Типы вариантов в терминологической лексике

4 MOKSLO KALBOS KULTŪROS IR TERMINOLOGIJOS PROBLEMOS LIETUVIŲ KALBOTYROS KLAUSIMAI, XXIV (1985) TAJIHHA ®EJIMKCOBHA BEINTOPT THIIbi BAPHAHTOB B TEPMHHOJIOTHUECKOH JIEKCHKE OjiHHM H3 BaXXHBIX BH/IOB PaGoTH B OOJIaCTH TEDMHHOJIOTHH SIBJSETCS IIOJI- po6Hoe JieKCHKOrpagHyeckoe OriHCAHHe OTAENbHBIX TEDMHHOJIOTHUECKHX CH- creM. Ho H B nponecce o61es13bIKOBOrO JIEKCHKOTDaOHUeCKOTO OMHCAHHS B KaKOH-TO CTENeHH VIIOpA/ĮOUKHBAeTCS TEDMHHOJIOTHA, UTO 3AKJIO4UAETCA B «OT- 60pe H BELIJIĮeJIEeHHH NpeX/ie BCero HaHOOJICEe YyYCTOHUKBEIX H YNOTDpeOHTEJILHEIX dopM TEpMHHOB». Ta 3ajįaua BbINOJIHAJIaCb COcTaBHTeJIAMH TOJKOBOro CJIO- Bapsi GeJiopyccekoro 53biKka!, Pyccko-6ejJiopycckoro cJIOBaps11?, XOTSi B HCTOY- HHKH CJIOBapeH He BKJIOYajach Y3KOCIIeuLIHAJIbHAS JIHTEpaTypa. OcHOBHO#i NPHHUHI TEDMHHOJIOTHH, 3aKJIOYAIOUIHACS BO B3aHMHO OJHO- 3HAYHOM COOTBETCTBHH MEXJy TepPMHHaMH H 0603HaYaeMbIMH HMH NOHSITHS- MH, Ha IIpaKTHKe He BCer/la BbiJepIKHBAETCS, H HaJH4YHe MOJHCEeMHH H OMO- HHMHH B TePMHHOJIOTHYECKOH JIEKCHKE IIPH3HAeTCss MHOTHMH HCCJe0oBaTes- MH, C OTOBODpKOK, UTO CHHOHHMBI, HaMp., 3/1eCb HMEIOT «HHYIO IPHPOLY H HHBIS GYHKIHH> 3, B noHsiTHe BapHAHTHOCTH T€PMHHOJOTHYECKOH JIEKCHKH MBI BKJIIOYaeM Ha- JHYHe (OHETHYECKHX, CJIOBOOOpa30BaTeJIbHbIX H JIEKCHIECKHX Ay0J/eTOB AAs OJLHOTO CINenHAJIbHOTO NoHATHS (TepMHH Oybser npeanoxken O. C. Axmano- Boi). HaubGonee pacnpocTpaHeHHHIMH BHJaMH BapHaHTOB B 06eJ0pPYyCCKOH TEPMHHOJIOTHH SIBJISIIOTCS! JIEKCHUECKHE H CJIOBOOOpa30BATEJIbHBIE. B coBeTcKyi0 3nOXy HHTEHCHBHOTO Pa3BHTHS 6€JOPYCCKOro JIHTEpPaTypHO- ro si3blKa B LIHPOKOM KPYry $I3bIKOBBIX IIpOOJIEM IeHTpaJbHOe MeCTO OTBO- JHJA0Ch (POPMHPOBAHHIO HAaY4YHOH TEPMHHOJIOTHH. MeTONOJIOrHYeCKHH IPHH- IHN BLIPaGOTKH GeJOPYCCKOH HayuyHOii TepMHHOJIOTHH B Hadaje 20-x rr. 3aKJIIOYaJCsl B TOM, YTO B OCHOBY ee JOJIXKHBI OBbIJIH ČObITb MOJIOKEHBI CJIOBA . XXHBOTO HApOAHOTO f3blKa. EcJiH Xe HeOOXOAHMBIX TEDMHHOB B HApOJĮHOM sI3bIKe He OhlJ10, TO Ha COGCTBEHHOM $I3BIKOBOM MaTepHaJie CO3/1aBaJjIiCh HeO- JIOTH3MbI HJIH 3aHMCTBOBAJIHCh I'OTOBhIE HHOCTPAHHBIE CJIOBA B HYXHOM Tep- MHHOJIOTHYECKOM 3HaueHuH. JlonycKaJaoch H napaJJesbHoe ynorpebaenue Ge- JIOPYCCKOTO H HHOCTPAHHOTO CJIOBa HJH JABYX OeJIOpyCCKHX% T. e. yXe B i TuysMauajibHki cJiojuik Bemapyckaft MoBe.— Minck, 1977—1980, T. 1—4. 2 Pyccko-6Gesopycckuii c1oBapb.— Munck, 1982, T. 1—2. Haunaenxko B. II. Pycckas TepmuHOJIOrHS/ONBIT JIHHTBHCTHUECKOTO OMHCAHHS.