Функционирование и преподавание русского языка в сфере высшего обраыования Литовской ССР

SOCIALINĖS LINGVISTIKOS PROBLEMOS LIETUVIŲ KALBOTYROS KLAUSIMAI, XIX (1979) Hnhione MAPKEHE GYHKUMOHHPOBAHHME H NPENOJABAHHUE PYCCKOTO SI3bIKA B COEPE BbICUJETO OBPA3OBAHHS JIMTOBCKOM CCP Bonpocki dOyHKuUKHOHAJIbHOTO pa3BHTHS A3bIKOB B NIOCJIejįHEe BDpeMAI CTAJIH 00 beK- TOM H3yYeHHS CONHOJIHHTBHCTHKH. Pelliaollast pojib B pa3BHTHH H PELICHHH NpO- GaeMbl OYKHKUKOHHpOBAHHSA SI3HIKOB IpHHAJIJIEXKHT COBETCKOMY S13bIKO3HAHHIO (Ilemepues IO, JĮ., 1966, 1968). B cBfi3u c pa2BHTHeM OOLIECTBEHHbIX ODyHKUKHH HALLKHOHAJIbHbIX JHTEPATyPHBIX S3bIKOB. B COBETCKOE BDEMSI VCHJIKHJIOCb BHHMAHHe JIAHTBHCTOB K yIJ1yGJeHHOMY H3YUeHHIO. BONpOCOB OyYKHKUKOHHDOBAHHA OTJIĮEJIbHbIX HAUMOHAJILHBIX fI3bIKOB, ITH BOMPOCHI OCBEINAIOTCS H B TPYAaX JHTOBCKUX S13bIKOBeJIOB (Kruopas J., 1967; Muxansuenxo B. IO., 1975). Ojinako HeH3YUeHHbIM OC TaeTCSi BONpoc O pacnpejleJIeHHH COLIHAJIbHbIX DVHKIHHĖ PYCCKOTO H JIHTOBCKOTO f13bIKOB B OT/ĮEJIbHbIX Chepax OOINECTBEHHOH XH3HH JIHTOB- cKOro Hapoja. DdTOT BOMPOC He MOJBeprajcs CITenLHAJIbHOMŲ HCCJIe/ĮOBAHHIO, B yacTtHoCcTH, Takasi crneuuduyeckasi, OcOOeHHO B ycaoBuax HTP, obnacts npu- MEHEHHsI PYCCKOro si3blka, Kak cdepa Bbiciuero o6pasoBaHHsi, He HCC/IeJ0BaHa. CBejieHHi O (pYHKUHOHHPOBAHHH PYCCKOTO $i3blKa B Dpa3JIHUHbIX pecrIyOJIHKAX umerotcs Jub B padote IO. JĮ. Jlemepnesa (1976). Očiunupnas HccJiejioBaTeJibc- Kas pa6oTa, KoTopasi OocBelnaJia Obl OcCOOeHHOCTH (DVHKILAOHHDpOBAHHS BTOPOTO S3bIKa B YKa3aHHOH Cgepe, BONpOCbI B3AaHMOJIEHCTBHA JIHTOBCKOTO H PYCCKOTIO SI3bIKOB B IIporiecce OOYyueHHA NOCejHeMy, He IIpoOBOJIHJIaCcb, C Apyro# CTOPOHH, B HaCTOsilee BpeMSi yiKe HMEIOTCA ONpejieJieHHbIe HAVYUHbICE MPeANOChIIKH HCCJIe- JioBaHusl B ĮįaKHOM HanpaBJienuu. B. IO. Muxanbuenko usyuasa BOrnpocbi pa3BH- THA HAIMOHAJILHO-PYCCKOTO JĮBYSIB3bIuHA, Kacasicb H IV cTyneHH pa3BHTHA JIHTOB- CKO-pyccKoro JiByA3bruns!. Tak, no ee MHeHHIO, „aHaJIH3 aHKeTHOro MaTepHaJIa H JlaHHble Oecejį € HH(OPMAHTAMH CBHJETEIBCTBYIOT O paciinpeHHH OyHKIKĖ BTO- poro si3bIKa Ha uerBeproli CTYMEHH TIO CpaBHeHHIO C JIpyTHMH CTY MEHAMH JBYSA3bI- yu“ („PasBurue ...