Словообразовательное калькирование как способ образования современных литовских физико-технических терминов

MOKSLO KALBOS KULTŪROS IR TERMINOLOGIJOS PROBLEMOS LIETUVIŲ KALBOTYROS KLAUSIMAI, XXIV(1985) AHTEJIE KAYJ/IAKEHE CJIOBOOBPA30BATEJIbHOE KAJIbKHPOBAHHE KAK CIIOCOB O5PA3OBAHHS COBPEMEHHBIX JIUTOBCKHUX PU3UKO-TEXHUYECKHUX TEPMHHOB 1. Beoausie 3aMeyanus 1.1. CorJiacHo yTBepKAEHHAM HCCJIe0BaTeNell PYCCKOH JIEKCHKOJIOTHH (B. M. Hepubaca, JI. II. Edpemona, B. B. Upanosa, K. ®aekenmreiina, H. M. Ilancxoro, JĮ. H. IliMeseBa H Ap.) KaJibkHpoBaHHe — JTO HE MexaHH- 4ecKOe KONHpOBAHHe, a TBOPYECKHUH IIpOHeCC, OTpaxAaIOIIHĖ B CBOEM pe3yJIb- „Tare B TOM HAH HHOKH Mepe OCOGEHHOCTH KaK CBOEro, Tak H UYKOTO ;3biKa. Takum o6pasomM, B HTOre KAJIbKHDOBAHHS JIHTOBCKAS JIEKCHKA (B TOM UKHCJIE H JMTOBCKas (DH3HKO-TEeXHHUeCKa; TEDMHHOJIOTHA) o6oramjaercs HOBBIMH JIEKCHYUECKHMH H CeMaHTHYCCKHMH eIHHHIAMH, a B OTEJIbHbIX CJyYasix H HO- BHIMH CJIOBOOOpA30BATEJILHbIMH noaTHnaMu. OJHAKO CYHTATh KaJIbKHpOBA- HHe OJHHM H3 OCHOBHBIX CpeACTB OOOralleHHs CJIOBapsi JIHTOBCKOTO si3biKa BCe Ke Heuib3si. Cae 10BaTebHO, HpONECC KaJbKHPOBAHHS H ero Pe3yabTaT — KaJbKH — B JIHTOBCKOM S$I3BIKE 11€J1€6CO00pa3HO OLEHHBATh Kak SIBJEHHE, OT- YaCTH aKTHBH3HpYIOLIee HEKOTOphle JIEKCHYECKHE H CEMaHTHYECKHE BO3MOXK- HOCTH JIHTOBCKOTO 5I3BIK4. : 1.2. IlpH KaabKHPOBaHHH JHTOBCKHX (H3HKO-TeXHHUYECKHX TEpDMHHOB 3a- HMCTBYeTCSHA CJIOBOOOpasoBaTesbHasi HJIH CeMaHTHUeCKas MOTHBHDpOBAHHOCTb " HHOSI3BIYHOTO TepMHHAa, a CTpOHTeJIbHbIĖ MaTepHaJi (3BYKH, KOpHH, aOOHKCI H CJIOBa) npHBJIeKAeTCSA H3 JIKTOBCKOTO si3biKa. IlosTOMY nenecoo6pasHo CUKH- TaTb, YTO TEDpMHHbI-KAJIbKH 3aHHMAIOT IPOMEXKYTOYHOE NOJIOXeHHe MEXAY „HCKOHHO JIHTOBCKOH H 3AaHMCTBOBAHHOHK (PH3HKO-TeXHHUECKOH TEDMHHOJIEK- CHKOJi. 1.3. CymuocTh KaJbKHPOBaHHS COCTOHT B TOM, YTO OHO TOXJIECTBEHHLIMH HJIH OJIH3KHMH SISBIKOBBIMH Cpe/ICTBAMH BOCIIDOH3BOJIHT MOTHBHDOBAHHOCTS, CTpyKTYDpy, a TeM CaMbIM H COjĮepxaHHe KaJbKHpyeMOro OGbeKTa. CreneHs TOYHOCTH H a/IeKBATHOCTH IIepejįauH KaJbKHPYeMOro OObeKTA IPH 3TOM 3a- BHCHT OT CTPYKTYPHl H CEMaHTHKH CJIOB OGOHX SI3bIKOB. B JINTOBCKO# (H3H- KO-TeXHHYECKOH TePMHHOJIEKCHKE BCTPEYalOTCs CJEAVIOIIHe TPYNIBl KaJjek: CJIOBO00pa30BaTeJIbHbIe, CeMAHTHUeCKHe, (paseosornueckue, cocrasubie. Io CTENEeHH aJleKBaTHOCTH H TOYHOCTH K KaJbKHPyeMOMY OGBEKTYy JlaHHbIE TDYTNI- IIbI KaJI€K elle MOXKHO pa3jĮeJIHTb Ha NOATPYIIHL. 67 1.4. B nanHoii crarbe Ha Oa3e Tpex COBPEMEHHBIX TepMHHOJIOTHYeCKHX caoBapeii: «Rusy-lietuviy kalbų politechninis Zodynas» (1959) — Pyccko- JIHTOBCKHII MOJUTeXHHYECKHH caoBapb, «Rusy-lietuviy-angly kalbų skaicia- vimo technikos terminų Zodynas» (1971) — Pyccko-IHTOBCKO-aHIVIHHCKHH TEDMHHOJIOTHYUECKHH CJIOBADb MO BbIuUKHCJIHTEJIbHOH TexHuKe H «Fizikos termi- nų žodynas» (1979) — CnoBapb (HhH3HYECKHX TEpMHHOB (JIHTOBCKO-pYyCCKO- AaHTrJIO-HEeMEIIKHe TepMHHBI) ! npejiJiaraeTesi GoJIiee nOJIpoOHOE HCCJIe/ĮJOBaHHe TOJIbKO OJIHOH TpYNIINbi KaJeK — T. €. CJIOBO060pa30BaTeJIbHbIX, KOTOpbIe CO- CTABJISIOT OKOJIO 60% Bcex KaJIeK, IIpHBeJIEHHbIX B JaHHBIX CJIOBaps1xX. O0b- EKTOM HCCJIe/IOBAHHS SIBJISIIOTCS KaJIbKH-CYLeCTBHTEJbHbIE H KAJIbKH-I1pHJIa- raTeJibHble. 2. AHaau3 cJI0B000pa30BaTeAbHbIX KAJIEK 2.1. CnoBo0o6pa30BaTrejibHoe KaJbKHPOBaHHE — JIByCTOPOHHEe S;BJIeHHe: C OJIHOH CTOPOHBI OOpalleHHOe K CBOeMY OObeKTY, 10 OTHOIIEHHIO K KOTOPOMY OHO TIpeJCTaBJsieT cOGOH mepeBoj], a C Pyro CTOPOHEI — K CBOEMY pe3yJib- TaTy, NO OTHOLIEHHIO K KOTOPOMY OHO TpejcTaBJsieT co6o# CcJIOBO06pa30Ba- nue. Takum oGpasom, isi KiaacCH(GHKAIHH CJIOBOO6pa30BAaTeJIbHbIX KAaJIEK IteJ1eCc006pa3HO CCHLIATHCS Ha JBa KJAacCHQHKAIHOHHBIX NpHHIKHINa: 1) OTHO- [IeHHEe KaJbKH K KaJbKHPyeMOMy OOBEKTy H 2) OTHOLIEHHEe KaJIbKH K CO- OTBETCTBYIOHUIEMY CJIOBY JIHTOBCKOTO SI3bIKA. 9.1.1. Ilo OTHOIIEHHIO K KAaJbKHPYeMOMY OGbeKTY CJIOBOO06pa30BaTeJIbHbIe KaJbKH MOJKHO Dpa3JIeJIHTb Ha CJIeJlyIONIIHe MOJArpynnbl: TOUHbIEe H HeTOJKHbIC (no ceMaHTHKe), a/leKBaTHBIE H HeajleKBATHbIe (TIO cJ10BOO6Pa30BaHHIO), KOC- BeHHEIe H HenOcpejicTBeHHbIe (0 MPOHCXOXAeHH!0). OueHb 4acTo MOA Tep- MHHAMH TOYHAS KAAbKQ Hi HETOYHAS KAAbKa TOJPa3yMeBalOTCd CTPYKTYPHO ajleKBaTHBIE HJIH CTPYKTYPHO HeaJleKBaTHble CJIOBOOOpa3oBaTeJbHEIE KaJlb- ku 2. TepMHHAMH TOYHAA KAAbKA Hi HETOYHAA KaAbKA 1esecoo6pasHo HMEHO- BATH TOJIbKO CEMAHTHUECKH TOUHBIE H CEMAHTHUECKH HeTOUKbIe KaJIbKH. B CBS- 3H C TeM, UTO B JaHHOM CJIyuae peub HAeT OO HIeHTHYHOCTH HJIH HeHJIEHTHYKHO“ CTH KAJIbKH KaJIbKHpyeMOMY OOBEKTy IO cIIocOGY cJIOB006pa30BaHus, TakHėe NOArpPyMNIbl KaJIeK HeJieco06pa3Hee HMeHOBATb adek8aTHbiMu KAaAbKAMU H HeaoeKkB8aTHoIMU KAAbKAMU. | i CM. CNKHCOK COKpaLlCHHH. 