBCKHĖ SI3bIK H B JAaHHOM CJiyuae, NO: BCeH BeposiTHOCTH, OKa3aJI CBOE NOJŲĮEp2KHBAIOINICe BO3JIEHCTBHE HA CeMAHTHUECKYIO cucTemy GeJIOpyCCKHX TOBOPOB 3ara {HOH 30HbI. r) B HcceJieJjtyeMOM 5I3bIKOBOM MaccHBe GeJIopyCCKHX HapOHbIX TOBOPOB OTMe- YeHbI H HeKOTODpbIe MeHee XapaKTepHble JĮJIS! CJIABSHCKHX $3bHKOB CHHTAKCHYECKHE Sad pd pg 95: roBopax. K uHcJIy MOC/IEAHHX B NEPBYIO O4epejįb OTHOCATCS pOJĮKHTEJIbHbIH 4acT H (genetivus partitivus) H pOJWMTeEJIbHbIN LEJIH, Hanp.: Kdas Kycmoy aamoy ėcyo (Ammsncknū p-u), Cp. JiaT. prie krūmų yra šakų; yoo sieadaij čcųo (ViBpeBekul p-K), cp. JIHT. jau dogų yrd; npouudy én pas.kans (KBbeBCKuii p-H), CP. JIHT. atėjo jis kartą arklio; cxaxcy a cdaa (Ilyunnckuit p-n), cp. Jur. eink aš lašinių u 1p. B GeslopyCcCcKOM JHTEPATYPHOM SI3BIKE H APYTHX TOBOpaX MoJ0GHBIE KOHCTPYKIHH He COXDpaHHJIHCb, Hanp.: KAA KYycmoy ramet écyv; yes seadst écyb; npbuuoi én kab Odai Kaus, cxaXy A na cdaa | T.I. 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