“, 1976, c. 340). AKTyaJIbHOCTb nocraB/teknoti npobJemMsl, NOTDpeOHOCTb B H3YYEHHH YKa3aHHOTO BOMpOCa MOAYEPKHBAIOTCS H APYTHMH aBTOPaMH. „3aKOHOMepHO, 4YTO Ha COBpe- MEHHOM 3Tafne pa3BHTHA Halllero oOlleCTBa 3HaHHe PYCCKOTO fi3blKa CTAHOBHTCH BHYTPEHHEH INOTpeOHOCTbIO KaXKJOT0 COBETCKOro yesoBeKa, TeM (oJiee crielua- JIMCTA € BhICIIMM ob6pa3oBaHHeM. HeoGxojiuMo npoaHaJiH3HpOBATb AKTVAJIbHbBIE IIpOOJIEeMEI NperiojjaBaHHSA PyCCKOTO i3bIKA B By3aX H CpejįHHX ClelHa/bHbIX 3aBe- JIeHHSIX HalleHd pecilyOJIHKH, HAMeTHTb MYTH JAa/bHEHILIEro YJIYunIEeHHS JTOTO Bax- Horo 3BeHa Ipoilecca OOYUeHHSA H BOCIHTAHHA MO MOATOTOBKE CIEHAJHCTOB" (XKyxkaycexrac K., 1976). PaccMoTpHM npobiiembl yHKIHOHHPOBAHHS PYCCKOTO si3biKa B cdepe BhICILETO 06pa30BaHHs1 Ha OOINIeM (doHe COOTHOIIEHHS OOUIECTBEHHBIX DYKHKIKĖ JHTOBCKOTO H PYCCKOTO fI3bIKOB B pecrnyOJiHKe. B coBerckoe BpeMsi JIMTOBCKHH Hapoj A00HJCS GOJIBILIMX YCMEXOB BO BCeX 06J1aCTSAX SKOHOMHYECKOH, COLHMAJBHOH H KYJbTYPHOH »XH3HH. DTO HE MOrJO 1 Mbl TpHCOeMHAEMCS K BBIJICJICHHIO YETHIPEX CTynNeHeli PasBHTHS ABYS3bIYHS, NpellcTaB- JIEHHOMY B METOJMYECKO# juTepaType H B jpauHoil kuure (,Passutune...“, 1976). 53 He OTpa3HTbCS; HA JIATOBCKOM f3bIKe, OCOOEHHO Ha ero JIeKCHKe, (paseoJiorHH, OKa3aBILIMXCS TOJ BJHSIHHEM HOBBIX SIBJIEHHH B JKM3HH JIHTOBCKOTO Hapopa. Co- BETCKasi JIEHCTBHTEJIbHOCTb, JICHHHCKAsl HallMOHAJIbHAS IIOJIATHKA OTKDbIJIH HOBbIE BO3MOXXHOCTH JIJI51 Pa3BHTHS JIMTOBCKOTO 513bIKa, OCOOEHHO JIA ETO O6IeCTBEHHbIX dynkunė. Ha 22 cep npumenenus, BbiaeneHnbix IO. JĮ. [lemepueBsim (1976, c. 299), B 18 Beayuiasi poJib NPHHAAJEKHT JHTOBCKOMY A3bIKY. Hapsiny ¢ JIHTOBC- KHM BaXXHYIO POJib B 2KH3HH JlHTBbI HrpaeT pyccKHH S3bIK. OCHOBHBIM THIIOM JIBY - A3bIYHSI CTAJIO JIHTOBCKO-pyccKoe JBys3biuve (Buayrupuc A., Kapanionac C., 1972). JIMTOBCKHH A3BIK HCNOJB3yeTCs BO BeeX cdepax obIIeCTBEHHOH H KYJIbTYPHOI XKH3HH pecnyOJIHKH. OH TakKe 5BJSIETCH OCHOBHBIM SI3HIKOM OOyuYeHHSI B By3ax JlurBbi. MOXKHO BbIJIE/IHTH HECKOJIBKO (DYHKIIMH, KOTODBIe BLITIOJNHACT PYCCKHH SI3bIK B c(epe BhICIIEro 0O0pa30BaHHS4;: a) PYCCKHH fA3bIK KaK MPEeJAMEeT MpenojaBaHHs; 