2 Cu: Baxuna H. H. Pycckue KaJibkH B KHprH3CKOM JIHTepaTypHOM 5133bIKe.— Yu. san. Kupr. xenck. mex. Hu-Ta uv. B. B. Maskosckoro. Cep. ¢uion. Hayk, 1963, Buin. 7, c. 5; Bapaeaussu A. K. @®panuysckue JIeKCHYeCKHe 3aHMCTBOBAHHS H KaJbKH B sanajHOapMAHCKOM JiKTepaTypHOM sismke. (Ha MarepuaJie nepesoios npousseaennii B. I'io- ro): Asroped. amc. ... Kaui. OHJIOJI. Hayk.— EpesaH, 1975, c. 21; Oepubac B. M. O 3aHMCTBOBAHHH H KAJbKHPOBAHHH NMPOH3BOJAHEIX CJIOB B PYCCKOM si3blKe (Ha MaTepHaJIe NPHCTABOYHO-CYPPHKCANBHEIX cyntecTBHTeJIbHbIX).— B KH.: DTHMOJIOTHYECKHe HCCJIe/ĮOBaHHSA no pycckKoMy si3siKy. M., 1972, sum. 7, c. 72; HapkeBHY H. O. KasskupoBanubie CcJIOBA pyccKoro MPOHCXOXKJIEHHs B COBPEMEHHOM HEMELKOM SI3bIKe: AsTtoped. AuC. ... KaHA. OHJIOJI. nayk.— Kuen, 1973, c. 17; OcHoBbi TEODHH JIEKCHYECKOr0 KaJbKHPOBAHHA: Yu. nocobue.— Anma-Ara: Usa-so KasI'V, 1974, c. 103. 68 HenocpejtcTBeHHbIMH CUHTAIOTCS! TaKHe KAJIbKH, KOTODBIE HenOCpejlcTBEH- HO KaJIbKHPOBaHBI C APYroro si3bika, Hamp., ¢ pyccKoro (HeJdo1Uu6—>neprie- pyla (PJIIIC 223), naameyrosureav—sliepsnogaudis (PJITIC 283)), c He- menkoro (Neusilber—snaujasidabris (PJITIC 223), Uberspannung—ant- jtampis (PJITIC 274, TCBT 185)), c aurumiickoro (subsequence—»posekis (TCBT 197), sky-craper—s>dangoraizis (PJITIC 222)) u T. a. Oanako ycra- HOBJICHHE KOCBEHHbIX KAJIEK sIBJSIETCS 4acTO 3aTPYAHHUTEJIbHBIM, IIOCKOJIBKY BO MHOTHX CJIy4asix pyCCKHH KaJIbKHPYeMBlii OObeKT KaJieK, NPHBEAEHHBIX B JHTOBCKHX (DH3HKO-TeXHHUECKHX CJIOBApsiX, HMEET COOTBETCTBHA aHAaJOTHY- HOH CTPYKTYPHl H CEMaHTHKH B JAPYTHX S3bIKAaX (AHTJIHHCKOM, HEMEIKOM, ¢panunysckom), Hanp.: puslaidininkis (PJIIIC 305, C®T 238, TCBT 202) «<-pyc. noaynposodnux| aura. semiconductor|ppaunu. semiconducteur, priesstiprintuvis (TCBT 333)<pyc. npedycuaurears||nem. Vorverstirker H T. A. JlanHble KaJbKH MOTYT OBITh KaK HENOCPeJCTBEHHbIE — C PYCCKOrO, aHTJIHHCKOTO, HEMEIKOr0 HJIH ()PaHIy3CKOTO S13bIKOB, TAK H KOCBEHHbIE, IIO- naBINHe B JIHTOBCKYIO (PH3HKO-TEXHHYECKYIO TEDMHHOJIOTHIO Yepe3 INIOCpe/IHHK, T. €. pyccKHH f3bK. CjiejįOBaTeJIbHO, B ĮĮAaHHOM CJlyuae HeNOCpe/lCTBEHHOCTb H KOCBEHHOCTb TAKHX KAJIEK SBJSIOTCS pEJIATHBHbIMH. 2.1.2. Ilo oTHonuIeHHIO K COOTBETCTBYIONIIEeMY CJIOBY JIHTOBCKOTO S13bIKA CJIO- B006pa30BATeJIbHbIe KaJbKH Dpa3jieJieHbi Ha DpeaJIbHbie H PeJsTHBHBIE, HJIH HHAYKTH. [Toa TepMHHOM UHOYKT TOJLpa3yMeBAIOTCS TaKHE HEOJIOTH3MEI, KO- TODpEIe IIO OTHOLIEHHIO K KAJIBKHDYEMOMY OOBEKTY MOMKHO CUHTATh KaJbKaMH, a IO OTHOWIEHHIO K COOTBETCTBYIOIIEMY CJIOBY JHTOBCKOTO SI3bIKA — IIPOH3- BOJHBIMH CJOBaMH. B rpynny TakHX HHAYKTOB BKJIIOYEHH: 1) TEDMHHHI, CJIO- B00Opa30BATEeJIbHbIe MOATHIB KOTOPHIX COBMAJalOT CO CJIOBOOOpa30BATEJIb- HbIMH MOATHIAMH TEPMHHOB JIpyTHX S13bIKOB (Hanp.: iSkrautuvas (PJITIC 344) «pyc. pasepymcaresrs|uem. Auslader| aura. discharger, viniatraukis (PJITIC 65) «pyc. 2603000ép); 2) HeOJIOTH3MEI, He HMEIOIIHE NPSIMBEIX COOT- BETCTBHH CJIOBOOGPa30BaTEJNbHBIX NMOATHNOB B JAPYTHX $I3bIKax, HO CJIOBOOG- pa30BaTeJIbHbIė AHAJIH3 KOTOPHX KOCBEHHO YyKa3blBaeT Ha 3TH IOATHIH (Hanp.: caoBooGpasoBaTeJbHblii HHAYKT farpumatis — wyn, cp. CJIOXHYIO CJIOBO06pa30BaTeJIbHVYIO KaJibky bangomatis<pyc. soaxomep|lanri. wave- meter|lnem. Wellenmesser nu T. 1.). 2.2. Ha ocHoBe cnoco6a o6pa3oBaHHs CJIOBOOOpa30BATEJIbHbIE KaJbKH pasaeneHbl Ha IIpeOHKCAJIbHLIe, cypduKcaabHble, OJIEKTHBHbIE H CJIOXKHBIE. 