— M, 1977, c. 73. * Benapyckass uaBykoBasi TapMiKHaJIioris. DJleMeHTapHas MaTaMaThKa.— Minck, 1922, Bun. 1, c. 3—4. 39 caMOH MeTOJIOJIOTHH CO3J/ĮaHH5A TEDMHHOJIOTHUECKON JIEKCHKH MpejnoJarajach BO3MOXHOCTb JIEKCHYEeCKOR BapHaHTHOCTH. B TaKHe OOJIAaCTH TEDMHHOJIOTHH, Kak GoraHHuecKas, 300JIOTHYECKasl, CEJ/IbCKOXO3SKCTBEHHAS, je HapoAHAast TePMHHOJIOTHSI 6oJiee Bcero Gbkijia pa3BHTa, BOILJIO JOBOJBHO 3HAYHTEJbHOE KOJIHYECTBO CJIOB H3 HAPOJAHOH JIEKCHKH. DBbiJIO cO311aHO H 3HAUHTEJIbHOE YHC- JIO HOBOOOpa30BaHHH Ha cOOGCTBEHHO GejiopyccKoM MmaTrepHaJse. B jJiaJIbHeH- IIeM «MPaKTHKa HCNOJIb30BAHHSA TEPPHTOPHAJBHO OTrpaHHUeHHOH JIEKCHKH B 3HAYEHHH TEPMHHOB ye K KOHILY 20-X rr. mokasaJjia CBOIO HEXH3HECcnocos- HocTh. Haununaeres o6paTHBIH nponecc — 3aMeHa HapOAHO-AHAaJEKTHBIX CJIOB H HCKYCCTBEHHBIX 06pa3oBaHHH TepMHHAMH HHTEPHALHOHAJbHOTO HJH pycC- CKOro npomncxoxjenusi»’. Ho MHorume oO6lien3BecTHble H Jae TEppHTODpH- aJIbHO OrpaHHYEHHble HAapOJHble TePMHHBI OCTAJHCh Hapsay C 3aHMCTBOBaH- HbIMH B CHeIHaJbHbIX TEPMHHOJIOTHAX, 00pa3ys AyOJeTHble PSB. Jlekcnueckasi BapHAaHTHOCTb COBpeMeHHOH OeJIOPYyCCKOH TEpMHHOJIOTHH HMeeT HEeCKOJIbKO Pa3HOBHIAHOCTEH, rae Ay0JieTaMH BHICTYNAlOT COOCTBEHHO GesiopyccKHil (HJIH MO JaBHOCTH 3aHMCTBOBAHHSI BOCIIPHHHMaeMblii Kak CO6G- CTBEHHBIH) H 3aHMCTBOBaHHBIH, Yallle BCEro MOSBUBIUHICS H3 PYCCKOTO, MOJb- CKOTO HJIH Yepe3 MOCPEACTBO PYCCKOro s513bIKA, JABa H GoJIee cOOCTBEHHO 6e- JIOPYCCKHX CJIOBa, COOCTBEHHBIH TEPMHH H KaJbKHPOBAaHHBIH, 06a TepMHHA, TpHLIe/IIHE H3 PYCCKOTrO sI3blKa H OTpaxKalolllie BapHAHTHOCTb PYCCKOH Tep- MHHOJIOTHH. IlluporkHe HayuyHble KOHTAKThl CO BCEMH COIO3HBIMH pecnyOJHKaMH Ha OC- HOBE PYCCKOro si3blKa CO3/1aloT GOJIbINHe BO3MOXKHOCTH JJIsi TPOHHKHOBEHHS B OeJIOpyCCKHĖ SI3BIK MacChl HAyYHBIX TEDpMHHOB H3 pycckoro. Co6crBeHHO Gesopycckie npodeccHOHAaJIbHbIe TEpMHHEI, BOIIEALIHE B CIENHAJIbHYIO Tep- MHHOJIOTHIO, O6pa30BAaJIH Ay06JieTHbIE IIapbi C NMPHIIEAIINMHE [O3/1HEe H3 pycC- CKOro $i3blKa TEPMHHAMH, HANp.. acapodax — CTPbLians, acada— py4ka, pamka, 8aAOUL— CYKHABAAKE, JHBip — epasil, KacaK— packoc, Kowar — yKAIO4bIKa, KAAMAp — ckaba, wapoul — poccein. Jlekcnueckue BapHaHThI, MO- N06GHBIe TIPHBEEHHBIM BHILIE, MOTYT HMETb pa3jHuHble COepbi ynoTpelGeHHs. B crneumanabHoii JuTepaType Jane GyAyT ynoTpebasaThcs OOIIHe C PyCCKHMH caoBa (cTpourkans, cykHasaaka, epasii, ckaba, poccein), a HX COGCTBEHHO Gesiopycckue