6) pYCCKHH 53bIK KaK 3bIK OOy4eHHA; B) PYCCKHH A3bIK KaK CPeJICTBO OBJIafIeHHs CIELHAJIbHOCTbIO; T) PYCCKHH SI3bIK KaK CPEACTBO MEXHALHOHAJBLHOTO OČIEHHA. B 1976/77 yuye6HOM roay B By3ax pecnyGJHKH TPYNMNbl C PYCCKHM SI3bIKOM obyuenus cocraBuau 119%, obuiero uncaa akajgemuyeckux rpynn. Kpome Toro, PYCCKHH f3bIK NPHMEHSETCS B By3aX KaK CPeJCTBO OBJIAJICHHS CNEelLHAJIbHOCTbIO, Tak KaK CIIELHAJIbHOH JIUTePaTypbl Ha JHTOBCKOM Si3blKe MO pa3HbIM OTpACJIAM HayKH HejJocTaToyHo. B pecny6inKe, KOHeYHO, H3jaeTcssi VyueOHas JHTepaTypa Js BbICINHX yueOHbIX 3aBefiennii. B 1970 r. B pecny6aukax Ilpu6Gantuku GbiJiO BoinyiieHo 400 uznanuit Aas By3oB ([lewepues IO. [1., 1976). B nacrosiuee Bpems OYeHb OBLICTPO pacTeT 00beM Hay4YHO-TEXHHYECKOH HHGPOpMalHH, NMO3TOMY BCH OCHOBHAsi MHMPOBasi Hay4HO-NOJIHTHYECKAasl JIHTepaTypa NPaKTHYECKH He MOXKeT ObITH nepeBejieHa Ha S3bIKH COMO3HBIX pecny6JiMK (B TOM 4HCJIE H Ha JIHTOBCKHH si3bIK). Kpome Toro, Gyjtymune criettKaJIHCTbi JIOJIXKHbI O3HAKOMHTbCH C HAYUHbIMH JIOCTHXXEHHSIMH VUYEKLIX APYTHX COIO3HbIX pecny6aukK. Bee 310 cnocoberByer pa3- BHTHIO HALHOHAJbHO-PYCCKOTO JBYf3blUMs, pPACIIHPEHHIO CJOBApPHOro 3amnaca 3a CYyeT CnenHaJIbHOH TepMHHOJIOTHH. HHTepec npeacTaB/isioT BONPOCHI: HACKOJIb- KO IIHPOKO INPHMEHSETCS PYCCKHH #A3bIK KaK CPeACTBO OBJIAJeHHS CITeiIHAJIb- HOCTbIO, KAKOBO COOTHOIIEHHE (PYHKLHI POAHOTO H BTOPOrO A3bIKOB B 3TOH 00/1aCTH, KaKHM OGpa30M pacnpejensitorcsi cdepbl ynorped/eHust pyCCKOTO H JHTOBCKOTO SI3BIKOB. Ouenb TeCHO CBA3aHO HCNOJIb30BaHHe PYCCKOTO si3bIKa B KauecTBe CPeJCTBa OBJIaJIeHHs1 CITELHAJIbLHOCTbIO C NPHMEHEHHeM ero Kak NpejįMeTa NpenojaBaHHs : 663 10CTaTOYHOTO OO beMAa H YPOBHS 3HAHHUH NO PYCCKOMY A3bIKY Oy AYIHi CrienHa- JIHCT He MOKET YHTaTh JIHTEPAaTypy MO COOTBETCTBYIOIIEH OTPAC/AH HayKH, a OHA NepPBOHAYa/IbHO H3/laeTCsl HMEHHO Ha pyCCKOM sidbike. CueloBaTesibHO, OOyuenne PYCCKOMY f3bIKY B By3€, KdK H B IIIKOJIE, JOJIKHO ObITb lleJieHanpaBJ/IeHHbIM. B 1mmpoxom CMBICJIe HEJIbIO OGYUEHHS BTOPOMY SI3bIKY SIBJISIETCS ,lie/IeHaTnpaBJieH - Hoe QopMHpOBaHHE HallMOHAJbHO-pyccKoro OuaunrBuama“ (Kypasaes B. K., 1976). Xors Teopernyeckn IV cTyneHb pasBUTHS HAlHOHAJIbHO-pyCCKOTO BY - A3bIYHA — 3TO YPOBEHb COBEPIUEHHOIO BJIaJeHHS TIEpBbIM H BTOPHIM S13biKAMH, HO B yCJIOBHSX pecny6/MKH BIIOJIHE ONpaB/ibiBaeT ce0si 0O/1HA M3 TIJIaBHBIX 3ajay, KOTODYIO CTaBHT By30oBcKasi nporpamma (,[Iporpamma...