J. Balčikonio darbų reikšmė

STUDIES OF THE LITHUANIAN LANGUAGE SANDARS QUESTIONS OF LITHUANIAN LINGUISTICS, XXVI (1987) STASYS KEINYS THE MEANING OF J. BALČIKONIS WORKS On March 25, 1985, it was 100 years since the birth of the famous Lithuanian linguist, academician, professor Juozas Balčikonis. For six decades, he was diligently concerned with the subjects of the native language and left indelible traces in various bars of language education and research. In the years since J. Balčikonis’ death, a lot has been done to preserve and make his legacy easily accessible to all, as well as to try to evaluate his works impartially, to determine their place and significance. What has been done? In 1972, J. Balčikonis published a collection of folk songs recorded by him, “Druskininkų dainos”, most obviously showing his endless love for the people, its culture and respect for ordinary people, whom he cherished and taught others all his life. In 1978—1982, a collection of J. Balčikonis’ “Collected Writings” appeared in two volumes?, prepared and published in accordance with the Decision of the Council of Ministers of the Republic on the commemoration of J. Balčikonis (Tiesa, 24 March 1970). This collection of letters includes all the most important articles and articles on language issues, a series of abstracts of his lectures and letters important for linguistics. New editions of tales translated by J. Balčikonis and some other works of fiction have appeared. A number of articles about the professor’s life and work have been published in scientific publications, newspapers and magazines. Especially many various announcements and events dedicated to J. Balčikonis were on the occasion of his 100th birthday. A jubilee scientific conference dedicated to this date was held in Vilnius, organized by Vilnius State University and the Institute of Lithuanian Language and Literature of the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences. Solemn commemorations were held in the capital of the Republic, other cities and districts, as well as in the hometown of the professor in Ėriškiai. The entire 48th issue of the journal “Language Culture” is dedicated to this occasion and, in addition to a few articles, contains many memories about the linguist*. A commemorative article and a series of memoirs about J. Balčikonis were also published in the publication "Mūsy kalbos". And the publishing house “Šviesa” published a booklet for schools about V. Vitkauskas’ life and scientific and pedagogical activities- ®. The anniversary was widely celebrated by the republic, city and district press, republic radio and television. 1 The Songs of Druskininkai / Written by J. Balčikonis. — V., 1972. — 216 p. 2 Balčikonis J. Selected Writings / Compiled by A. Pupkis. —V., 1978, t. 1. — 408 p.; 1982,. t. 2. —332 p. 8 Language Culture, 1985, ed. 48. — 80 p. 4 Mūsų kalba, 1985, No. 1(119), pp. 3-31. 5 Vitkauskas V. Juozas Balčikonis. — K., 1985. — 112 p. 61 All this allowed both linguists and the public to better know and understand J. Balčikomis’s works, their importance not only for linguistics, the development and education of literary language, but also for the spiritual culture of the nation in general. In the future, we should not forget the unpublished part of J. Balčikonis’ legacy. On the occasion of the anniversary, many mentioned that it would be useful for linguistics to publish J. Otrembski’s “Grammar of the Lithuanian Language” translated and supplemented by the linguist. The folklorists raised the idea of publishing the narrative folklore written by J. Balčikonis. It is possible that we should also think about the publication of his translations that remain in manuscripts or have been published for a long time. A detailed bibliography of J. Balčikonis is required. Undoubtedly, by searching and working through time, he will find more to publish. Thus, both the publication of J. Balčikonis’s legacy and the detailed scientific examination and evaluation should be continued even after the second century after the linguist’s birth. Balčikonis started his language work early. Already as a student, he became acquainted and began to share the same language concerns with the most famous Lithuanian linguists of the beginning of this century, J. Jablonskis, K. Buga and others. Undoubtedly, this turned his whole life to the Lithuanian language, its research, cultivation and education. J. Balčikonis is a representative of the last generation of Lithuanian linguists, who did not have the