JLyOJIETbI, BBeJleHHbIE C0BapsMH B cepy TepMHHOJOTHH, HMe- 10T O6BIYHO GOJIbLIMH CeMaHTHYeCKHit OGbeM H Gojiee MHPOKYIO chepy ymo- TpeOJIEHHA, B TOM YHCJe H B PasroBOPHOH peur (acapodak, saitoul, Hip, Kacak, kaamap). Hekoropule u3 Ay6JieTOB OCTAIOTCSA H3BECTHHIMH Ha OrpaHH- YeHHOH TeppHTOpHH (KO4aT, KAsMAp). B mOAOGHBIX OTHOUIEHHsIX (COGCTBEH- HO GesopyCCKHH~—PYCCKHH) HaXOAATCS JeKCHYecKue ĮyOJIeTbIi APYrHX TepMHu- HOJIOTHUYECKHX obJiacTeii, Hanp.: 6apanok — cmywak, kaney — OypT, KATAX — na4arak, MAayéaka — CYATaH, naianosiya — (piaeil, napaastow pasr.— napa- Aid, cadasina — pYKTel, CNAPOYBAHHE — 3AYLKA, CAYKAPHA — CAAAMAPIZKA, 5 Baxanbkoy A. J. Passiuné aekciki OGenapyckaii JiTapaTypHaii MOBbI VY caBeuxi nepmsaa.— Minck, 1982, c. 46. 40 *8602— caca, XYTKACYb — CKOpaCųo, w4dsenst— xcabpbl. Bo3MoxHo, KpH- TEPHEM INNpHHAJIJIEXXHOCTH K TEPMHHOJIOTHYECKOH B COGCTBEHHOM CMBICJIC CJIO- Ba JIEKCHKE MOTINJIa Obi CJIYXKHTb CIIOCOOHOCTb K 06Pa30BaHHIO HOBbIX IIPOH3- BOJHBIX TEPMHHOB. JIOrHYHO NpeANONOXKHTb, 4TO Gyjnymee 3a TeMH TEepMH- HaMH, KOTOpble y4aCTBYIOT B 00Pa30BaHHH JAPYrHX TePMHHOJOTHYECKHX Ha- 3BaHHM, HaNp.: 6ypTasatne, 6yprasassuiqsix, bypragkradqsik; ckopst noeso, Kapobka cKapacyei; naparitolk, napariTeliHel; ppykrosel, dpykraanpa- yoyust. T1oaTOMy Ha COBpeMeHHOM 3Tamne CTAHOBJEHHS TEPMHHOJIOTHYECKOH JIEKCHKH B OOLIESA3HIKOBHIX CJIOBADS1X CTOHJO 6b MOAOGHbBIE TEPMHHBl OTMe- uaTb NOMETaMH, YKa3blBalOUIMMH Ha HX NpHHA/JIJIEXHOCTb K CHENHaJbHOH TEPMHHOJIOTHYECKOH JIeKCHKe (Hanp.: Kya. ghiaeiinst — Pyccko-6eaopycekHuil CJIOBaphb), OCTaBJsis 3a HX Ay6aeTamu (Hanp.: xkaney, naaandsiya, cadasina, XYyrKacys, yAeHiK, w4dnenst) KBaIH(PHKALHIO OOLIEH3BECTHHIX CJIOB, cepa ynotpeG/eHHsi KOTOPhIX GoJiee IIHMPOKAs — JIKTEpaTypHbIė S3bIK, HAPOLHBIE roBophl. Tak, K npumepy, Bo 2-M H3aHHH Pyccko-6eqopyccKoro CJOBaps H3 TEPMHHOJOTHYECKOH JIEKCHKH HCKJIOUEHA JIEKCeMa XBiAiHa «4acCTh gaca», XO- TA eme JeT 20—25 Tomy Ha3ajį elo MOJb30BANHCh KaK TePMHHOM. B psn JiekcHuecKHX JlyOJIeTOB BXOAAT ycTapeBIIHe GeJIOpyCCKHe (nu naB- HO 3aHMCTBOBaHHbIE€) TEDMHHbI H TEPMHHHI, OOILIHE C PYCCKHMH, HANp.: MbLT- HA, MbITH6L YCT.— TAMOJCHS, TAMONCEHHbLI, AITABAKKE YCT.— NAsAHHe, nadika, WUTINAPUYBLK — 3A2ATOYULHbIK, KOXALK PaA3T.