Лексическая диффузия

LIETUVIŲ KALBOTYROS KLAUSIMAI, XXVIII (1989) KALBŲ RYŠIAI IR SĄVEIKOS BS519ECJIAB MHUXAMJIOBHU ITAHBKWUH JEKCUYECKAS JUODY3UA Camo nousTHe ,MeXHaUMOHAJNbHOE OGIIECHHE B CTPYKType OOIIecCTBEeHHBIX OTHOWICHMI, XapakTepHBIX [UI COBETCKOrO MHOTOHAIMOHAJBHOTO OOIneCTBA, BBICTYNAET KaK COLMOJIMHIBHCTHYECKAs KaTeropus. MexnarmonajibHoOe OOIeHHe — HeOOXOJIHMOE YCJIOBHE YKpENJICHHS BM PA3BHTHS MPOYHOrO KOHOMHYECKOTO COI03a COBETCKHX DPECINYOJIKK, OCYNIECTBJIEHHSA IKOHOMHYECKHX, TONHTHYECKHX, CONHAJIL- HO-GBITOBBIX, KYJNbTYPHBIX H JIDYTHX CBSi3el MekKIy HAUMSMH WH HApOJIHOCTAMH CTpaHbI. ITH CBA3H NPHHAMAIOT XapakTep HHTEHCHBHOTO B3aMMOJEHCTBHS H OGY- CJIOBJIHBAIOT HHTEHCHBHOCTh MEXHAIMOHAJIBHOTO OOILeHHS. MHTEHCHBHOCTL MEXHAIHOHABLHOTO OOINEHHS H CONpOBOXJI2HONIHE ee NpOneCCbI HHTepHAIlIHOHAJIH3AIIHH 3PDHMBI CErOJIHA BO BCeX OOJIACTSX XH3HH COBETCKHX JTIO- Niel — TpOM3BOJCTBEHHOM, OOILIECTBEHHO-IIOMATHYECKOMN, HAYYHOM, XVJIJOXECTBEH- HOM, (PU3KYIBTYPHO-CIIOPTHBHOM, TYPHCTHYECKOH H T. Jį. HHTEHCHBHOCTL MeKHa- UKOHAJIbHOTO OOINEHHS, B KaKOH GBI OGJIACTH OHO HH OCYILIECTBIISIIOCH, BHIPAKAETCS IIpeXkJIC BCETO B YNJIOTHEHHH HENMOCPEACTBEHHBIX SA3BIKOBBIX KOHTAKTOB MEXIY A3BIKOM MEKHAIMOHANBHOTO OOINEHHS — PYCCKAM H S3bIKAMH HAIMOHAb- HbIMH. Ho 4ejroBe4ueckoe OOiuneHHe kak TAKOBOE H, pa3yMeeTcs, OOINEHHe MeXHAIHO- HAJIbHOE, B KOHEYHOM CHYeTe OCYIUECTBIISETCS 4epe3 JH4YHbIE (BEepHEe, JTHYHOCTHBIC) OTHOLICHHS JIIOJICH, CBSI3aHHBIX HEMOCPE/JICTBEHHBIMH KOHTakTaMH. B ciyuae MEXHAIHOHAJILHOIO aKTa pevYeBON KOMMYHHKAIMH, Ha KakOM Obl S3bIKE OHO HH OCYLIECTBIIANOCH, Mepe/l HAMH Ba 4eJIOBEKA pa3HONM HAIMOHAJBHOCTH, C pa3JIHų- HBIMH, €CJTH TaK MOXHO BbIDa3HTbCS, CNENM(PHUUSCKHMH UepTAMH HAIlIHOHAJIbHOTO XapakTepa, HOCHTejiH pa3HbIX SA3BIKOB, NCHXOJIOTHM, KYJIBTYp, TPAJMIMK H T. I. WnTepHanmonanu3amus COBeTCKOTO 00pasa JKM3HH OTHIONb HE TNpPeANoNaraet HC4e3HOBEHHS HAIIHOHAJIbHO-CNenMOHuecKOoro. B cere yuenns B. WU. Jlennuna, un- TEPHAIHOHAJIbHOE He eCTh OesHanmonanbHoe. CoBeTckHe OHJIOCOOkI H COLKHOJIOTH OTMEYAIOT, YTO ,,HHTCPHALMOHAJIM3ALMS HE TOJIbKO He BEET K HHBEJIHDOBKE BCEX aTpHOYTOB HALMOHAJIBLHOTO, K JIMKBH/IAMA HCTOPHYECKH CJIOXHBINHXCA GOPM XK3- HeJIesSITEJIbHOCTH TOTO HJIH HHOTO HADpOJIa, ero MpOrpecCHBHBIX OOLI4aeB H TpaaH- LE, HO, HANpOTHB, PACKPENOIUAeT BCE MOTEHIMH HAMM, CO3][26T HeOOXOJIHMEIE YCJIOBHS