opportunity to study Lithuanian language and literature in higher education institutions, because for understandable reasons there was no such specialty in the universities of Tsarist Russia. It was nowhere else. Linguists dedicated to the study and development of their mother tongue had to study that language independently, their Lithuanian language universities were in village huts. By the way, many linguists from other countries have graduated from such universities in the past and this century, wanting to learn Lithuanian and get to know the Lithuanian language better. Lithuanian linguists at the end of the last century and the beginning of this century had to dive into the origins of the language themselves, to get a thorough knowledge of its primary sources — the living language of people, ancient writings and the works of the best writers of recent times. These subjects, together with the methodological skills gained in real universities, led to the success of Lithuanian linguists at that time. Finally, this was one of the reasons why these linguists cherished, respected and valued the language of the people, of the ordinary working people of the countryside, more than anyone else. The current Lithuanian linguistics has also received such an attitude from J. Balčikonis, as a testament of the old language workers. After graduating from the University of St. Petersburg, J. Balčikonis worked practical language work in Lithuanian newspapers, and soon began teaching in Lithuanian gymnasiums, later continued at the Panevėžys Teachers' Seminary, the Lithuanian University in Kaunas and Vilnius State University. In the history of Lithuanian schools J. Balčikonis entered not only as a famous mother tongue teacher, but also as an educational organizer. After the First World War, he was an active creator and director of Lithuanian schools in Panevėžys (at first a boys’ gymnasium, then a teacher- ’s seminary). Since 1970, J. Balčikonis’s years spent in Panevėžys (where he himself graduated from real gymnasium) are remembered by the secondary school named after him. Balčikoni’s work of great scientific and civic significance came after the Second World War. He was tasked with restoring the Lithuanian language research in the Republic's Academy of Sciences. From 1945 to 1952 J. Balčikonis was a member of the 62 below The director of the Lithuanian Language Institute was (1946 m. elected Auditor of the Academy), ju especially dedicated to the main works of Lithuanian lexicography. A lot of lako J. Balčikonis had to devote ir himself to the training of Lithuanian teachers. He was alone Restorers of the Lithuanian Language Department Vilnius State University, head of the (1944—1950 m. department, 1948 m. received the title of professor), during the 15 post-war years he worked very hard, together with others, su educating teachers of Lithuanian language and literature vitally needed by the country. ir As the most authoritative linguist, Balčikonis J. had the greatest burden in the education of Lithuanian linguists. ir More than the first 20 candidates of philological sciences defending their dissertations in Soviet times were either supervised or opposed jo by Lithuanian linguists. Together su with a handful of younger generation collaborators J. In the difficult post-war years Balčikonis ir organized the development of Lithuanian ir language research and nurtured Lithuanianist cadres. Ši J. Balčikonis- ’s activities are ir particularly important because they ir helped to develop Lithuanian language research and to ir make Lithuanian linguistics flourish. Pedagogical J. Balčikonis's activities spanned almost five decades. Therefore, it is not surprising that for most of the current Lithuanian ir linguists, a significant part of the older generation of ir Lithuanian language and literature teachers J. Balčikonis is a teacher, a professor. For no one of his pupils will the picture of the professor ever fade. A slow gait, a calm, unheard-of voice… And love, love of the mother tongue, radiating from the whole of the professor- ’s being. Rare high school lecturer was able to maintain such a constant subjective contact with the listeners. He was the only one who constantly drew the attention of his students to the inexhaustible source of life of written language — the language of parents, elders, ordinary people. The stock of the Lithuanian Language Dictionary in the professor- ’s portfolio never ran out. Each of his students was taught how and what words to pick up. The