— KOKAIOUL. Jlpyryio pa3HOBHAHOCTb JIEKCHYECKHX BapHaHTOB 06Pa3yIOT TEDMHHbI, H3 KOTODpbIX 06a BOCINpHHHMAIOTCA KaK GeJIOpycCKHe, NPHIIelIHe B TEDMHHOJIO- THIO H3 HApOJIHOTO 53blKa, YaCTO H3 pa3HkIX ero JiKaJIieKTOB. Takoro poja Ay6JieThl BCeTpeualoTCA. B OGOTaHHYECKOH, 300JOTHYECKOH, CEJIbCKOXOZAŪCT- BeHHOH TepMHHOJIOTHH. C TOYKH 3peHHS CeMaHTHUECKHX OTHOINECHHĖ OHH MO- ryT ObITb aGCOJIOTHHIMH CHHOHHMAaMH, XOTSI, HMesi oflllee IpeAMeTHOe 3Ha- YeHHe, He Bcerja paBHO3HauYHH MO ynorpebJsenuio. B nape acasik—nadaci- xasiK TepBOe Ha3BaHHE OTPaHHYEHO TEPPHTOPHAJIBHO H He [OJIKHO OBIT BBejĮeHO B OOTaHHYECKYI0O TEPMHHOJIOTHIO, PaBHO KaK H JAPyrHe HapOIHBIE Ha3BaHHs 3Toro rpuba. HasBanue 6yaki siBasiercst 6oJjiee yrNOTPeOHTENbHBIM, YeM NPHBOJAHMOE psiioM B Pyccko-6e/10pycCKOM CJIOBape B TEPMHHOJOrHYE- CKOM 3HauyeHHH OypHiysl. [lo aTOH Ke npHuHHe HE CJAEAyeT AaBaTh CHHOHH- MOM K k#ieagka (pyc. uubuc) obaacTHoe Ha3BaHHE KauA, TeM OoJiee, 4YTO OHO HM3BECTHO KaK Ha3BaHHe JPYrod NTHLHI; nOXHA SBJIISETCH 00J1aCTHOH JIEK- CeMOH K oflleJIHTepaTypHOMY ceraxcays. Vinorja JeKcHUecKHe BapHAHTHI, nojtaHHbIe B Pyccko-6esopycckom cloBape Kak 0JIHO3HAYHBIH NepeBOJ C pyc- CKOro, BOCINPHHHMAIOTCA KaK CHHOHHMEI C ONpeJeJIeHHOH CeMaHTHYeCKOH nub depenuanmei (nanp.: 032061 — Ha3BaHHe JIJISi JIOTyXa B CTaJHH IBeTe- HHS H IVIOJIOHOILIIEHHS; 26K B JINTEPATYPHOM SI3bIKE — «CeJIeJIOYHBIH paccot», a «paccoJI B KBAINeHbIX OBOLIAX» — pacoA; CYipTa — KJAajKa CHONOB HJIH Ce- Ha MO OTKPHITHIM HeOOM, Tapna — B NMOMeLIeHHH, 10x HaBecoM). CeMaHTH- YecKH AH(pGepeHUHPYIOTCS H Apyrue Ay06JeThl, Kak Hanp.: 36isanxe — 3683- eanne (pyc. cnaoTka), cka0 — cakepa, cadxaney — dhanc. B pasubix cne- 41 HKHAJIbHbIX KOHTEKCTax OyAyT ynoTpeGOJIeHbi JlaHHbIe B Pyccko-6esopycckom cJIOBape Kak CHHOHHMBI nopeicracys (BanksakKy) — cirasaracys (ApaBa, pa- uplBa) — M4birinasaracųs (CLeH), cnaekaxne— nakapaune, Kapa (pyc. gabickanue). B nape earynaxk— copr nepBulii TePMHH 0603HayaeT pasHo- BH/IHOCTb TOBapoB, a COPT, KPOMe 3TOr0,— Pa3HOBHAHOCTb KYJIbTYpHbIX pa- CTEHHH. Boabmyio rpynmy JekcHYeCKHX Ay6GJIeTOB, COCTOSIHX H3 GeJIOpyCCKHX (MH J1aBHO 3aHMCTBOBAHHBIX) JIEKCEM, COCTABJSIOT abCOJIIOTHHIE AYOJETH, Hanp.: ObLK — Oyead, eanpyK — napcrok, dybassroyka — 08YxCcT80AKA, CEHA- CKAA0aAbRIK — Kanaxkaad u ap. TepMHHOJOTHYECKOH JIEKCHKe, B OTJHYHE OT OOLieJUTepaTypHOii, MeHee —CBOKCTBEHHbI CTHJHCTHYECKHE CHHOHHMBI, HO NPHBEJEHHbie paHee NpHMeDpbI pa3HbIX cep ynorpebieHns TepMHHOB-Ay0/e€TOB, pa3roBOPHbIX, YCTapeBUIHX H yCTapeBalOUlUX, CBHACTEAbCTBYIOT O HAJHYHH CTHIHCTHYECKOH CHHOHHMHH. Eme onHOfi pa3sHOBHIAHOCTHIO JIEKCHYECKOH BAPHAHTHOCTH