JŲIS BCECTOPOHHErO MPOsBJICHHS HalLHOKHAajIbHOTO“ (cM.: MHTepHALHOKHAJIL- HOE H HALIHOHAJIbHOE B COLHAIMCTHYECKOM OOpa3e xXH3HH cOBeTCKOro Hapona 1985, 191), uro ,npouecc MHTepHANMOHANM3AIMH GONLIIMHCTBA cep xXH3HH HALIErO obliecTBa COMPOBOXKIAETCH POCTOM HAUMOHAJIBHOIO CaAMOCO3HAHHA™ (Bpomuteii 153 1987, 3) Ha ocHOBe 3KOHOMHMYECKOTO, COLMAJBHOIO H KYJIbTYpHOTO nporpecca COBETCKHX HAIWM. VnnotHenue HeIIOCPEICTBEHHBIX A3BIKOBBIX KOHTAKTOB IPH HHTEHCHBHOCTH NPOLECCOB MeXHANHOHAJILHOTO OOINEHHSA B COBPeMEHHbIH MepHo (YHKIHOHHPO- BaHHS PYCCKOTrO S3bIKA CTHMYJIHPYET HHTEHCHBHOCTb NMPOHUKHOBEHHS JIEKCHUECKHX e/IMHHII B PYCCKHIl TPH peaJIM3alHH ero B pe“H Ha ypPOBHE MEKHAIMOHAIBHOTO 0011ie- Hus. HaGmronenns Haj nmpoueccaMu INPOHUKHOBEHHS JIEKCHYECKHX eJIHHHŲ H3 Ha- LHHOHAJIBHBIX A3BIKOB B PYCCKHil HA YPOBHE MEXHAUMOHAJIBHOIO OOINECHHSA INpHBeJIH HAC K BBIBOZY O HAJIHYHH B KaX0M H3 KOHTAKTHPYIOUIMX C PYCCKHM S3BIKOB OIpe- JICJICHHOTO TijIacTa cBoeoOpa3Hoii daKTypHONH JIEKCHKH, KOTOpas MOXET (yHKImo- HHDpOBATb B PYCCKOM si3bIKE, OCTaBasiCh BHC ETO CHCTEMBI, BBICTYNAsi B TO Xe BpeMs B KayecTBe S3bIKOBOTO CPEICTBA BBIPAXEHHS HalLHOHAJIbHOTO KOJIOpHTa. Takyio JIEKCHKY MbI Ha3bIiBaeM HJHOOy3HOHHONH, a CAM Npouecc ee NMPOHHKHOBEHHS B pyccKHŪ S3bIK MPH MHTEHCHBHOCTH MEXHAUMOHAJIBHOTO OOILEHHS M YIUIOTHCHHH A3BIKOBBIX KOHTAKTOB HallHOHAJIbHBIX S3BIKOB C DYCCKHM — JIEKCHUECKON aud dy- 3ue# (mo aHaJ)IOTHH NpUMEHEHHS 3TOro TepMHHA B (u3mke). B xHure Aiibeka wBemukuii nyt” (M., 1980) Tomo Ha 60 c. obHapyxeno 150 muddysnonnbix y30eKCKHX JieKceM: ČGeimbi ~JABYCTHIIMS', Haceaii ‘XeBaTeJbHbIM Tabak‘, mumman- Xana “MyXxckKas TOJIOBHHa JOMa‘, caqunanyk ‘yKpallleHHe H3 UepHbIX TOJICTHIX LICJIKOBBIX HHUTe#H Cc cepeOpsHbiMu OybeHnamm uw Gaxpomoii Ha KOHOAx' H T. IT. B nosectn III. Beitmenamuesa , Kenan“ (M., 1959) na 175 c. 6onee 150 ciyuaes ynotpebienus aud@y3HOHHBIX KHDTH3CKHX CnoB: Tyanap ‘CKa304HbI KOHB’, Moa00 "MyJiJIa, TyXOBHOE JIMLO , cazadacw! (1ackoBoe obpailenue K JIETSM) H T. II. Ssnenue nuddy3nn MOXHO HAOJIPOJIATb B JIFOGOM PYCCKOM TEKCTe, OPHEHTHPOBAH- HOM Ha M300pakeHHe HaliHOHAJIbHONH HJIK 3apybexHoii cneunduku. Hanp., B ouep- ke B. Kopornua (Oronek. 1987, Ne 35) okono 30 nudpy3HOHHBIX KHTANCKHX JIEK- ceM: [yeyn “3uMuMi nsopeu’, my "m. — 0,14 ra’, oans ‘neHexHas eJAMHHLA’, MAO- mail “HanuTOK K T. A. B ouepke A. BopoBuka ,BcTperHmes y Tpex kKypasiei* (Oronek. 