О некоторых семантических проблемах научной терминологии
Full text
Hamp.: B JIATbINICKOM sI3bIKe 32aHMCTBOBAHbI AHTJIHIKH3MBEI parkings — Anas Ha-
3BaHHsl OJHOTO H3 BHJOB aBTOMOOHJbLHBIX CTOSIHOK, Rruizs — JJ Ha3BaHHSA
OJIHOTO H3 BHJOB NyTeleCTBHit Ha KopabJe, bermudi — jis Ha3BaHHA OjHOTrO
H3 BH/ĮOB MOJHBIX OpIOK, rums— JŲIS Ha3BaHHSA OJIHOTO M3 BHAOB HAMHTKOB,
rauts — JJ Ha3BaHUA OJHOTO M3 BHJIOB Npa3/iHOBAHHĖ, ŠOUS — Aaa Ha3Ba-
HHSl OJIHOrO M3 BHJOB MpeACTaBJIEHHI.
Ho, c oxHoit cTOpOHBI, He BCe HCKOHHBIE CJOBA B SI3bIKAX MHOTO3HAYHHL.
B cJioBapsx aaThUICKOro A3bIKa C OJHHM 3HAYEHHEM JalOTCs, HANDp., JaThill-
CKHe cJIiOBa abele ¢abaona», acenes couku», alksnene czopvkywras, apausi
«HedoYy300K», augajs «pacrurenbHocTb>. B si3biKe MOKHO KOHCTATHpOBATb
TeMATHUeCKHe IPYNNbl CJIOB, JŲIS KOTOPHIX HE3aBHCHMO OT HX CBOES3BIYHOTrO
HJIH HHOSI3BIYHOrO NPOHCXOXKIEHHS XapakTepHa OJAHO3HAYHOCTb, HAMp.: Ha-
3BaHHA BHAOB cnopra — basketbols «6Gacker6oa», volejbols <csoareiiboas,
dambrete «wawru», burūšana «napycuoui cnopr», rokasbumba «pyunoii
MAY»; Ha3BaHH5A JlepeBbeB, LBETOB H JAPYrHX pacTeHHiū — plūme «causa,
acalija casaaun», balanda «mapo> wu np.
C npyrojit CTOPOHBI, MHOTHe 3aHMCTBOBAHHS, HMEIONIHE B 53bIKE-OpHTHHAJIE
GojJiee obllee 3HAYEHHE H SBJISIOLIHECS TAM HEpe/IKO TAaKXe IIOJIHCEMHYHbIMH
CJIOBAMH, B YCJIOBHAX COBPEMEHHBEIX OOINHDHbIX 5135IKOBLIX KOHTAKTOB 4epe3
HeKOTOpOe BpeMs IIpHOOpeTaIOT MHOTO3HAUHOCTb H B 3aHMCTBYIOIEM S3HIKe.
Hanp., B pycckoM si3bike AHTJIHILH3M Kpyu3 YNOTpeOJISETCS He TOJIbKO AAs
0603HaueHHA1 NyTELICCTBHA Ha KopalJie, HO H JŲIA HA3BAHHA ABHAMYTEIIECT-
BH H JlaXke — MO€3JIKH IO Tropojdy Ha KOHHOM 3KHNaxė. BoeHHBIi Tepmun
Kamypasoe npuobpen Gojice obuiee 3HaueHHe MACKHPOBKH BOOGIE. Aurjiu-
uusMom bermudi B npakTHKe JIATbILICKOTO si3blKa 0603HAYAIOTCS HE TOJBKO
TNOJY/VIHHHBIE JKeHCKHe OPIOKH C OTBOPOTAMH, HO TaK¥Ke H JJIHHHBIE GPIOKH
onpejiesieHHOro ¢acona, npuueM Kak ¢ OTBOPOTaMH, Tak H 6e3 Hux. He umeer
3HAYEHHS OHOrO ONpej/leJIeHHOTO BH/1a KOPOTKHX GPIOK H aHIVIHIH3M WOPTHL.
B ABYX 3Ha4YeHHSX B JIATHIUICKON HAYYHOH TEPMHHOJOTHH 3aKPeIJieH AHTJIH-
uK3M dizains: |) «xyjoxecTrBeHHOe KOHCTPYHPOBaHHe» H 2) «Xy/A0XKeCTBEH-
HOE NPOEKTHPOBaHHE» 12,
MHOro3HaYHOCTL H HEYCTONYHBOCTb CEMAHTHKH XapaKTepHA H JIS MHOTHX
HHTEPHAUHOHAJIBHBIX 3aHMCTBOBAHHH, NOCTPOEHHBIX Ha TDpeKO-JIATHHCKON
ocHoBe. Co BpeMeHeM H3MEHHJIOCH 3HaUeHHe HHTePHAIHOHAJH3MOB KOHYEpT,
KOHKYpe, manugect, nasueayus, napad, TakTuka u Ap. B pa3JinuKbIX 3Have-
HHSX YNOTpeOJISIOTCH HHTePHANHOHAMH3MBl @pMarypa, KyasTypa, mopgoro-
eufl, peakyus Hu Ap. B JaTHUICKOM A3BIKe JJIsi HA3BAHHSA ONpPEACJEHHBIX MPO-
MEXYTKOB BpeMeHH HCIIOJIb30BaHbI HHTePHAUHOHAJMH3MBI epoha (ans Ha3Ba-
HHSl JUIHTEJBHOrO MepHojAa C OCOObIM 3HAUYEHHEM B XH3HH YeJoBeuecTsa),
13 Jlio6onstTHo, 4TO B JHTOBCKHX TePMHHOJOTHYECKHX HCCACNOBAHHAX SKBHBAJCHTOM
aHrJAHACKOro cosa designer B PycCKOM SA3bIKe AAETCS PYCCKOE COBO YePTeaHuK, a B JH-
TOBCKOM — JIHTOBCKOe draižytojas (cm., wanp.: Kayanakene A. IO. Kamsku B cospe-
MeHHOH JIHTOBCKOH TeXHHuecKoil TepMHHOJIOTHH: ABToped. AMC. ... KaHA. OHJOJL HAYK.—
Buasnioc, 1983, c. 11).
141