“, 1965), — BoCHOJHHTH npoGe/ibl B 3HAHUSIX BTOPOro si3blKa, MOJYYEHHbIX OMJAMHTBAMH Ha TPeJbIAY IHX CTYNEeHAX pa3BHTHA [BYfA3bl4usi. B naHHOM ciaydyae PYCCKHH $I3BIK IOC/IYXHT npeiMeToM npenojiaBanus. IlosTOMY B KOHEUHOM HTOTE rIperiojjaBaHHe PYCCKOTo A3bIKa B By3e sBJISETCS He CAMONEJIbIO, a UEemJIEHAINpaBJIEHHbIM GopMHpOBaHHEM OHJIMHTBH3MA Ha CAMOM BBICOKOH CTYIEHH ero pasBHTHS, T.e. Pa3BUTHE yMeHMIl H HaBbIKOB IONEPEMEHHOTO HCIOJIb30BAaHHSI POJHOTO H PYCCKOro $I3bIKOB B IOBCE- JHEBHOH NPAKTHYECKOH JeTeJbHOCTH. B CBA3H ¢ 3THM aKTyaJbHBIMH OCTAIOTCSA npoGJieMbl HHTEpĖepeHLHH, TaK Kak B NPOLeCce B3aUMOJICHCTBHS A3bIKOB (POHOTO 54 H BTOPOTO) Ha NepBbIil IJIaH BbiCTynaeT BJAHsAHHE POJHOTO s3bika. MHTepdepenuns HEHTPaIH3yeTCsi nperiojjaBaHHeM BTOPOro f3blka B cpejiHeii mKoe. tomy, Gesy- CJIOBHO, CMOCOGCTBYET THIOJIOTHYECKAs OJIH30CTb JIMTOBCKOTO H PYCCKOTO 53bl- KoB. O/[HaKO, Kak MOKasbiBaeT NPAKTHKA, OCTATOYHbIE SBJIEHHA BJIHSHHS POJHOTO 58bIKA HAOJIIOJIAIOTCS H Jlallee, UTO B CBOIO OYepe/ib BJIHSET Ha IIpaBHJIbHOCTb, KYJIb- TYPY peuH CTY/JEHTOB. MoXHO BBIJIETHTL H BTOPYIO BaXKHEHIUYIO 3ajlauy BY30BCKOIO NpenojaBaHus: JOOHTbCSA, YTOObI CTY ICHTHI OBJIAJIEJIKH HAYUHBIM CTHJIEM COOTBETCTBYIOLIEH OTpac- Jin. HMeiomneci nporpaMMel no NPakTHYECKOMY KYpPCY B HEKOTOPOH CTeneHH YKashiBalOT Ha paboTy c npodeccHOHAJbHOH JIEKCHKOH, HO OHa MpejCTaBJjeHa B HEJIOCTATOYHO# Mepe. Y CTaHOBJIEHO, YTO ČOJIbINHHCTBO GHJIHHTBOB 3HAET OCHOBHBIE TEPMHHBI Ha PYCCKOM si3biKe, HO ripHMepHO 169%, obcienoBaHHBIX He BJIAJIEIOT Jl@Xe OCHOBHbIMH PYCCKHMH TepMHHAaMH 110 CBOEH CNENHaJbHOCTH, YTO NPaKTH- YECKH JIHILAeT HX BO3MOXKHOCTH NOJIb30BATbCSA BTODbIM A3bIKOM B IPOLIECCE OBJIA- JleHHsi CBOeH CNeuHaabHOCThIO (,,PasButhe...