B 6GeJOPYCCKOH TEPMHHOJIOTHH SIBJASIETCSl «OTpa)KeHHasi» Ay6JeTHOCTb, T. €. nepemeamas B 6eJOPYCCKYI0 TEPMHHOJIOTHIO H3 PYCCKOro s3blKa, Hamp.: aasac— cabyp, insebLp — CMOKBa — (picasae Opaea; seTpaxiya — Kypacien — akemona, 3a- eico (KalbKa OT pyc. 838eCb) — cycnensisa, KiToaae — KiTaicr, KASUMO — Taypo, CHOPT. paxKeTka---ycr. pakera, BOeH. adcTynienxe — parbipada, ceitu4 — pictysra. Hexroropbie oTpaxKeHHble Ay0JieThl HMEIOT B GeJIOpycCKOM sI3blKe HECKOJIbKO JApyroe yrioTpeOJIienHe. Pycckoe Tugyc siBnsieTcss ycrapes- ITHM TEDMHHOM, KOTOPbIi B 4-TOMHBIH aKaJleMHYECKHH CJIOBADb ye He BKJIO- ueH. Bejopycekne AyOJeTHl Toi) u Toupyc (3aHMCTBOBAHO Ge3 MOCpPeACTBa PYCCKOTO sI3BIKa) HMEIOT Jipyroe pacrnpejejeHHe: Kak MeJAHIHHCKHIA TePMHH ynoTpebasieTcs Told); Tolghyc MWIHPOKO npejicTaBJIeH B COBPEMEHHOH XYVJLO»Ke- CTBEHHOH MpO3e KaK Pa3roBOPHBIH TepMHH IApaJIJIeJIbHO C Tol. Jlekcuueckne pyOjieTHbIe Mapbl TEDMHHOB B 6€JIOPYCCKOM $i3bIKE MOTYT CO- CTOSITb H3 TOJIHBIX H KpaTKHX Ha3BaHHA (3a2aroy4sl. nYHKT — 3Q20TNYHKT, npagecitina-Taxniynas adykayola — npamdraxaJdyKaubia), HO yallle BCEro B 6eJIOPYCCKOM $I3BIKE OHM TPEACTaBJSIOT CcOGofH TaKxe OTpPaxKeHHylo JyOJIeT- HOCTb. CaioBooGpasoBaTe/ibHble BapHaHTH TEPMHHOB — CJIOBA, 00pa3oBaHHBIE OT OJHOTO CJIOBA MNPH NOMOLIH PasJHYHBIX CJIOBOOOpa30BATEJIbHbIX CPEJACTB. Co3jnanHbie NO OAHOH MOJEJNH TEPMHHBI MOTYT OTJHYaThCcs CyOĖOHKCAMH, Hanp.: 6binaijaakK — BbINOY3iHbL, MOBA3HABeY — MOBA3HAYYA, napasbimep- HIK — napaesbimapahbnik, camajradcTea — camayradose, ca4asiya — cawoly- xa, cenanuadlipasbHik — cenanadbopuiublK, TpblCHĖ2 — TPbLICYE, araBiųua — anagka. CioBooOpa3oBaTe/ibHbIe BapHaHTbI TaKXKe MOTMyT OTJIHYAThCS OTCYT- CTBHEM HJIH HaJIHUKHeM cydopukca, Hanp.: anad— anadki, sya — Bydaura, 3anaa — 3aNAAbHIK, MATbLIAL — MATHIAEK, CHE2AHbICT -— CHEe2AA1bIUYANbHIK. OGpasoBaHus THIA 8Y0a4Ka, MATbLAČK BBEJEHBl B paHT TEPMHHOJOTHYECKHX Ha3BAHHH NO/Į BJHSHHEM PYCCKHUX ydouka, 6abo4Kka, H B CrelHaJbHOM Hay4- 42 HOM 000pOTe, KaK H B XHBOII peUH, B /[aHHbIX CJIyuasiX npeHMylMecTBO OCTa- ere1 3a GeccydĖuKcHbiMH GopmaMu (Uero KHe/Ib3; CKa3aTb O BCEX JAPYTHX napax Geccydukcubix H cypdukcanpubix nap). Huse CJIOBO06pa30BaTeJIb- HbIe BapHaHTbI OTJIHYAIOTCA H MOJIeJIAMH H CPeACTBAMH CJIOBOOGpa30BaHHS, Hanp.: 60poléa — y380peanne, Y30pBAHHEe — PA36OPBAHHE, CHezaybopka — cHeeanpulbipatte, cyy3abHariToL — cyyaasraadisanst. Ocobyio pa3HOBH/- HOCTb CJIOBOOG6pa30BaTeJIbHOKH