collection of words was not only a dictionary task, but also a lively, uninterrupted connection of students with the living language, the development of an active relationship with it. Only those did not like the professor who did not listen to him, who, in order to become specialists in Lithuanian language and literature, writers or editors, scientists or teachers, did not want to improve their own knowledge of that language. Those who did not understand the greatest desire of this noble man and devout teacher to teach his pupils the most correct, the most beautiful, the most lively language, and to whom the style of newspapers or writings seemed as the only ideal of language that could be pursued in any way, only spread rumors about the professor- 's strangeness, mocked the subjects of his essays, or even were indignant at them. There were also students who learned nothing or almost nothing from J. Balčikonis and remembered only the shaking of the door of the auditorium where the professor gave the exams or the smacking of the study book on the table — you will come next time. But should we judge from this what kind of pedagogue J. Balčikonis was? How can we forget that he was very tactful, never imposing his opinion on anyone! Even for students. And there are always students who are smarter than any professor. J. Balčikonis said that students do not necessarily have to think the same way as he thinks and interprets. However, it is necessary to be able to prove the correctness of your thinking. The professor tried to support his explanations with detailed and obvious evidence. He will always remain an example of uprightness, the ability to defend his opinion, selflessness and at the same time demandingness, right rigor and principle. J. Balčikonis sincerely enjoyed the achievements of his students. He gave an unforgettable, moving speech during the defence of Z. Zinkevičius’ doctoral dissertation in philology. In general, as a member of the Degree Council, J. Balčikonis often spoke during the dissertation defences. Not a single doctoral candidate was probably very afraid of these languages, because 63 the professor demandingly and without concessions demanded from everyone a good knowledge of the mother tongue. And he was especially demanding of academically-oriented linguists. The words of the professor still sound like a commandment today: “A candidate of philological sciences must be able to give his precise opinion about every writing – to say whether the language of that writing is good, what it lacks. To be able to say this, he must not make mistakes in his own language, speak lively"* and "Lithuanians should first write correctly, lively and fluently". J. Balčikonis’s creative legacy also includes articles on the teaching of the mother tongue, as well as textbook reviews. These clearly show how seriously prof. Balčikonis looked at the issues of language teaching and at teachers themselves and their training (“Can anyone who can distinguish letters from harrows be a Lithuanian language teacher?” — J. Balčikonis asked not without mockery in the article “Lithuanian language at our university” published in 1927). His own pedagogical activities together with these articles are a prominent page of practical Lithuanian pedagogy and methodology, important and significant even today for various schools. In order to improve and improve mother tongue teaching, the experience of the best mother tongue teachers must be thoroughly studied and taken into account. In this regard, it seems that the present methodology could take a lot from the pedagogical legacy of J. Jablonskis and J. Balčikonis. Many Lithuanians of the middle and older generations consider it a great honour to be called J. Balčikonio pupils. This is the best appreciation of the teacher's work. Such assessment is usually earned by those teachers who have learned a lot. J. Balčikonis opened the real world of language to his students, convincingly showing that the mother tongue must be studied with no less devotion than other languages and other subjects. J. Balčikonis, as a linguist and teacher, had a special mission. As a contemporary and associate of the first professional Lithuanian linguists, he was like a bridge connecting the legacy of Lithuanian linguistics of the beginning of the century with current linguistics. This connection between generations, respect for the legacy of their field of study and careful scientific evaluation of it, the transmission of the best traditions, seem