2.2.1. TlpepukcanbHble CJI0B006pa30BaTeJIbHbIe KaJbKH B JIHTOBCKOH (H- 3HKO-TeXHHYECKOH TEPMHHOJIEKCHKe Yallle BCero ymnoTpelJsiioTes CO Caeaylo- IHMH npeduKcaMu: ant-, cp. pyc. Had-, csepx-, HeM. iiber-, aura. super-, over- (antslégis (PJITIC 371)«pyc. csepxdasaenuelanra. superpressure, antsrovis (PJITIC 372, COT 15, TCBT 260) «pyc. csepxrok| aura. overcur- rent||luem. Uberstrom); ne-, cp. pyc. He-, HeM. nicht-, aura. non-, un- (ne- laidininkas (PJITIC 224, COT 197) «pyc. s#enposodnux| nem. Nichtleiter, nesavaeigé [barza] (PJIIIC 23)<-pyc. necamoxodnasn [6apxkal); pa-, po-, Cp. pyc. nod-, nem. unter-, aura. sub- (papakopé (PJIIIC 297) «pyc. noo- 69 crynenok, pojuostis (COT 224) «pyc. noOdnoznocal|aurn. subband| nem. Un- terband); po-, cp. pyc. nocae-, aura. after- (povaizdis (COT 229) «pyc. nocaeusobpascenuel aura. afterimage, poveiksmis (PJITIC 309, COT 229) « pyc. nocaedeiicreuel laura. after-effect); pries-, cp. pyc. nporuso-, nped-, HEM. gegen-, vor-, aHrJi. counter- (priessrové (PJIIIC 331, TCBT 219) «pyc. nporusorox |mem. Gegensirémung, prieSstiprintuvis (TCBT 333)<pyec. npedycuaureas| nem. Vorverstirker). TIpepukcanbHble KAJIbKH COCTABJAIOT 9% or Bcex c10BOOGPa3OBATENBHBIX KaJieK, PHBEACHHBIX B JHTOBCKHX (H- 3HKO-TeXHHYECKHX CJOBapsAX. YCTAHOBJEHO, YTO NpedHKCAJbHBIE CJIOBOOG- pa30BaTeJIbHbIe KaJbKH Valle Bcero o6pas3oBaHbl OT CyO(DHKCAJILHbIX JIEpH- BaToB (Hanp., nelaidininkas, poveiksmis, prieSstiprintuvis). CaenoBarenb- HO, KaJbKHDOBaHHE YKpernJageT CKJIOHHOCTb JIHTOBCKHX MNpedHKCaJbHBIX HEOJIOTH3MOB ONHPATbCA Ha CyLIECTBHTEJbHbIE C IpOH3BOJIHOH OCHOBOH. Kamnbku c¢ npucraBkoH prie§-, cp. pyc. npoTueo-, HeM. gegen-, MPOIYK- THBHEE NPOYHX INpeOHKCAJIbHLIX CJIOBOOGpa30BATEJIbHbIX Kajek. Hx MOXKHO OOHApYXHTb TaKke H B JAPYIHX TEPMHHOJOTHYECKHX CHCTeMax, Kak Hamp.: prieSménulis (meTeopoJioTHs) «pyc. nporusorynalluem. Gegenmond, pries- sutemis (METEOPOJIOTHS) —pyc. RPOTUBOCYMEPKU HI T. I. IlpedukcajibHbIe c10BOO6pa3oBaTeNbHble KaJbKH, NPHBEJEHHbIE B JIHTOB- CKHX (DH3HKO-TeXHHYECKHX CJOBapsX, SIBJASIOTCS YAAYHBIMH H HOPMATHBHBI- MH. 2.2.2. B coBpemMeHHOH JIHTOBCKOH (DU3HKO-TEXHHYECKOH TEPMHHOJIEKCHKE CyOOHKCAJIbHLIE CJIOBOOGpa30BATEJIbHbICE KaJIbKH COCTABIISIIOT 37,4% ot Bcex CJIOBO06pa30BAaTeJIbHbIX KaJIeK. IIpH KOnHpOBAHHH CYyOOHKCAJIbHbIX CJIOBOOGO- pa30BATeJIbHbIX KaJIeK UalilĮe BCero VynOTpeOJISIOTCSH CJIejtylomHKe CyOOHKCEI: -imas, cp. pyc. ekxue, -aHue, HeM. -ung, aria. -ing, -ion (apvandeninimas (PJITIC 229) «pyc. o6sodnenuellnem. Bewdsserung, janglinimas (PJIIIC 222) «pyc. Hayerepoxcusanue|nem. Durchkohlung); -inis, -€, cp. pyc. -Holil, -080ii (bangolaidinis [rezonatorius] (CPT 254, TCBT 254) «pyc. 804H0- so0Hell [pesonartop], viršgarsinis [greitis] (COT 104, TCBT 260) «pyc. ceepx3sykosas [CKOPOCTh]); -fuvas, cp. pyc. -Teéab, -HUK, -4UK, HEM. -er, aura. -er, -or (iSkrautuvas (PJITIC 344)< pyc. paszpyscareas| nem. Ausla- der|lanra. discharger, nuimtuvas (PJIIIC 418, TCBT 310)<pyc. coém- Huk|lnem. Abnehmer); -iklis, cp. pyc. -Teas, -4uk, auri. -er, -Or, HeM. -er (atskyriklis (TCBT 162) «pyc. ordeaureas, perjungiklis (PJITIC 271, COT 218, TCBT 182) «pyc. nepekarwouaress|uem. Umschalier); -éjas, -tojas, cp. pyc. -Teas, -4UK, aur, -er, -or, Hem. -er (naudotojas (TCBT 202) «pyc. noae- aogareas| aura. user, nešėjas (TCBT 154) «pyc. nocureas| aura. carrier||nem. Trager); -umas, cp. pyc. -ocrs, aura. -bility, nem. -keit, -heit (apdirbamu- mas (PJITIC 234) «pyc. o6pabarsisaemocts| nem. Bearbeitbarkeit, (pri)tai- komumas (TCBT 218) «pyc. npumensemocrs|lanra. adaptability). 2.2.2.1. CaoBooGpasoBaTejibHble KaJbKH C cyphHKCOM -imas yale BCero o0pasylorcst OT npedHKcaJbHBIX rJaaroJioB. B nocieanee Bpemsi B TeXHHUE- CKOH TEePMHHOJIEKCHKE MOSBHJIOCH MHOTO CJIOBOOOpAa30BATEJIbHbIX KAJIEK C 70 cy@duKcoM -imas, 06pa30BaHHbIX OT TJIAr0JIOB, HMEIOINHX NPHCTaBKy ni-, nanp.: nuplaukinimas (PJITIC 230) «pyc. obessorawusanue, nuriebinimas (PJITIC 230) «pyc. o6esacupusanue| em. Entfetung. Jlauuble KAJIbKH SIBJIS- j0TCSl HeHODMATHBHbIMH. HeHOpMaTHBHOCTb Takux KAaJIEK o6ycCJOBAHBAETCS MoZI00POM HEY aYHOro CJIOBA — IJIaroJa ¢ NPHCTABKO# nu-. B PYCCKOM S13bI- Ke CJIOZKHAsl IIpHCTABKA 00e3-, CBOHCTBEHHAS TOJIbKO npedukcaabHo-cydhuk- CaJIbHBIM TJIarojiaM, o0pasyeT rJarojbl CO 3HAYCHHEM <«JIHIIHTH Uero-JI., OCBOOOJIHTb OT 4ero-J1.»; 06e3004uUTs, o6escuputrs. To 3HAYCHHE «JIHUIICHHE U€ro-To» BHECEHO B