BapHAHTHOCTH COCTABJISIOT CJIOXxXHbIe 06pa3o- BaHHS, B KOTODpbIX BapbHPYETCs OJlHa H3 COCTABHbIX yacTeil, HANp.: KAHAB0O- cr8Aa — KOHezadJoijas, npo4iųick — cynpausųick, npouiparkerHot — cynpaus- pareTnet, camadsapocaije — uct. camagradcreéa. CnoBoo6pasoBaTreJibHble Ba- pHaHTbIi MOTYT OTJIHUATbCS OTCYTCTBHEM—HAaJIHUHEM IpHCTABOK HJIH CAMHMH IIPHCTABKaMH, Hanp.: w4ana — npbliu4snarK, 30mMep — a6mep. Kaxgjiasi pa3HOBH/IHOCTb CJIOBOO06pa30BaTeJIbHORH BapHaHTHOCTH HMEET CBOH 0COOEHHOCTH, CBOH OObeM, CBOIO THIOJIOTHIO. 3IIECb Mbi OCTAHOBHMCSA Ha OJ- HOH rpymnne CyOOHKCAaJIbHOKH BapHaHTHOCTH — OTIJIATOJIbHbIX CYIIECTBHTEJb- HbIX. BO3MOXHOCTh 06pa3cBaHus Ha3BaHUH JEHCTBHS, Npoliecca, COCTOSHHUS, T. €. OTTJIATOJIbHbIX CYIIECTBHTEJbHBIX, IPH MOMOIIH MPOAYKTHBHLIX CyOOHK- coB -HH(s), -K(a) nu 0-cydpdukca cosgaer 6a3y ca0BOOGPa30BATENbHON Ba- puaHTHoCcTH. EcJiH yuecTh, 4TO cydpduKc -#H(e) MOxxET NPHCOEAHHATHCH K OCHOBaM COBEDPpIHeHHOTO H HeCOBeDpIHeHHOTO BHAA, TO KOJHYECTBO BO3MOXKHBIX BapHAHTOB yBeHuHBaercs. He Bce BO3MOXKHBIe MOJIeJIH PeaJu3yIOTCs B A3bI- Ke, HO HaJIHYHe TpeX-YeThipex CYyIIecTBUTEJbHBIX, 0Gpa30BaHHBIX OT OJHOIO rJ1aroJia,— JA0BOJBHO 4YacToe SBJIeHHe, Hanp.: abaasa — abaoy— a6/oijai- 8anne, adbop — adbipanne — adbopka, packarad — packradanxe — packaao- sanne — packaadka. IIponecc o6pa3oBaHus NOJOOHBIX Ha3BaHHH XHBOH H J10- CTaTOUHO aKTHBHBII, NPOJOJIKAETCS PAKTHUECKH BCe BpeMsi (Hamp.: 8510pa- Koyeanne — 8610paroijKa, sanipaeanne — 3anasanne, TAYUYABAHHE — TAYUL- 43HHe), a TeHJEHIHH K OTDpaHHUeHHIO KaKOro-JIKGO ompelesieHHOro Tuma o6- pa30BAHHSA OTIVIATOJIbHBIX CYIIECTBHTEJNBbHBIX NMOKa He Habuwonaercs. Bapu- AaHTbI OTIJIArOJIbHBIX CYLIECTBHTEJbHBIX BCTYNAIOT B CJOXKHbIE CeMaHTHYECKHE OTHOLIEHHS, KOTOpbIe MOryT GEBITb B OOINeM OXapaKTePH30BaHBI KaK CeMaH- THYECKOE TOMKIECTBO H HETOX/KECTBO. [IJ HOpMAJIH3AlIHH YNOTDeOJICHHS Ba- PHAHTOB OTTINIATOJIbHbIX CYylIĮeCTBHTEJIbHbIX HEO0OXOAHMO JĮJIS Ka)K/0H BapH- aHTHOH Pa3HOBHAHOCTH YCTaHABJHBATb CEeMaHTHYECKOE TOXKAECTBO HJH He- TOXK/JEeCTBO ee BapHaHTOB. TTonHOe ceMaHTHYECKO® H CTHIHCTHYECKOE TOXKAECTBO HAOJIJJLaETCS B 1y6- JeTax CYLIeCTBHTeJIbHbIX, OOpa30BAHHbIX OT OJAHOBHAOBBEIX GECIPHCTaBOUHBIX TJ1aroJIoB PH NOMOIIH CyOOHKCOB -#H(e) u -k(a), Haup.: sapcasanHe — sap- coyKka, sepbasanne — 8apboyKa, 2aa3ypasante — eaa3ypoyka, 2padsipasan- He — epadsipojka, karandpasanne — Karandpoyka, xaribpasanre — kaai6- poyka. B nepeuHcJieHHbIX