“, 1976, c. 339). Ato oTpHUATENBLHO BJIHSIeT Ha MOJATOTOBKY OYAYLIHX CMelHaJHCTOB, TaK KaK HET CIIelHaJbHOH JIH- TEpaTypbl MO Pa3HbIM OTPAC/AM HayKH B IIOJIHOM OO bemMe. Beraer npo6jieMa cocTaB/ieHHs C/I0BAPHOTO (TEDMHHOJIOTHYeCKOTO) MHHHMYMa, HeOGXOJIM MOTO J/Isi YTEHHS CIelHaJbHON JIHTepaTyphbl Ha BTOpoM sidbike. He uay- YEH BOTIPOC OMNpeJeJIeHHsl POJIH HHTEPHALHOHAJILHOH JIEKCHKH B NPOLIECCe UTEHHA H BOCIPHATHSA TEKCTOB MO CHelHaJbHOCTH. BeisiBiennio 3Toro Bonpoca MOTH Obl CNIOCOGCTBOBATH HCCJ/I€0BAHHE TEPMH- HOJIOTHYECKOTO MHHHMYMa, OTpejie/ieHHe siipa TEPMHHOJIOTHH OT/IEJIbHbIX OTpaC- Jie HayKH, 6e3 KOTOPbIX NpodeCcCHOHANbHOE OČINEHHe Ha BTOPOM S3bIKe H UTEHHE CIeLHAJIbHOH JIHTePATypbl HEBO3MOXKHAI. 3aecb HEOOXOAMMBI CIIelHa/IbHbIe KHCCJIEJĮOBAHHA, HAaNpaB/IeHHble HA BbijeJe- HHE TEDMHHOJIOTHYECKOTO MHHHMY Ma, Ha H3yYeHHe YPOBHSI YCBOEHHS ero CTY JeH- Tami. C ZApyTo#l CTOPOHBI, BaXKHO yCTAHOBHTH, NOHHMAET H MOMET JIH CTV/IEHT nepeaTh Ha BTOPOM 5i3blKe TEKCT IIO CBOEH CIIeLHaIbHOCTH, BHICTYIHTh C coobliie- HHEM H T.J. Pycckuii s3bik Ha IV cryneHH pasBHTHSI HALHOHAJIbLHO-PYCCKOTO JBYSI3bIYHS, NO HALIHM HAOJIKOJIEHHSAM, IPHMEHSIETCS H KaK CPeJCTBO OOyuYeHHsl, H KaK cpejc- TBO Me>*KHALIHOHAJIbHOTO OOLIeHH85. ČrietitudH ka COBpeMEHHOMH CTY IeHUECKOIl XKH3HH (oGyualonine H Mo3HaBaTe bible SKCKYPCHH, HHTEPHALHOHA/IbHbIE CBS3H, Pa3BHTHE CNOPTHBHOTO JĮĮBH?KEHHSA, XYIOXKECTBEHHOH CAMOJIESTEJIbHOCTH, paboTa B CTY /AEH- UYECKHX CTPOHTEJbHbIX OTPSi/laX, MHOTOHALHOHAJbHBIE AKAJIEMHUECKHE KOJIJIEKTH- Bb H JIp.) BO MHOTOM CIOCOGCTBYIOT 3TOMY. Heo6x0jįHMO BbISCHHTb CĖOepbi pH Me- HEHHsI. PYCCKOTO A3blKa KaK CPeJICTBA MEXKHAIHOHAJBHOTO OČINEHHA, ONPEeeHTh, JI KAKHX BH JIOB peueBoh Iesi Te/IbHOCTH (4TeHHe, ay AHPOBaHue, NHCbMO) XapaKTep- HO HCNOJIb30BAHHE 53blKA MEXKHAIMOHAJIbHOTO OOLIEHHS B CTYJEHUECKOH Cpee. BrisiB/ienne oco6enHoCTelt HCTIONTb30BAHKSI Py CCKOTO SI3bIKA aKTYaJbHO, TAK KaK Ha COBPEMEHHOM 3Tare pa3BHTHA COLHOJIHHTBHCTHKH He HCCJ/I€I0BaHbI ETO QYHKIHH B OTJAeJbHBIX cdepaXx npuMeHeHHs. Takne Mcc/IeloBaHMs, BEPOSITHO, ONpPeeAT (hakTOpBI, BUIHSIOLIHE HA OCHOBHbIE MOMEHTBI H COJAepXKaHHE OOVUEHHA, a TaKiKe noMoryT NpPenoAaBaTe lo NOCTPOHTL CBOIO PafoTy CO CTYJIEHTAMH Tak, UTOObI OHH B rpouecce 06yueHHs] PYCCKOMY S3bIKY MPHOOpEIH Te S3bIKOBble 3HAHHS H Ha- BbIKH, KOTODbIe