to have been among the most important things that guaranteed the rapid qualitative growth of Lithuanian linguistics today. J. Balčikonis cherished the memory of J. Jablonski and K. Buga throughout his life. He constantly instilled respect and love for the great Lithuanian linguists in his students, showed their works by example to everyone and was himself the most faithful and consistent successor of their work. And now the name of J. Balčikonis himself has been inscribed in the history of Lithuanian language science, not blasphemously, alongside the names of the most famous workers of that science, the professor- ’s colleagues. ¢ Balčikonis J. Selected Writings, vol. 1, p. 302. 7 Ibid., p. 362. 8 Ibid., p. 61. 64 For almost four decades J. Balčikonis continued K. For more than half of the time he was the editor-in-chief of the dictionary, the work manager and the main organizer. The to dictionary was destined to ir become J. Balčikonis's greatest work. The history of this dictionary has one special feature that all the — time compels the jo editorshut up, as soon mi as possible to give, as they say, to the public a finished work. In the early 1920s between K. Booga callers ir rushers was the ir same J. Balčikonis. Later, from 1930 m. who took the helm of this work of Lithuanian studies, the J. Balchikony was ir even dazzled by the other ones who made him hurry. However, a huge work was planned essential — addition to the vocabulary database (in fact, its composition, because the previous one, the K. one of Bogha, was surpassed several times), establishing the foundations of the dictionary preparation (the dictionary prepared by J. Balčikonis was of a completely different nature than the one that Bogha had just begun, so there is no truth in the iš ir jo continuation; K.. The Booga dictionary is only the origin of the great “Dictionary of Lithuanian Language”) and the writing of the dictionary itself, editing, reading mountains of proofreading — required much more energy and time than my own chief editor was initially. The first volume of the dictionary took a decade. The ir work seemed to go faster, but J. Balčikonis managed to publish only the first two volumes (vol. I — 1941, vol. II — 1947). After preparing the third volume and starting the fourth, others had the intention to change somewhat the dictionary’s structure, and this again halted the preparation of the dictionary for some time (volume III, re-edited, now without J. Balčikonis, was published in 1956). There are now 14 volumes of the Great Lithuanian Dictionary. The dictionary has long been the largest, most impressive and most important work of Lithuanian linguistics, winning wide recognition not only in Lithuania, but also far beyond its borders. It is a matter of honour for the dictionaries to make sure that the readers get the last volume of an academic dictionary in this century. The Dictionary and J. Balčikonis are still inseparable today, and his many years of hard work yield a good harvest. In the history of Lithuanian linguistics, J. Balčikonis has entered as one of the greatest leksikografy, organizer, director and editor of the great dictionary. It is therefore symbolic and legitimate that everyone entering the large room of the Dictionaries Department of the Institute of Lithuanian Language and Literature is greeted by a portrait of J. Balčikonis. Balčikonis was also J. Jablonski’s most loyal associate, and after his death, his most consistent successor. In the mind, not only J. Balčikonis carefully prepared and published in five volumes almost all articles of J. Jablonski?. Above all, J. Balčikonis’ own educational work on literary language and its culture is not forgotten. Throughout his life as a linguist, he was a consistent guardian of the folklore of the literary Lithuanian language, and he himself was undoubtedly the best teacher of the folk language. Like J. Jablonski, J. Balčikoni was alienated by purist attitudes, which he always and everywhere, both in his work on terminology, especially in language corrections and pedagogical work, resolutely denounced. Like J. Jablonskis, J. Balčikonis had strict judges at his work all the time. But he never lowered the flag, always fought to the end and honourably. * Jablonskio raštai /Edited by J. Balčikonis. —K., 1932—1936, t. 1—5. 3. 