Hee NPHCTAaBKO# 0e3-, KoTopasi OObIuKHO He CUHTAETCS rJa- TOJIbHOfį NPHCTaBKOH: OHA CJHYXHT JŲIS OOpa3OBAHHS NPHJIAraTeJNbHBIX H CYIIECTBHTE/IbHBIX CO 3HAYEHHEM «JIHIIEHHBIH 4ero-to»3, B JIHTOBCKOM S513bi- Ke C NpHCTABKOR nu- 06pa3oBaHbl IJIAroJIbi, a TAKXKe OTIJIATOJIbHbIe a6CTpaK- Thl C CyQQuKCOM -imas, KOTOpble A2HHOrO 3HAYeHHS He uMeloT. Kak ria- - FOJIBI, TAK H OTIJIaroJibHble a0CTPaKThl C NMPHCTABKOH nu- yKaspBaloT Ha OT/leJIeHHEe (BblAeJIeHHE) Yero-To OT COBOKYNHOCTH, HAampaBjeHHe IefCTBHS BHH3 HJIH BJlaJib C NOAIePKUBAHHEM OKOHYAaHHS TOTO JeicTBHs H T. A. * Kpo- Me TOTO, HEHOPMAaTHBHOCTh JIaHHBIX KAJIEK CBsi3aHa TaK¥Ke CO CJeNbiM KAJIbKH- poBanHeM 3TOro pojla OTIVIArOJIbHBIX ab6CTPaKTOB, Hamp.: nuvandenini- mas<pyc. obessoncuearue|nem. Entwdsserung u T. n. CiefioBaTenbHo, NpH YHOPALOYEHHH (DPU3HKO-TEXHHYECKOH TEPMHHOJIOTHH AaHHBIE KaJbKH C CYyO- ¢pukcom -imas nenecoo6pasHO 3aMEHHTh GoJiee NpPHEMJIEMBIMH COOTBETCT- BHSIMH. 2.2.2.2. CyddukcaapHbie CJI0BOOGPA3OBATENBHBIE KaJIbKH-NIPUJIaraTeb- HEI ¢ cydduKCOM -inis, -ė 06pa3yioTCsi B OCHOBHOM OT CJOKHBIX KaJIEK-CY- NĮeCTBHTe/IbHbIX. J[aHHbie TIpH/IaraTeJIibHbhIe COOTBETCTBYIOT CJIOBO006pa30Ba- TeJIbHbIM NpaBHJIaM JIHTOBCKOTO S53bIKa, OHH SIBJSIOTCS HODMATHBHbIMH H IIpHeMJIeMhIMH. B JHTOBCKO#H (H3HKO-TeXHHYECKOH TEDMHHOJIEKCHKE INNHDpO- KO€ pacūpocTpaHeHHe NOJIYJUKHJIH B IIOCJIeJįHee BpPeMs T'HIIOCTAa3Hble HMeHa npHuJiaraTeJIbHbIe C CypduKcom -inis, -ė. Takue runocra3HbIie O6pa30BaHHS — KaJIbKH-IIpHJIaTraTeJIbHbIe ¢ CyOĖOHKcoM -inis, -ė— yale Bcero 060pa30BaHbi OT CJIOBOCOUeTaHHH CYyMecTBHTEJIbHbIX C NnpejJIioraMH be, po, prieš, virš, Kanp.: beprotarpinis [kabinimas] (PJITIC 113)<pyc. 6essasoproe [3auen- Jenne], poislankiné [lenta] (PJIIIC 95)<pyc. nodxpyicarsras [mocka], priesskerdiminis [gardas] (PJITIC 105) «pyc. npedyboiinsii [3arou], virs- garsinis [greitis] (COT 104, TCBT 260)<pyc. ceepx3sykosas [cko- pocts] llanra. hypersonic|luem. dberschall nu T. x. OfHAaKO uacTb JaHHBIX Ka- JIEK SIBJISIIOTCS HEHOPMATHBHBIMH. HeHopMaTHBHOCTb TaKHX KAJIEK 3aKJI0ua- ercsi B CJIejtylomieM. Bo-nepBbIx, HMeHa NpHJIaraTeJIibHbIe, OGpa30BAHHbIe OT npenJjiora be H HMEHH CYIIECTBHTENBHOTO, OOOpMJISIOTCH He MPH NOMOILIH cyddukca -inis, -ė, a pH noMONnH OKOHUAHHA -is. JlaHHbiėū CJIOBO06pa30Ba- LI * Po3anuosa T. C. K o0pa3oBaHHi0 OTHIMEHHBIX TIJIAaroJIOB C NPHCTaBKoOil o6e3-— B Ki.: Bonpocki rpaMMaTHKH pycckoro g3bIKa. Tyjia, 1974, c. 21. * Lietuvių kalbos gramatika.— V.: Mintis, 1971, t. 2, p. 279; Kalbos praktikos pata- rimai.— V.: Mokslas, 1976, p. 159. 71 TeJIbHbIĖė MOATHII HMEH NpHJIATATEJILHbIX SIBJISETCHA NPOAYKTHBHBIM TaKkKe H B TepMHHOJIOTHH, Hanp.: bebégis, -ė «6e3pejJibCOBBbIH>, bekibirkštis, -ė «6e3- uckposoit» (PJIIIC 24—25), begarsintuvis [garsiakalbis] «6espynopubiii [rpoMkoroBopuTeJib] » (PJITIC 76) nT. Jį. CiegoBaTenbHO, BbiureynmoMsHYyTBIe cJI0BOOGpa3oBaTe/ibHble KAJIbKH-I!pHJIATATEJIbHbIe, 00pa30BaHHble MPHCOELHHE- HHEM Mpeaora be K HMEHH CyLIeCTBHTENbHOMY H O(OPMJICHHEIE IPH TOMOIILH cyddukca -inis, -ė, HyX1al0TCsl B KOPPEKTHPOBAHHH: beprotarpinis (=bepro- tarpis) [kabinimas] «6es3asopnoe [3auenuienue]», a Bmecro beslégiminis (=beslégis) [vandentakis] «Gesnanopuslii [Bog0BOA]», NOCKOJIbKY B (hH3H- KO-T€XHHYECKOH TePMHHOJIEKCHKe 60Jiee MPHEMJIEMBIM SIBJISICTCSE TEPMHH slé- gis «JaBleHHe». Bo-BTOpHIX, HMeHa IpHJaraTejbHble, 00Pa3OBaHHBIE OT NPEAJIOTOB H NPOH3BOJAHBIX HMEH CYIIECTBHTEJbHbIX, YaCTO SBJSIOTCS TpO- MO3JKHMH, Hanp.: prieSskerdiminis [gardas], cp. pyc. npedyboiinelii [3a- rot] H ap. 2.2.2.3. YcTaHOBJIEHO, YTO B COBpeMeHHOH JIMTOBCKOH TEXHHYECKOH Tep- MHHOJIEKCHKe INpeo6JiafaloT CJIOBOOOpa30BAaTeJIbHbIe KaJIbKH (dauie HH/LYK- TH) Cc cyddurcamu -fuvas, -iklis, cp. pyc. -Teas, -HUK, -4UUK, aur. -er, -or, HEM. -er, KOTOpbIe 06pa3oBaHbl OT NpedHKCcaJbHbIX TJIaroJIOB. Takas: TeH1eH- IIHS] BO3HHKJIA, IO-BHAHMOMY, BCJEJICTBHE BJHSHHS TEPMHHOJIOTHH JAPYrHX (ocoGeHHO pPyCCKOro) sI3bIKOB, TaK KaK B JIHTOBCKOM JIHTEPATYPHOM si3bIKe npeo6JajaloT NPOH3BOJAHLIE CJIOBA C JaHHBIMH CyOOHKCAMH, AJ KOTOPBIX MOTHBHDYIOIIIHE CJIOBA — HenpedHKcaJbHble TJIATOJIbi. DOJBIIHHCTBO CJIOBO- 06pa30BAaTeJIbHbIX