ABJAIOTCS HanOoJiee BažKHbIMH B JlaJibHelllleli pak THYECKOH Jes - TeNbHOCTH. Baxno H TeopeTHueckoe 3HaueHHe Takoro mccseaoBaHHsi. [leTasbHoe, yriaybiaeHHoe H3yueHHe COCTOSIHHSI NpHMEHeHHS PYCCKOTO $I3blKa B JIaHHOM cepe noMorjio Gbl yKasaTh Ha BO3MOXKHbBIE MYTH ONTHMH3AlMH MpoOLecca H3Y- YeHHs BTOPOTO S13bIKA, YTO CIIOCOGCTBOBAJIO Obl MOBBILEHHIO KYJAbTYPbl PEUH. CraBsi Bonpoc 0 yHKUHOHHPOBAHHH $I3BIKOB B TOI WJM HHOII cepe, caeayer YUHTHIBATh CBOe0Opa3He Ka 10H H3 HHX, BO3MOXKHOCTb HJIH HEBO3ZMOXKHOCTD KOJIH- 55 uecTBeHHOH HHTepripeTanHH CTATHCTHUeCKHX jįakHHbIx. Tak, KoJiuuecTBeHHO6 BLIpAXKEHHE HCCJIEe/ĮOBAHHS INpHMEHHTeJIbHO K OT/IEJIbHbLIM cdepaM TpHMEHeHHS PYCCKOTO s3bIKa OyjleT pa3/IHUHO, TaK Kak caMH CĖepbi pa3jiHualoTCA M0 Xapak- Tepy H oxBaTy. EcJiH HecnoJIb30BaHHe PYCCKOTO ;5i3bIKa KaK CpejcTBa OOYuUeHHSA KaCaeTCA JIKINb HEKOTOPBIX CTYIEHTOB H MOXKHO TOYHO VCTAHOBHTb ETO IapaMeTDpBli, TEH/IEHIHH pa3BHTHSA, TO MPHMEHEHHE pyCCKOTO f3blKa KaK CPeJCTBA MEXKHAIHO- HAJbHOTO OOLIEHWSI OYeHb TPYJAHO MOJIAeTCH KOJIHUECTBEHHOH HHTEp IpPEeTalnH : AHKeTHbIE ĮĮAHHbICE MEHee TOYHO MPeJCTaBJSIOT KAPTHHY INOJAPOGHOTO HCIOJIB30- BaHHSA PYCCKOTO si3blKa. B OTHOIIEHHSI C PYCCKHM A3bIKOM Kak MpeIMEeTOM npe- nojiaBAHHS H KaK CPeJCTBOM OBJIAJICHHS CITenIHAJIbHOCTbIO BCTYNAIOT BCE CTY- JIeHTHl H HMEHHO TaKoe (PYHKIHOHHPOBAHHE 3TOTO A3bIKA HACTOSITEJIbHO [HKTYET HeOOXOJĮHMOCTb BHISIBJIEHHSI B3aHMOJEHCTBHSI $I3LIKOB B TIpOlnecce OOYYEHHS, npoOJIeM PYCCKOTO si3blKa Kak CpejįCTBA MEXHAILHOHAJILHOTO OOIIEHHS. Tak kak He Bce yualHecss CpeJHEH INKOJIbi AOCTATOYHO XOPOIIO OBJIANEBAIOT YPOBHEM Da3BHTHSI HalHOHA/JIbHO-pyccKoro mBysi3biada III crynenn (Maxy- mac O., 1969; Muxaabuenko B., 1971), ocraercst akrya/ibHoH npobiema B3aHMO- JIE» CTBHSA A3BIKOB, BJIHAHHSA POJIHOTO f3blKa HA PYCCKYIO peub CTyAeHTOB. B peun GHJIHHTBOB BCTPEUAIOTCHA OTK/JIOHEHHS Ha (POHETHUECKOM, JIEKCHYECKOM, Ipamma- THYECKOM H CTHJIHCTHYECKOM ypoBHAX (,,PasButme...