H HM NMOAOGHBIX CYIIECTBHTENbHBIX TOJKOBHI CJIO- Bapb 6eJIOpycCcKOTO si3blka He Bbl/IEJISeET NMPEAMETHHIX 3HAUCHHĖ, HO B SA3BIKO- BOH MPaKTHKe B GOJIbIIHHCTBE CIy4YaeB CYIeCTBHTENbHEE Ha -K(a) OTMeUeHb OTTEHKOM 3aKOHYEHHOCTH, HMEIOT NnpHu cebe onpenenenus (npsiexays na BAp- 43 60ijųo,, gaconnas sapcoyka, yoarasn epoimipoiįjkKa) Hu, KaK npaBHJIO, OTJIKUA- IOTCS; HEKOTODpEIM NMPEHMYLIECTBOM IO YacTOTe VYNOTpėOJIeHHA. Ilonnoe ceMaHTHYECKOE H CTHJIHCTHYECKOE COOTBETCTBHE HMEIOT CYymecT- BHTeJIbHbIe, OOpa30BaHHbIe OT BHAOBHIX Nap NPHCTABOUHLIX TJIATOJIOB, HATP.: abrousanne — abrouka, aomyysawne — admyrka, adnaisanne — adnaixa; Jdazaproiįjeanne — 0az2apToyKa, nepataKanb8anne — nepauarkanka; asanodan- He — asanrodsarne, abmeprasanne — a6maproijaanne, adciaente — adcaol- BaHHe; anpamaHeHHe — anpameKbeadnne, ATASACAMACHHE — ATAACAMAIBAHHE. B oTruiarosibHbIX Cyl1eCTBHTEIBHBIX, 06PAa30BaHHBIX OT HApHbIX IJIAaroJIOB CO- BEPIIEHHOrO H HECOBEPUIEHHOTO BH/IOB, He COXpaHS5eTCS MPOTHBONOCTABJCHHE COBEPIIEHHOCTH—HECOBEPIIEHHOCTH JeHCTBHSA. YKa3aHue B CJIOBAPsX Ha CBA3b C IJ1aroJIOM TOTO HJIH HHOTO BH/la CKOpee BCEero OCTaeTCsl yKa3aHHEM B MJaHe BbIDaXKeHHs, T. €. yKazaHHeM Ha ero obpasoBanue. Cp.: asasodarnHe cymen- Homi npageciami cara mata monad3i Hu mol (036m Oa A8aL008AHHA HOBbI- Mi Kpbiniųami 3Hepeii; c APYroi CTOPOHBI — paboTa na asanodannio MaticTap- CTéam Hu NAUWAL YAKCKin 2a0bl ABAN00BAHHSA MALCTIPCTEAM. B OTHOWIEHHSIX CEMAaHTHYECKOTO TOXKAECTBA MOTYT ObITh H OTIJIATOJIbHBIE cymecTBHTeJIbHbIe ¢ 0-cyddurcom H cyddukcom -#u(e), nanp.: abaoy — ab- aogaieanne, abkopm — abkopmaisanne, abmep — abmepsarte, adcrpaA — adcrpasveanne, soiaay — Boinoijaieanne. HekoTopoe npenuMymecTBO mo 4a- cTOTe ynoTpedJeHHs HMelT 6eccyPdHKCHBIE CymecTBHTEJIbHbIe. B TakoM xe OTHOILIEHHH CEMAHTHYECKOTO TOXKJEeCTBa HaXOASATCS H CYILLeCTBHTEJbHbIE OT 3aHMCTBOBAHHBIX IJIAr0JIOB, OHO H3 KOTOPHIX (Ha -4bls) 3aHMCTBOBAHO, a Apyroe 06pa30BaHo NO MOJIeJiH POAHOrO f3blKa, HAMNp.: anpabaysli— anpa- basanne — anpaboyeanne, apoleHTAUbLA — APLICHTABAHHE — apblenyipojKa, Kamnpamerayobla — Kamnpamerasanre, kKacrpayvii— kacrpeipasanne, Cy- LIEeCTBHTE/NbHBIE Ha -46518 B TOJKOBOM CJIOBAape OOBIYHO HECYT OCHOBHYIO HH- (HOpMaLHOHHYIO HArpy3Ky MH SIBJISIOTCS CEMaHTHYECKHM LEHTPOM BCEro CJIO- BOOOpas30BaTeJbHOTO rHe3/1a. Mex ly OTryIaro/IbHBIMH CYILIECTBHTEJIbHBIMH C pa3HbIMH CyOOHKCAMH MO- ryT ObITb H 60Jiee CJOXKHble OTHOLUEHHS, KOrja