1835 65 Language proofreading is a complex, knowledge-intensive job. In the history of contemporary literary Lithuanian, many have taken up this work in one way or another. The language was corrected by the most experienced linguists, who today can boldly be considered classics of literary language standardization, and by beginner linguists, and by non-linguists at all, by knowledgeable and completely incompetent people. There are still various correctors. As with any job, it is easy to make mistakes. On the other hand, far from all the very good suggestions of the language correctors are adopted. This applies both to the activities of J. Jablonski and to those of the linguists who assembled after his death: the Linguists of the “Native Language- ”. This is also the fate of Mr Balčikonis' amendments. His individual corrections seemed strange to both students and some linguists. so otherwise more actively expressing their opinion about various things People. Proposals to replace, for example, onion with onion, eagle with eagle, umbrella with umbrella, or collective farm with collective farm, in the vocabulary of the established literary language must have looked really strange. Some of J. Balčikoni's amendments have been heavily criticized- ®. It is true that in the heat of the dispute, the critics did not manage to remain objective on all issues. Now, more than a quarter of a century after those days, it is much easier to both notice and weigh. Time is the best judge in this respect. Now both linguists and anyone interested in language have easy access to J. Balčikonis’ works on language culture. They are contained in the aforementioned "Collected Writings". And it is clear from them that the absolute majority of those amendments are extremely valuable and necessary. They are signed by each competent language normsetter. J. Balčikonis’ language educational activities cannot be limited to the aforementioned articles alone. In order to ensure that young people had as many books written in a lively, correct language as possible, he prepared for printing and re-edited M. Valančius- ’s “Rastus” (Kaunas, 1931). But most importantly — for all Lithuanian children J. Balčikonis is a famous fairy tale grandfather. He became a grandfather, in fact, in his youth and remained so all his life. For several generations Lithuanians have admired the fairy tales of H. K. Andersen, the Brothers Grimm, V. Hauf, S. Pero, told in Lithuanian by J. Balčikonis. In addition, he has translated the Arabic fairy tales "A Thousand and One Nights", J. Verne, "Around the World in 80 Days", J. K. Rowling. Swift’s Gulliver’s Travels, not to mention his youthful translations of many little-known works by Chekhov, Mopassan, Tolstoy and others. Balčikonio translations of beautiful, regular language are a great school of mother tongue, which probably every child goes through today. Linguists, when selecting; for all kinds of his works material from the living language, Lithuanian literature classes, folklore and other sources, not forgetting J. Balčikonis translations. These translations have even one very important advantage over many other sources — it is not possible to doubt the popularity, the correctness of any word, any sentence. If the professor, after nine attempts, cuts off the tenth, then the saying is either from the living language, or he agrees with it altogether. 10 For further details, see : Linguistic consultation. —A Soviet student, May 7, 1959 66 By your translations J. Balčikonis did a great positive work of "education of the culture of the mother tongue. Iš the most important school of language culture are language ir corrections, ne teachings of linguists, how not to write and say as it should, ir examples of impeccable language, ir complete texts. o This was well understood by prominent Lithuanian language teachers J. Jablonskis ir J. Balčikonis. In this regard J. Balčikonis outperfir ormed himself J. Jablonski. So only by adding up a pile į of direct own J. Balčikonio pedagogical work (especially in preparing teachers of Lithuanian ir language and literature), jo translations, language corrections, lexicographic work (also organizing and preparing ir the first edition of the “Dictionary of Contemporary Lithuanian Language”, published in Vilnius in ), the standardization of the nomenclature, 1954 the preparation of Jablonski’s J. writings, the publication, it is possible to ir understand how much productively the professor worked for the development of ir literary language and its culture. In the history of ir Lithuanian linguistics in this respect the name will always be written ir together with the names of jo its most prominent workers. A lot of time su