*, 1976, c. 336 —340). Ox- HaKO B OTVIHYHE OT CpelįHeH IIKOJIbI 10J00HBIE OTKJIOHEHHA CBOHCTBEHHBLI HE BCEM CTYJEHTaM, a JIHINb TeM, KOTODbIE B HeJIOCTATOYHOH CTeleHH OBJIAJIEJIH HOP MaTHB- HOH pyccko#t peubio. [ToaTomy BecbMa akTya/IbHBEIM SIBASIETCS BbIsICHEHHE: a) Hac- TOTHOCTH OTKJ/IOHEHHH Ha Dpa3JIHYKHbIX YPOBHAX; G) COLMAJbHBIX NapaMeTpoB, ONpeeJsIoNuX COXpaHeHHe HHTepheperuun IrIOCJIe IV cTyneHu pasBUTHS HAIKHO- HaJIbHO-PYCCKOTO JBYf3SBIYHA; B) POJH BY30BCKOTO OOYYEHHS BTOPOMY Si3bIKY B (OPMHPOBaHHH HABLIKOB CTYJEHTOB B OOJIACTH OBJIAJIEHHS HAVUHbIM CTHJIEM, TEPMHHOJIOTHEH COOTBETCTBYIOLIEH OTPAcJH HayKH; T) rpaMMaTHYECKHX TeM, HEJIOCTATOUHOE yCBOEHHE KOTOPHIX BbI3biBaeT HHTEp(DepeHuHIO; 1) crnennduKka npo- ABJIEHHS HHTEpĖepeHIHH B 06/1aCTH OBJIAJIEHHS HAYUHbIM CTHJIEM. BeyteJienne ĮĮBYX MOMEHTOB B IIpOlL[eCcCe 0GyueHHs pyCCKOMY S3bIKY (BOCMOJIHE- HUE IIpOOeJIOB B 3HAHHAX BTOPOTO A3bIKA, IIOJIY4eHHbIX OHJIHHTBAMH Ha Ipellbi- JYUIHAX CTYMNEHsX Pa3sBHTHA HALHOHAJIbHO-DYCCKOTO JBYSI3bIruHA, a TaKXe [po- GsieMa OBJIAJIEHHA HAYYHBIM CTHJIEM, TEDMHHOJIOTHYeCKHM MHHHMYMOM), Ha Halll B3TJISIJĮ, IB/ISI€TCS OUEHb BAXKHBIM H AKTVAJIbHbIM, TAK KaK HMEHHO OHH OTNDpEJIEJISIOT CIONetLHOHKY BY30BCKOTO OOy4eHHSI PYCCKOMY $I3bIKY B HaCTOSINIHĖ IIEpHOJĮ. Takas mmpokas nmocraHoBKa BOMPOCA, KOTJA YYHTHIBAETCS (hak THYECKOE CO- CTOSIHME MPUMEHEHHsI PYCCKOTO 13bIKA B OOJIAaCTH BhICLIET0 00pa3oBaHMs, MO3BO- JIHJIA Obl HE TOJILKO OMPEeTHTh OCHOBHbIE ODINECTBEHHbIE OVHKUŪUKH P YCCKOTO fi3bi- Ka, OCHOBHBIE Cdephl MPosiB/IeHHs HHTEp(bepeHLHH, HO H B KOHEYHOM HTOTE Hay4YHO 0GOCHOBaTb PEKOMEH/JAUHH MO MOCTPOEHHIO [POTPAMMbI MPAKTHYECKOTO Kypca PYCCKOTO SI3bIKa. Jiuteparypa Kruopas J. Lietuvių literatūrinės kalbos vystymasis praeityje ir tarybiniais metais. — Kn.: Lie- tuvių kalba tarybiniais metais. V., 1967. Bunyrupuc A., Kapamonac €. K Bonpocy o munax asysassiuus B Jlutosekoit CCP. — B ku.: Ilpo6jieMhi JĮBŲ Si3b1u4HSI H MHOTOsI3bIuMA. M., 1972. Aewepues 10. JĮ. 3akonomepHOCTH pa3BHTHA A3LIKOB B COBeTCKOM ofutectse. — M., 1966. Aewepues IO. JĮ. IlpočjieMhi hyHKUHOHAIBHOTO pa3BHTHA A3LIKOB H 3a/]au COLHO/JIHHTBHCTH- Ki. — B kH.: S135IK H OGugecTBO. M., 1968. HAewepues IO. JĮ. 3akoHOMEPHOCTH pa3BHTHS JUTEPATYPHBIX A3bIKOB HapojioB CCCP B coBeTcKyio anoxy. Pa3BuTrHe o6mecTBeHHBIX (DyKHKOUHĖŪ JUTEpaTYpHBIX S135IKOB. — M., 1976. XKykayckac K. CosepiuencrByeM obyuenue pycckoMy sasiky. — Tarybinė mokykla, 1976, Nr. 4. 