Kajek ¢ cypbdukcamu -tuvas, -iklis ABAAIOTCS HOPMATHB- HHIMH H TIPHEMJIEMbIMH, 3a HCKJIOUYEHHeM HEKOTOpHIX, TAKHX Kak: praplau- tuvas (=plautuvas), cp. pyc. npomeisarers, atskyriklis (=skyriklis), cp. pyc. ordeaureas u Ap. 2.2.24. B nUTOBCKOH (DH3UKO-TEXHHUYECKOH TEPMHHOJIEKCHKe CJIOBOOGpa- 30BaTeJibHble KAJIbKH ¢ cydhdukcamu -éjas, -tojas (cp. pyc. -Teas, -4UK, aur. -er, -Or, HeM. -er) no cBOeMy 3HayeHHIo 6ojiee GJH3KH K HOCHTEJISM IJ1aroJb- Horo mnpu3Haka. CJIeJjOBATEJIbHO, HEOAYIIEBJEHHHIM NpeAMeTaM MpPHIAeTCs nepeHocHOe 3HayeHHe HOCHTeJIS TJIATrOJIbHOTO IIPpH3HAKa, Cp. TaKXe TeXHH- yeckue TepMHHH gamykla gamintoja, pyc. 3ag8o0-npousgodurers, gamykla ter§éja, pyc. 3asod-zacpsaswuress wu T. A. ONHAKO H3-3a CEMaHTHYECKOH JIBOHCTBEHHOCTH CJIOB C CyOĖOHKCOM -Te/165 B JHTOBCKOH (DHIHKO-TEXHHYE- CKOH TEepMHHOJIEKCHKe B psijie cjaydYaeB OOHapyKHBAIOTCsi HeHOpMATHBHbIe CJIOBO06pa30BATEJIbHLIE KAJIbKH ¢ cyddukcamu -éjas, -tojas. Henopmarus- HOCTh J @HHBIX KaJIeK 3aKJIouaeTcs B caedyiomeM. Bo-nepBbiX, HEHOPMATHB- HOCTb YaCTO CBfi3aHa C COOTBETCTBYIOLIUM CJIOBOM, KOTOpOe SIBJISIETCH He- NPHTOAHLIM JJisi ynoTrpebJsenus. B Takux ciaydasix mnoBpex/jaercs CeMaHTH- yeckasi CONPSIKEHHOCTb KaJbKH H COOTBETCTByIollero efi cosa. JlaHHbIe KAJIbKH SIBJISIOTCH CTPYKTYPHO AJIEKBATHLIMH CBOEMY KaJbKHpyeMOMy 00b- >Copokun IO. C. PaspuTHe cJioBapHoro cocraBa PYCCKOTO JIHTEPATYPHOrO S3bIKa B 30—90-e roam XIX Beka.— M.---JI.: Hayka, 1965, c. 229. 72 eKTy, HO CeMaHTHYECKH HETOYHBIMH, HAMp.: nešėjas, cp. pyc. HOCUTEAb, AHI. carrier, nem. Trager : izotopo nešėjas? (COT 198) «pyc. Hocurers usoro- nallanra. isotopic carrier|lnem. Isotopentriger, krūvio nešėjas (COT 198) <-pyc. wocureas sapsadaliaurn. charge carrier|uem. Ladungstriger. B TEPMHHOJIOTHYECKOM CJIOBape MO BBHIYHCJIHTEJbHOH TEXHHKE NPHBEIEH IeJblii pl AaHHBIX HOCUTezneii: laisvas nešėjas (TCBT 154) «pyc. c80600HbLi HO- curens|| aura. free carrier, pagrindinis nešėjas (TCBT 154) «pyc. ockoenoii nocurens| aura. majority carrier, srovės nešėjas (TCBT 154) «pyc. wocu- TeA6 ToKal laura. current carrier u T. A. Bes coMHeHHS, NaHHbIE TEDMHHOJIO- THYECKHE CJIOBOCOYETAHHSI BO3HHKJIH OJ BJHSHHEM aHAJOTHYHBIX CJOBOCO- YeTaHHH JPYrHX S3bIKOB, CP. TaKxXe pyc. eas-wocureas u Hem. Trigergas, pyc. pacreop-nocuteas u Hem. Trigerlosung (HPIIC 738) u ap. CemanTnKa ryiarosia nešti «<HeCTH» H CEMaHTHKa KAJIbKH nešėjas «HOCH- TeJIb>, KOTOpasi HMEHYeTCsi TePMHHOJOTHYECKHM [ECHTHATOM, IIpoTHBOpeuaT APYT ApYry, MOCKOJBbKY IIOJ JaHHOi KaJbKOH NOJpa3yMeBaeTcss 3HaueHHe «HaJIHUHe, nepenava». CienoBaTeNbHO, JIUJIS HMEHOBaHHS JAHHbIX TOHATHH nesecoo6pasHo 1moxo6paTh HHOE CJOBO, HMEIOIlee APYroid KOpeHb, NOA0GHOe TepMHHY kravininkas, ynotpeGiasieMomMy B (hH3HUECKOH TEPMHHOJOTHH BMe- CTO HETOYHOrO TePMHHA krūvio nešėjas «HOCHTeJb 3apsiia». Bo-BTOpPHIX, He- HOpMATHBHOCTb CJIOBOOOpa30BATeJIbHbIX KaJeK € cyddukcamu -éjas, -fojas 06yCJIOBJIHBAETCSl HETOYHBIM ynoTpebGJeHHeM caMuX cyhdukcos-éjas, -tojas, Hanp.: perteikéjas (TCBT 154) «pyc. nocurers, aura. carrier, braiZytojas [automatinis] (TCBT 371) <pyc. 4epresnux |aBTOMaTHYeCKHil], anrm. de- signer u T. Jį. JlaHHBIE KaJbKH NPOTHBOPEYAT CJIOBOO6pa30BATEJIbHbIM 3aKO- HOMEPHOCTSIM NPOH3BOJAHBIX ¢ cydduKcoMm -€jas, -tojas NUTOBCKOTO $3BIKA. B TepMHHOJIOTHH [JI HAHMEHOBAHHSA MOJAOGHBIX NPHGOPOB, MEXaHH3MOB, aTll- napaTOB H T. Jį. ynoTpebJsioTcs AepHBATH C APYTrHMH cyddHKcaMH, KOTO- pbie MOXHO CIIeIlHaJH3HPOBaTh ”. 2.2.2.5. BoapUIHHCTBO CJIOBO06pa30BAaTEJIbHbIX KaJeK (a TaK¥kKe HHAYKTOB) Cc cypodukcom -umas o6pa3oBaHO OT CTPajaTeNbHbIX NPHYACTHI HACTOSIIErO BpeMenH. O6Gpa3oBaHue nepHBATOB ¢ cyd(HUKCOM -umas OT NPHYACTHH BO- OOINE B JIHTOBCKOM S13bIKE SBJISETCH HEOOBIYHBIM siBJeHHeM. Bce aGCTpakThl NLaHHOH TPYMNIbl, KaK yKa3biBaeTcsi B «[ paMMaTHKE JHUTOBCKOTO SI3bIKA», $IB- JIAIOTCH HEOJIOTH3MaMH JIHTOBCKOTO JIHTEPAaTypPHOTO si3blKa, KOTOpble yale BCEro ymnoTpe6asioTCs B TepMHHOJOTHH S. CJIe/ĮOBATEJIbHO, TaKasi TeH/EHIHS NOKa3bIBAET, YTO PYCCKasi TEpMHHOJIOTHS aKTHBH3HPYyeT 00pasoBaHHe JIHTOB- CKHX TEPMHHOB — HMEH CYIIECTBHTEJbHBIX C cypdHKCcOM -umas, o6pasoBan- € lon naHHBIMH COCTABHBIMH TepMHHaMH He NOJApPasyMeBaloTCs CJIOBOOGpa30BATeJILHBIC KaJibkH. OJHAaKO OJAHH H3 KOMIIOHEHTOB TaKHX TePMHHOB — nešėjas «HOCHTEeJb» — SIBJSeTCS CJIOBOOGPA30BaTeAbHONH KaJbKOil, IMO3TOMY aHAJH3HPYeTCs ee CeMaHTHKa. 