J. Balčikonis assigned Lithuanian place names to personal names, ir wrote many of them himself, and actively jų normalized them. He published articles on this ir subject. In the process of standardising place names, the professor consistently kept himself ir apart and taught others to adhere to the principle of authenticity. Priority is given in all cases to the jo variants of names used by local people, actively opposing artificial newly created placenames. He pointed out that Wedding in Vilnius į "Neri Creek from Seliete" no Vilnia, o ne Vilnelė, that near The name of the town in Vilnius is ne Maišidcgala, but Maišiagala ir et al. J. Balčikonis introduced i into literary ir ne usage one another authentic Lithuanian place name, although in all cases ir the works ne were accepted jo with reservatiobe ns, some of them even o criticized. ne Considering that “every place name is a monument of our past, a document left by previous generations”, he once said that the first task of the nomenclature area is to ne collect all place names, from the largest to the smallest. The researchers of the Lithuanian Language Literature Institute, with their numerous collaborators, are already finishing their work. ir su tą J. Balčikonis was a linguist and philologist ir of broad interests. He was interested in the history of Lithuanian ir literature, wrote articles about Lithuanian linguists, the contribution of Russian scholars to Lithuanian language science. On į various occasions, he wrote about scholars of other nations involved in Lithuanian studies, he was pleased with every new work on the Lithuanian su language, one of which he favorably presented to the public. Unforgettable ne jų J. Balčikonio rū-; painting with Lithuanian language monuments. J. Otrembski- ’s collection of ancient Lithuanian texts “Teksty litewskie. I. Teksty dawne” (Warsaw, 1957) 2002), the review clearly states: “In order to know your language well, you have to know its history. Now, in general, we know little about our old language. Among other reasons for the lack of recognition is the lack of easily accessible texts, most importantly the absence of o komentary! ?, — Realizing this, he already prepared a photograph before the war M. Petkevičius’ edition of the Catechism, and in commemoration of the first three editions of the Lithuanian grammar11 Balčikonis J. Rinktiniai raštai, t. 1, p. 73. 12 At the same time, p. 278. 3 67 jų on the centenary anniversary, he actively helped to ir prepare the edition of that grammar and its summary with a translation into Lithuanian. In addition, about individual language monuments, especially... jų new editions, Balčikonis has J. published some articles. Folklore plays an important role in the professor’s philological legacy. Like many: ir philologists of the old generation, Balchikons J. only ne cherished folklore, used it in his ją scientific works in pedagogical activity, but ir collected. ir In presenting to the reader the collection of Druskininkai songs ir prepared for printing by the professor, Sauka wrote L. that the collection is “a significant step in highlighting the geographical coordinates of Lithuanian folk songs. This publication is a mark on the map of singing folklore publication, both by the abundance of the material presented in a narrow, unexplored region, and by its authenticity, iš while highlighting the specificity and value of the publication due to ir the linguistic nature of the “3, writing of the texts: “There ir are currently only a few folklore publications of a linguistic profile. 19th century a. brilliant linguists — A. Schleicher, F. Fortunatov, F. Kuršaitis, A... Leskin, K. Brugman, J. Jablonski and others’ interest in Lithuanian folklore has yielded beautiful fruits. This work was later abandoned. So in this ir regard prof. J. Balčikonis’ Druskininkai Songs is a significant book, reviving the attention of scholars to the language of songs’*. Vertinti J. Balčikonio works ir activity is required, ir as usual in science, primarily according to what he was ir ką did with respect to their time, the works ar jo and ir activities helped the progress of science, the ir lasting jų value and importance of current science to language practice. ir Now, almost two decades later, po J. Balčikonis's death, the extraordinary merits jo of Lithuanian linguistics to the ir language itself are clearly visible. True, ne everything is done exactly as sewn J. Balčikonis ar was jo started conceived. ir In his overview work “The History of the Study of the Lithuanian Language”, A. Sabaliauskas, having in mind the dubious aspects of J. Balčikonis’s activities, wrote: “Not all of his linguistic corrections were accepted by both former and present Lithuanian linguists. Academic The “Dictionary of Lithuanian Language” is ne being edited entirely according to the principles jį Balčikonis. Jo translations, being iš truly excellent examples of folk language, perhaps ne always accurately reflect the style of the original. However, these things cannot in any way diminish Balčikonio great contributions to the Lithuanian language and nų its scientific practice.”