56 YKypasBurėp B. K. Ilpunuukn ysera coorHnomeHHA OyKHKuKH pyccKOro si3bIKA H pO/ĮHOTO H3bIKA B METO/IHKE NnperiojlaBsaHHS PyCCKOro si3bika HepycckuM. — B ku.: Te3Hcbi ĮOKJI. Hayy. KOHO. Hanbuuk, 1976. Maxyauc O. O6 unTepdepeHuun npu H3yueHHH rJAroJ0B Tipomejnurero BpeMeHd. — B Ki. : 3a Passaic METOJHKH OOyueHHsI PyCCKOMY f3bIKY H JiMTepaType B JIHTOBCKOH mkose. Kay- Hac, 1969. Muxaabyenko B. 10. OcoGennocTn peur ywamuxcst B yCJIOBUSIX JHTOBCKO-PYCCKOTO ABYS3bi- uns. — B ku.: B3aaumopeiicTBue 535IKOB B mpouecce ofyuenusi. Buabhioc, 1971. Muxaabuenko B. IO. O dykkunoKHpoBaHHH s36ikos B JIntosckoit CCP. — B ku. : Counomuramc- THYECKHe NpoGJIeMkI paspiBalomuxcs crpad. M., 1975. Tlporpamma 110 npakTHUECKOMY KypCY PYCCKOrO f3bIKA JIS HALHOHAJIbHbIX FPY IT BY30B COIO3- HBIX H aBTOHOMHBIX pecny6auk. — M., 1965 PassurHe HanHoHAJIbHO-pyCCcKOro aAsysabuns. — M., 1976. Kadenpa pycckoro sizsika [sy asiicKuit ne arornyecKuit HHCTHTY T uM. K. Ilpefikuraca RUSŲ KALBOS FUNKCIONAVIMO IR DĖSTYMO LIETUVOS TSR AUKŠTOJO MOKSLO SFEROJE KLAUSIMU Reziumė Rusų kalba Lietuvos TSR aukštojo mokslo sferoje atlieka šias funkcijas: a) ji yra dėstymo daly- kas, b) 11% akademinių grupių mokymosi kalba, c) specialybės įsisavinimo ir d) tautų bendravi- mo priemonė. Norint nustatyti pagrindines rusų kalbos visuomenines funkcijas, interferencijos pasi- reiškimo pagrindines sferas ir ypač moksliškai pagrįsti rusų kalbos praktinio kurso ir programos sudarymo rekomendacijas, siūloma išaiškinti štai ką: a) nukrypimų nuo norminės rūsų kalbos daž- numą fonetikoje, leksikoje, gramatikoje ir stilistikoje, b) socialinius parametrus, sąlygojančius in- terferencijos išlikimą, įsisavinus IV laipsnio lietuvių-rusų dvikalbystę (baigus aukštąją mokyklą), €) antrosios (rusų) kalbos mokymosi reikšmę aukštojoje mokykloje, formuojant studentų moksli- nio stiliaus ir atitinkamos mokslo šakos įsisavinimo įgūdžius, d) gramatines temas, kurias nepa- kankamai įsisavinus, pasireiškia interferencija, e) interferencijos pasireiškimą, įsisavinant moks- linį stilių.