7" Keinys St. Priesaginé lietuviškų terminų daryba.— Lietuvių terminologija (Lie- tuviy kalbotyros klausimai), 1975, t. 16, p. 24. 8 Lietuvių kalbos gramatika.— V.: Mintis, 1965, t. 1, p. 307. 73 HbIX OT CTPaAaTeJbHBIX IIpH4acCTHH HACTOSIIIErO BpeMeHH H HMEIOLIHX 3HA- YEHHE OTBJIEYEHHOrO NPH3HAKA. 2.23. B (HU3HKO-TeXHHYECKHX CJIOBADSIX OJIEKTHBHBIX CJ0BOOGpa3oBa- TeJIbHbIX KAJIEK NPHBEACHO HeMHOro. ITPONEHT 1aHHBIX KaJIEK COOTBETCTBYET TNPOLEHTY NpedHKCaJIbHbIX CJIOBOOGpa30BaTeJIbHbIX KajIieK. TIOCKOJIbKy H3-3a KpaTKOCTH H CTpyKTYpHOH NpOCTOTbI (DJIEKTHBHbIe ĮepHBATbI SBJASIOTCS OjJĮ- HHM H3 OCHOBHbIX H YJOOHbIX CPeACTB NONOJIHEHHS JIHTOBCKON TEDMHHOJIO- THH“*, OJIEKTHBHbIE KAJIbKH B TEDMHHOJIOTHH TaK2XKEe MOTMyT GkITb HCIIOJIb30BA- HbI IHpe. B JHTOBCKHX ()H3HKO-TEXHHYUECKHX CJIOBADSX NpHBOJISTCS (DJIeK- THBHBIE CJIOBOOGpa30BaTeJIbHbIe KaJbKH, OOpa3OBAaHHbIe CO CJIE/LYIPOIIUHMH haexcusimu: -a (aptrauka (PJITIC 236)<-pyc. o6ramwxra, prielaida (PJITIC 315, COT 230, TCBT 209) «pyc. npednoceiara, nepriepyla (PJITIC 223) « «pyc. Hedoaus, pralaida (PJITIC 330)<pyc. nponyck), -as (antstatas (PJITIC 212) «pyc. nadcrpoiikalluem. Uberbau, aptepas (PJIIIC 231) «pyc. oomaska), -is (perlékis (PJITIC 273)<« pyc. npoaér, pošvytis (PJITIC 310, COT 228, TCBT 205)<pyc. nocaecsedenue|anrn. afterglow, sgskambis (PJITIC 391, COT 268) «pyc. cossyuue| aura. accord|nem. Akkord). B (usHKO-TeXHHUECKHX CJIOBapsix COBCEM He NPHBOASITCS OTHIMEHHBIE (iekTHBHBlIE C€JI0BOOGPa3oBaTeNbHble KaJbKH. Bee aHaJu3upyeMble (DJIEK- THBHBIE CJIOBOOO0pa30BAaTeJIbHbICE KAJbKH SIBJISIOTCS OTTJIATOJIbHbIMH. CKJIOH- HOCTb OGpa30BbIBAaTb TOJIbKO OTTINIATOJIbHbIeE (DJIEKTHBHbIe CJIOBOO6pa30BAa- TeJIbHbIeE KaJbKH OOYCJOBJIHBAeTCS HECKOJIbKHMH TipHuHHAMH. Bo-nepBbix, B JIHTOBCKOH TEDMHHOJIOTHH GOJBIIHHCTBO (JIeKTUBHBIX JepHBATOB 06paso- BaHO OT ruaroJios !*. Bo-BTOpHIX, TaKasi TEH/LEHIIHA OOHAPYKHBACTCS TaKKe B CJIOB006pa30BaTeJibHOli CHCTeMe PYCCKOro si3blKa, rie HMEHa CyllecTBH- TeJbHbIe C HYJeBBIM cypdukcoM uauie Bcero o6pasoBaHbl OT TJIAroJIOB *!, BejrejierBue 3toro 6oJibllasi 4acTh JHTOBCKHX OTIVIATOJBLHBIX (DJIEKTHBHBIX KaJIEK 06pasoBaHa Mo NpHMepy PyCCKOTro 3bIKa. 2.2.3.1. CaosooGpasoBaTenbEble KAaJIbKH C (aekcuell -a, npuBe/leHHbIe B (PUBHKO-TEXHHYECKHX CJIOBAPAX, UMEIOT NpedHKCH. Takas CKJIOHHOCTb HPO- SIBJISI@TCA KaK B JHTOBCKOM JIHTePATyPHOM 5I3bIKe, TaK H B PYCCKOM, KOTOPHI! B JaHHOM cJy4ae §BJACTCS KaJbKHPYeMbIM 06bekToM. COOTBETCTBYIONIHE CJIOBA -— TJIATOJIbI — HEKOTOPHIX CJIOBOO6pa30BATEJIbHbIX KaJeK Cc (JeKcueil a HMEDPT no Asa npedukca (nepriepyla (PJIIIC 223)<pyc. nedoaus, ne- prieranka (PJIIIC 223) «pyc. #edobop). CnoBooGpasoBaTeNbHble KAJIbKH C (ekcuedi -a uyaue Bcero O6pa30BAHbi OT TIJIATOJIOB, HMEIOIIHX CJIe/lyIOIOHe npedukcH: is-, at-, per-, pra-, pri-. t 2.2.3.2. CJioBo06pa30BaTe/ibHbIX KaJeK C (yieKcueil -as B OH3HKO-TEXHH- YCCKHX CJIOBApsiX IIpHBe/IeHO ropasjio MeHbIIIe, UeM CJIOBOOGpa30BaTeJIbHbIX KaJIEK ¢ (uekcueil -a. HenpojiykTHBHOCTb JaHHBIX KAJIEK 00YCJOBJIHBAETCS, ? Keinys St. Galūninė terminų daryba.— Socialinės lingvistikos problemos (Lie- tuviy kalbotyros klausimai), 1979, t. 19, p. 180. 10 Tam xe. 1! Pycckas rpammatnka.— M.: Hayka, 1980, T. 1, c. 219. 74 no-BHAHMOMY, TEM, UTO B TEDMHHOJIOTHH BOOGIE H3 BCEX (DJIEKTHBHBIX JepH- BaTOB IIpeoOJIaJtatoT AepuBaTh ¢ iekcueii -a. CJioB006pa30BaTeJibHbIe KaJIb- Ku ¢ daekcueil -as nveier npedpukcel. O6pasoBaHHe JAAHHbIX KaJIeK BOOGIE He MPOTHBOPEYHT OOpa30BAHHIO AEPHBATOB C (DJieKcHefi -as JHUTOBCKOTO JIH- TepaTypHoro si3bIKa. [109ToMy JįaHHbIe KAJIbKH SIBAAICTCS NPHEMJIEMBIMH H HOPMATHBHBIMH. 