* — ir Majority J. Balčikonio scientific ideas have firmly grown į into Lithuanian linguistics and have become an integral part of it. The main work he began was the great one. The Lithuanian Language Dictionary is — successfully continuing. J. Balčikonisir ’s scientific and language practice legacy has an undeniable survival value, has helped and continues to help to develop Lithuanian language research, to develop and improve the literary language itself. His contributions to the training of mother tongue teachers and to the development of contemporary Lithuanian linguistics will never be forgotten. 13 Sauka L. Prof. "Bob Marley's Songs". - Kn. : Druskininkai songs /Written by J. Balčikonis, p. 7. 14 Idem, p. 8. 15 Sąbaliauskas A. History of the Lithuanian language. 1940—1980 m. — V., 1982, p. 42. 68 He was a ir significant contributor to prof. J. Balchik Life. Being a great beekeeper amateur, all his life he ir himself it ta hardworking bee of be noise, constantir ly devoted to work for the sake of the native language. Symbolic was ir jo the last journey was — the return į to the homeland, su with which he had grown up never breaking ir away from it. White, like the clothes of a fairytale queen, the roads of the native iš land Vilnius mourning machines su with a large group of professor's students and ir collaborators throughout He was accompanied to Lithuania by his teacher, a į jo prominent linguist from his native Sodziai. "There, with his parents, relatives, neighbors, he wished to return forever. There, “in the graves of the native land, 1969 m. February 8 d. rose a sand dune, dear all Lithuania. 3HA4UEHHE HAYYHBIX TPYJIOB H YOU ARE THE BEST 10. BAJIbYHKOHUCA We're going to Rome from Vienna. Akanemun Hayk JIutCCP, npodeccop FO. Banpuukonnc (1885 — 1969) Ha MPOTSKCHAM IIECTH NON-CUTTING HEYCTAHHO He's got to get out of here. ITocne CMepTH A3bCOCOA 'HEMAJIO M3/]aHO difference TpyjIoB (B 1972 r. m3gan COODpHHK JIKTOBCKHX I'm sorry, Cooper. -M MOATOTOBJECHHBIX K I'm sorry, I'm sorry. B 1978—1982 rr. BLOmeJi ABYXTOMHHK H3OpaHHbIX HAYYHBIX TpYJIOB, MOSBJIAIOTCS HOBbIC H3JIAHHSA MEPEBEICHHBIX HM HA JIMTOBCKHŪ S3BIK CKA3OK H Ap. IpoH3BeJIeHHH XYJJOXeCTBeHHOH JiuTepaTypbIi). B Hayunoit H OOnLIECTBEHHO-I!OJIHTHYeCKONH Ite4aTH BUSINESS CENTER IHeJIbIĖ Ps CTATEN, B KOTODBIX OCBAINEHA XKH3BHL H aesarensHocTh FO. Bash- "uukKoHHca. K 100-neturo co mus poxienus si3pikopena B m3mamusx The Culture of Language (,,KyasTypa pean”, 1985, Bei. 48) m "Our language" (,Hama peus“, Nel), 1985, Omy6IMKOBAHEI CTATHH "O HEATENbHOCTH H TpyAax FO. Barrsunkonuca H BOCIOMHHAHHS €ro GIM3KMX H YYeHHKOB, M31aHA gun B. 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Bajsunkonnca, B cBoeit Hayunol nestensrocty FO, BajisLunkoHHc NpOKOJIXHJI paboTy, Ha4aTYRO H3BECTHEIMH JIKHTOBCKHMAH A3bIKOBeJIaMH Ū. SI6nouckucom (1860— 1930) u K. Byroii (1879— 1924). C 1930 r, IO. Bansuukonuc GUT rJIaBHbIM PENACTOPOM, OPraHM3aTOPOM, BIOXHOBHMTENEM H PYKOBOIHTEJieM KAIMTAJIBHOTO MHOTOTOMHOIO CJIOBaps JIMTOBCKOIO S3bIKA, a BIIOCNEICTBHM CTA] KpYITHElHIIIHM JIATOBCKAM I'm a sugar daddy. Bnaromaps ero YcHJIiusiM Get co3mana Gonbin KaproTexa, BEIpaOOTAHbI IIpHHIHIIbI CO3AAHAS H M3JaHbI Ba MePBHIX Tom. B HacTosmee Bpems HAYaTyIo IO. BambsuukoHHCOM CnOBapHYO paboTy YCHENnIHo MODIFICATIONS JIMTOBCKHe S35IKOBeJIbI (H31aHO 14 TOMOB aKaJeMH4YECKOro CJIOBADpa), Beto ¢Boio xu3b FO. BajibunKOHHC aKTHBHO HCCJIe/ĮOBAJI JIMTOBCKHI JIMTEPATYDHBIN S3BIK, SIBJIASICH COPATHHKOM H FOR INTERESTED PARTIES Jieia KJIACCHKA HODMAJIM3alIHH 3TOro s3bika Wi. You're not a duck. The sacnyrax FO. I'm not sure if I'm right. I'm not sure if I'm right. I'm not sure if I'm right. I'm not sure if I'm right. I'm not sure if I'm right. H - What's going on? OH nonroTOBHJI K w3nanmio counnenust WU. SIGnonckuca B mat Tomax (Kaymac, 1932-1936), «CaM IIHCAJI CTATLH H PELEH3HH ITO BOMPOCAM KYJIbTYDpbI DEYH H Bel COOTBETCTBYIOIIHE Dpaliuo69