B OAHOM H3 BapHAHTOB — game Cc cypoukcom -x£(a) u 0-cybdurcoM — NOMHMO 3HAUEHHSI AEHCTBHS, pasBHBaeTcs 3HaueHHe KOHKPETHOCTH: a) pe3yJbTaT AeHCTBHSA, HANP.: agap- 60ijka «uBeT, OTTEHOK», BbICHINKA «CHIIb», 8AAbLYOYKA «MYyKa», 2pynoyka «0GbeIHHEHHE, TPYINIa», 2PYHTOYKA «CJOH», epadyipogka «nejiennue>, 2ag- polpogka «psijį CKJIaJLOK», abnas «o000XKKEeHHBIH KHPNHY», a0800 «OTBETBJIE- HHE», anata, évinaara, O0anaara <«JAeHbrH», adcey «TO, UTO OTCeS;JIOCb», ACMOA «CMOJIHCTasi JpeBecHHa»; 6) MaTepHas HJIH OpyJHe, NPH IOMOIIH KOTODpOTro OCYILLeCTBJAETCS Ha3blBaeMoe B NIePBOM 3HAUYEHHH JAeHCTBHE, HaMp.: abaamoyka «MaTepHal», 8aAbYOYKa «MallliHa», Opanipoijka «To, ueM 3aApa- NHPOBaHO»; B) cmocob, XapakTep 3TOro AeHCTBHS, Hanp.: Kaadka, AIHEGKQ, waigpogka. Hacto MOTYT HMETh npejįMeTHOe 3HaueHHe CYLIeCTBHTEeJbHbIE Ha -ybLa: epanyaaybli, OAKYMEHTAYbLA, KAMnIiASŲbDIA Xi AP. 3HAYHTENbHO pexe 44 npuoGpeTaoT 3HaYeHHe B BapHAHTHOM pslly cymlecTBHTeJIbHbIe Ha -HH(e), Hanp.: abmynosipasanne, adnpaijrenne, abaamasanue, ea3anne. Bapuantel Ha -#u(e) Hu -eaxm(e) MoryT pasamuarses TeM, YTO OAHH 0060- SHAYAIOT COCTOSIHHE, ApYyrHe — NeHCTBHE, Hanp.: abAcysHeHHe H abACYIHb- sanne, AHAMEUAHHEe H aHAMEYBANNHEe, AnYCTOUAKHE K anycTOLBAaHHe, abacKo- Aepante Hu absackoaepsane. CylecTBuTeIbHBIE 0AHOTO BapHaHTHOTO psina, OyjiyuH COOTHECEHHBIMH C Pa3/JIHYHbIMH SHAUeHHAMH TJIarosa, HMEIOT PasHyl0 ceMaHTHKY. CyllecTBH- TeJ/IbHbIe Ha -HH(e) uallle UMEIOT GOJbuNHĖ AHANA30H 3HAYEHHH TIO cpaBHe- HHIO C CYIIĮeCTBHTeJIbHLIMH Ha -K(a): aOmblijka «ouncTKa OT npuMecefi npo- MbIBaHHeM>, AOCOOKA «OTHEJeHHe NMOJE3HBIX HCKONaeMbiX OT nycTOK nopo- Abi>, adnac «OTKOPM, OTTYJI CKOTa», aOKOC «oTpaboTKa mocoGHiis orpaHHue- HBl B 3HAYEHHSX IO CpaBHeHHIO C aOmMoieaHHe, adcadieanHe, aOnaceanHe, adkowsanHe. Hajnnune c/10BOOGpPa30BaTeNbHEIX BaDHAHTOB CIHOCOGCcTBYEeT H3O8xKAHHIO MHOTO3HAYHOCTH TEDMHHOB. CTAHOBHTCS BO3MOXKHBIM IIpOlNecc aud depeHnna- HH TEPMHHOB, KOTOpPble 00PasylOTCsl OT Pa3JHYHBIX 3HAYEHHI Ty1arosa IPH NOMONIH Pa3HBIX CJIOBOOOpa30BAaTeJIbHbIX CPEJACTB, Hamp.: abxaad «OKpyxKe- HHE 3Bep1 BO BpeMS1 OXOTHI» H abkiadarnHe «0053aTENbCTBO K BHIIJIATE Ha- JIOra»; C.-X. anolaveatte u GOT. anvlaenne; Kancepsasante (rpu6oB, KPOBH) H Kancepeaybla (KPOBH, MPEANPHATHS); 300J. AiHbKA H AIHAHHE (npo okpa- CKY); npblenedante «IKCIIyaTaUus» H GHOJ. npbleHe4sante «<yrHeTeHHe Ka- KHX-JI. 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