2.2.3.3. H3 Bcex (IEKTHBHBIX CJIOBOOGPA30BATENbHBIX KAJIEK, MPHBEIEH- HbIX B (PHSHKO-TEXHHYCCKHX CJIOBADSIX, MEHbINe BceX OOHaPY:KEHO CJIOBOOG- pa30BaTeJIbHbIX KaJIieK Cc (piekcueli -iS— HX B [Ba pa3a MeHbINė, UeM CJIO- p006pa30BaTejIibHtLIX KaJIek C OJIeKcHef -as. CJIOBO06pa30BATEJIbHbICE KAJIbKH c OuekcHeli -is HMeOT TaKXe NnpeduKcbhI. YacTo Takas TEK/JIEHIIH BO3HHKA- eT NOI BJHSHHEM JpyTHX S3bIKOB. Hamp., CJI0B006pa30BaTeJIbHbIe. KAJIbKH C daekcueit -is (pošvytis<-pyc. nocaeceeuenue|lanrn. afterglow), umeronrue rpedukc po-, 06aanalOT 3HAYEHHEM, KOTOPOe HECBOMCTBEHHO MOAOGHBIM JIe- pHUBaTaM JIHTOBCKOTO $I3blKa H SIBHO CBSI3aHO C NPEAJOTraMH: PYCCKHM — /1O0- cae, aHTJIMHCKHM — after H UX SKBHBAJIEHTAMH B JIHTOBCKOM $I3BHIKE pO, pas- kui. = | 2.2.4. Cnoxuble CJIOBO00pa30BATeJIbHbIe KAJIbKH-CVIHEeCTBHTeEJIbHbIe CO- CTABJISIIOT JIOBOJI5HO OOČINHDpHYJO MOArpynmy kajek (oKOJIO 28,6%) H3 BCcex, CJI0BO006pa30BaTeJIbHbiX (IpedHKCAJIbHEIX, CyOOHKCAJIbHbIX, (DJIEKTHBHbIX, CJIOXHbIX) KaJIeK. Jas JIKHTOBCKOĖ (DH3HKO-TEXHHUCCKOH TEDMHHOJIEKCHKH XapaKTepHo HaJiHKUuHe ABYX BH/ILOB JĮaHHbIX Kajek: 1) CcJIOxHbIe KAJIbKH C ONOPHLIM KOMIOHEHTOM — OCHOBOH CYIIECTBHTEJNBHOTO H 2) CJIOXKHBIE KAJIb- KH C OIIOPHBIM KOMIIOHEHTOM — TJIaroJIbHOK ocHOBOH. Hanbosee npoAyKTHB- HbIMH SIBJSIIOTCS CJEAYIOHIHe C/I0BOOOpa3oBaTe/ibHble CTPYKTYPH CJIOXKHBIX KAJIEK-CYIIECTBHTCEJIbHbIX: a) ajieKBATHbIX KAJIEK: HMS, CYlIlĮeCTBHTEJIbHOC + HMS CYILECTBHTEJILHOC /S+S/, ums npuaararenbHoe-+HMS cymecrBHTeJibuoe. [A+S/, xape- yne+ HMA CcymecTBHTeJibHOe. [A¢+S/ Hm. HMs cyllecTBHTeNbHOE-}TIJIa- roa /S+V/. Įlannbie CTPYKTYpPHl KaJIEK COOTBETCTBYIOT CJEAYIOLUIHM CJIOBO- o6pa30BaTesibHBIM CTPYKTypaM KaJbKHpyeMoro o6mbekra: /[S+S/=/S+S/ pusbange (PJITIC 304), cp. pyc. noaysoanal|uem. Halbwelle||aura. half-wa- ve, sarvaplokite (PJITIC 32), cp. pyc. 6porenauralluem. Panzerplate; [A+ +S/=/A+S/ aukstakrosné (PJIIIC 94), cp. em. Hochofen, naujasidabris (PJIIIC 223), cp. em. Neusilber; [Ay+S/=/A+S/ daugiastaklininkas (PJITIC 199), cp. pyc. mnoeocranounux; [S+V/=IS+V/ bangomatis (PJIIIC 52, COT 31, TCBT 29), cp. pyc. soanomeplluem. Wellenmesser2|| lanra. wavemeter, sméliasvaidis (PJIIIC 278), cp. pyc. neckomer; 12 KašibkH CO CJ0BOOGPA3uBATENILHON CTPYKTYPOit (S+V), ONOpHBIT KOMIOHEHT KOTO- pbix — -matis, B aHTVIHACKOM H HEMEIKOM S3BIKaX COOTBETCTBYIOT CJIOXKHbIM CYIIECTBHTEJb- HBIM CO CJ0BO0GpasoBaTeIbHOM CTPYKTYpoR (S+S). Oanako B ganHOM cayuae GoJee nejie- c000pa3Ho cpaBHHBATL CJIOBO0Cpa30BATeJIbHbIeE CTPYKTYPHI KaJbKH H PYCCKOro KaJbKHpye- MOro o0bekTa, MOCKOJbKY PYCCKHH $3BIK SIBJASIETCA MOCPEAHHKOM HJIH HENoCpeACTBEHHBIM OObEKTOM KOMHPOBAAHS KaJLKH. 75 6) Hea/leKBATHbIX KAJIEK: HMS CYILECTBHTEJNbHOE-+HMsI CYLUIECTBHTEJbHOE [S+S/, ams cymecrBuTezsHoe + rJrarojs /S+V/, napeune+raaroa /A4--VĮ xm MecTonMeHue+raaroa /P + VĮ. Jlannbie cJioBo06pasoBaTeJibHbIe CTPYKTYPHI KaJIEK COOTBETCTBYIOT CJIOBOOGpa30BATEJIbHbIM CTPYKTYpPaM KaJIbKHpyeMOTro o6bekTa cJezytomHM O6pa3om: /S+S/:/S+V/ ortakis (PJIIIC 51, TCBT 28), cp. pyc. 803dyxo600, vandentakis (PJITIC 48), cp. pyc. 8000800; /S + +V/:|S+S/ garsagaudis (PJITIC 114, COT 96), cp. pyc. 38ykoyrosu- reas|luem. Schallempfanger, plévédaris (PJIIIC 284), cp. pyc. naénkoob- pasosareas; [Ay+V/:[A+S/ garsiakalbis (PJIIIC 76, COT 96, TCBT 256), cp. pyc. epomkozosoputesb<mneMm. Lautsprecher; |P+V/: |P+S/ sa- vistabda (PJITIC 364), cp. pyc. camoropmooicerue. CaoxHble CJIOBOO6pa30BaTeJIbHbIeE KAJIbKH-CVIIlECTBHTEJIbHbIeE CO3/1al0TCH, KaK NpaBHJIO, CEPHSIMH, T. €. KaJbKHPYETCS He OTJeJbHOE CJIOBO, a onpeje- JIGHHBbIH CJIOBOO6pa30BaTeJIbHbIK MOATHN (Hanp.: savivartis<pyc. camocsaan, savirašis<-pyc. camonuceyllnem. Selbstschreiber; auk$timatis<pyc. 6bico- romep|luem. Hohenmesser, bangomatis<-pyc. 8oanomep|lanra. waveme- ter||luem. Wellenmesser). Takum o6pa30M, npH KaJbKHPOBAaHHH CJOXKHBIX TEPMHHOB PaCHIMPSIOTCS HEKOTOpPble TEHJIEHIUHH TepMHHOOOpa30BaHHS: BO-TIEPBHIX, VKPEIJIAETCSI CKJIOHHOCTh JIHTOBCKHX CJIOXKHbIX HEOJOTH3MOB OINH- paTbCs Ha CYLIECTBHTEJBbHBIE C NMPOH3BOAHOH OCHOBOH (Hanp.: puslaidinin- kise-pyc. noaynposodruk| aura. semiconductor||dpauu. semiconducteur), Bo- BTOPHIX, TOSIBJSIOTCS HEOJIOTH3MBI, CJ0BOOGpa3oBaTesibHble MOATHIH KOTO- PbIX CpaBHHTeJIbHO NPOAYKTHBHEI H NMOMHMO KaJleK HMEIOTCS H HHIYKTHI (nanp.: lietmatis<pyc. dosicOemep||anra. pluviometer u tarpumatis — wyn). IlpH HOpMaJH3aLHH CJOXKHBIX CJIOBOOGpa30BATEJIbHbIX KAJIEK I1e/1ec0006- pa3HO: yCTpaHHTh HX CJ0BooOGpasoBaTesbHble BapuaHThl (foliamatis, toli- matis, tolmatis«pyc. darenomep|lanra. telemeter), HexenaTeNbHYI0 MOp- ¢dosoruyeckyio TpaHC(HOpPMAIHIO JHTOBCKHX TEePMHHOB, OGpa30BaHHbIX OT BO3BpaTHEIX rJaroJios (i§sikrovimas — camopaspsad—ssavikrova, išsivaly- mas — camoouuwerue—»savivala), a TakxKe 3aMeHHTb MeXaHHYECKH KOIH- pOBaHHBEIE KaJIbkH (camocnyck «mnpHCnocobJeHHe Js IIyCKA JĮBHTATEJIA»> — savilaida, caxoro4kKa «TOKapHbIH CTAHOK C CAMOXOJAHBIM CyNNOPTOM»—>Sa- vigalanda) npyruMu TepMHHAMH. 2.2.5. B QU3HKO-TeXHHUECKOH TE€PMHHOJIEKCHKE OYeHb 4acTO TepMHHO3JIe- MEHTaMH SBJAIOTCH CJIOXKHbIE KAJIbKH-IIpHJIaTATEJIbHhIe. [1o-BHAHMOMY, HX MHOTOYHCJIEHHOCTb OOYCJIOBJHBAETCS CJAEAYIOUIHMH NpHUKHHAMH. Bo-mepshiX, CJIOXKEHHE B JIHTOBCKOM CJIOBOO06pa30BAaHHH SIBJSIETCS OAHHM H3 Gojee moj- XOJISLIHX CIIOCOGOB [Ji BhIpaXKeHHsI HOBBIX, HHOT/a OYeHb CJOMKHBIX MOHSI- tii. Bo-BTOpHIX, CJIOXENHEe SRJASETCS CaMbIM NPOAYKTHBHBIM CIHOCOGOM H B TOM $3BIKE, 110 NpHMEepy KOTOPOro MNPOHCXOAHT KaJbKHpoBaHHe. CJIOXKHbIe CJIOBO00pa30BAaTeJIbHbIE KalibkKH-IIpHJIaraTeJIbHbIe cocTaBasior 169% or Bcex CJIOBO06pa30BATeJIbHbIX KAJIEK, TIPHBEJEHHbIX B JHTOBCKHX (DH3HKO-TEXHH- yeckux CJIOBAapsxX. CJIOxHbIe KaJIbKH-IIpHJIaraTeJIbHbIe yale Bcero O6pa3y- IOTCS TPH TIOMONIH JABYX OCHOB H (DJIeKcHH. OHH COOTBETCTBYIOT, KaK NpaBu- 76 Jo, KaJbKHpyeMOMy OObeKTY, 06pa30BaHHOMYy OT JBYX OCHOB, cydhdukca H ¢aekcun. Han6ojiee NpOAYKTHBHBIMH SIBAAIOTCS CJ€yIONIHE CTPYKTYPHI: HMS TNpHJaratenbHOe+HMs cyuecTBuTeabHoe [A+S/, nanp.: ilgabangis [kraštas] (COT 150)<pyc. daunnosoanoseii [kpaii]llanra. long-wave- lengthlinem. langwellige, greitaeigis, -¢ (PJITIC 34, TCBT 216) «pyc. 6otcr- poxodOniūl|aurn. high-speed; napeune+uMa cymecTBHTesNbHOe [Ay+S/, nanp.: daugiabangis, -¢ (PJIIIC 198) «pyc. muozosoanoseiii, daugiastaklis [darbas] (PJITIC 338) «pyc. mrococrarounas [paGoTA]; ums UHCAHTE]b- Hoe+ HMS CymecTBHTeJ/IbHOe /N+S/, manp.: dvieigis, -ė (PJITIC 84)< pyc. dsyxxodosoii| anra. two-pass, trieigis [Ciaupas] (PJIIIC 440)<pyc. Tpex- xodosoi [kpan]; mectommenue-+ruaroa /P+V/, nanp.: savigridis [plie- nas] (PJITIC 402) «pyc. camosaxarusatowancs [crams] | aura. self-harde- ning, savislopis [skaitiklis] (COT 284) «pyc. camoeacawjuiica [cuerunk]. Kajibkn co cioBooGpasoBaTesbHOl cTpyKTypoii /P + V/ortanuamoTres oT CBOHX KaJIbKHPYeMBIX OObEeKTOB He TOJIbKO HEOAHHAKOBOH CJIOBOOG6pa30BATEJILHOKM CTPYKTYpPO#, HO H YaCTSMH PeuH, BXOAAIIUMH B HX cocTaB. Takum 06pa30M, CJIOJKHBIE CJIOBOOOpa30BATEJIbHbIE KaJbKH-IPHJIaraTe/bHble, NPHBEJECHHbIE B OH3HKO-TEXHHUEeCKHX CJIOBApsiX, 0 OTHOLIEHHIO K CBOEMYy KaJbKHPyeMOMY 00BEKTY SIBJISIIOTCSI HeaJleKBAaTHBIMH. Hexoropkie CJIOxXHbIe CJI0BOOOpa3oBaTeJbHble KAJIbKH-IIpHJIaTATEJIbHEIe 06pasyioTcsi TaKXKe CEepHAMH, NO aHAaJIOTHH BO3HHKAIOT ONpelleJIeHHbIe CJIO- B006pa30BaTeJIibHbIe NOATHNHE (Hanp.: greitaeigis, -é<pyc. 6bicTpoxo00- Hotūllaurn. high-speed, létaeigis, -ėe-pyc. TuxoxodOnrw:||aurz. low-speed, dvieigis, -ė<-pyc. 08yxxo0osoii| aura. two-pass, trieigis, -ė<-pyc. Tpexxodo- 80Ū WT. J.). B Ous3Hko-TExHHUeCKOR TEDMHHOJIOTHH NpPeo6JafaioT KAJIbKH CO CJIOBOOGO- pasoBaTeJibHO# cTrpykKTypoH /P + VĮ. JlanHble KaJibkH 00/1aaI0T HEKOTOpbIMH cBoficTBaMH. Bo-nepBbIX, UaCTb H3 HHX HMeeT CKJIOHHOCTb INEpedTH B KaTe- TODHIO HMEHH CymecTBHTeJIbHOTO, Hanp.: savirašis, savivartis. Bo-BTOphIx, HM CBOMCTBEHHA INIDpOJLYKTHBHOCTb, KOTODpASsi IIOKAa3bIBAaeT, UTO B CJIOBOO06pa30- BAHHH CJIOXKHbIX TPHJAraTeJbHbIX JIHTOBCKOTO s513bIKa HauUHHAaeT YKOPEHSTb- cs HOBHII CJIOBOOGpa30BATEeJIbHbLIĖ NOATHN (BO3BpaTHOe MecTOHMeHHe Sa- ves: Savi+4raaros), KOTOPbIH AJsi TEPMHHOJIOTHH SIBJSIeTCS MOAXOASIIIHM. 3. O6o6mųarouine 3aMeuaHHS 3.1. CnoB006pa30BaTreJibHO0e KaJIbKHpOBAHHe — BAXKHbIĖ, HO He OCHOBHOH croco6 06pa30BaHHSA COBpeMeHHbIX JIHTOBCKHX OJHOCJOBHBIX ()H3HKO-TeXHH- WeCKHX TEPMHHOB. 3.2. IlpH cA10B006pa30BaTeJIbHOM KAJIbKHDOBAHHH DpacIiuHpSIOTCH HEKOTO- pble TEHJIEHIJHH TEDpMHHOOG6pa30BaHHS (YKDpernJISeTCS CKJIOHHOCTb JIHTOBCKHX NpedHKCcaJIbHbIX H CJIOXHbIX HEOJIOTH3MOB ONHpaTbC;1 Ha CYIECTBHTEJbHBIE C IIpOH3BOJIHOKH OCHOBOH), a TaK¥Xe VKODpeEeHSIOTCSHS HOBbIE CJIOBOO6pa30BATEJIb- 77