1987, Ne 30) taxxe HaaudecTByeT GOJILINOC KOJIHYUECTBO AM(DY3HOHHBIX aranckux jexceM THna Xeap “pexa’, Modxcaxed TIpOBOJIHHK" H T. II., a TaKxe JAud- (y3HOHHBIX CJIOB, KOTOpPbIE OCBOEHBI PYCCKHM S3bIKOM H KBaJH(PHIMPYIOTCS Kak 3aUMCTBOBAHHBIE — KUWIAGK, Cypa, 4aopa, myiia V Ap. Hajinuune B pycckoif peun JIEKCHYECKHX eJIHHHŲ APYroro S3bIKA Tak HJIH WHAYE OOBACHAETCS A3bIKOBLIMH KOHTAKTAMH, IpSMbIMH (HENOCPEJCTBEHHBIMHA) WIA KOCBEHHBIMH (ONOCpejj0BaHHbIMH). Ho B TOM HM JIpyTOM CJIy4ae NMpOHHKHOBEHHE JIEKCHYECKHX €IHHHI[ M3 KOHTAKTUPYIOIIEro $3bIKa OCYIUECTBJISIETCS HE CAMO TO cebe, a mocpeaACTBOM OOIIAIONIMXCS MeXAy COGOON Joell, MPOXOAUT 4Yepe3 TBOP- 4eCKOe CO3HAHHe JIMYHOCTH — JIBYSI3bIYHOTO TIHCATEJIS, KYPHAINCTA, NEPeBOAYHKA (HJIH TPOCTO 4esIoBeKa, B KAKOH-TO Mepe 3HAKOMOTO CO BTOPBIM A3BIKOM). IlpoHuxxrHoBeHHe, pasymeeTCs, He O3HAYAET 3aKPETLICHHs HOBBIX JIEKCEM B KOH- TaKTHPYIOLIEM A3BIKE, B €ro JIEKCHYECKOW cHcTeMe H cioBape — obuieynorpe6u- TeJIbHOM JIEKCHKOHe. [lis TaKoro 3akperuieHuss HEOOXOJIHMBbI W3BECTHBIE YCIIOBHS, peajibHas NOTPeGHOCTH HOMMHAILIMH, OLIyIIaeMas O6IIECTBEHHOI S3bIKOBON Mpak- THKOM, HAJIMYKEe B JICKCHMKO-CEMaHTHYECKOH CHCTEME JIAKYHHON MIM BbICBOGOJIHB- 154 WeHCs SAYCHKH, TOTOBOH BMeCTHTb HOBbIč 3HAYEHHS, HOBOE IIOHSTHE, HOBYPO LUIS 3aHMCTBYPONIeTO f3bIKa HH(DOpMAIIMKIO. BujiuurB He ciy4aiHo npuberaeT K HCI[OJIb30BAHHIO B pycCKON peuKH CJIOB CBOE- ro pOJĮHOTO sA3bIKa, OH Kak Obl 3aMMCTBYET H3 pOJIHOTO A3LIKA „TE MOHATHSA HJIH HX OTTeHKH, Ty OKpacKy, HaKOHel, KOTOpble KaXyTcs eMy HeoOXOMMMBI MO KaKONH- nu60 rnpuuune“ (Illepča 1974, 69). CraxeM, npu ynoTpeGieHHH ABYS3BIYHBIM y36€KOM B pycCKO# pa3roBOpHOH peunu TaKHX CJIOB DpOJIHOTO S3bIKA, KAK waii- man, aovipsl, Oacmapxan, Mamypodokan, xon!, A36IKOBass WHTYHIUS TOIACKA3bIBAET eMy, YTO OHM He COBCEM TOXIECTBCHHBI PYCCKHM: uepm, X0.iAMbl, cKamepnb (cmon), Mamypouuk, nadno (xopowo)! CocymecrByromune B co3HaHHH OWJIMHIBA /iBe TOHATHHHO-CHIHH(PHKATHBHBIE CEMAaCHOJIOTHYECKHE CHCTEMBI JIBYX S3BIKOB B npouecce JekcH4yeckod aud@dysun kak Obl YpaBHOBEUIMBAIOTCS, BHIPABHHBAKOT- CSA, H MEICJIb HAXOAMT aJeKBAaTHOE CJIOBeCHOe BbIpaxeHHe. OO6uabHas nuddy- 3HA B CIHOHTAHHOM pPYCCKOM peuh ABYS3BIYHOTO HACEJIEHHS MOXeT 6biTh 06bsc- HEH HM S3BIKOBBIM Je(HIMTOM, HEJOCTATOYHBIM OOBEMOM PYCCKOrO JIEKCHKOHA Y JIM HEPYCCKOM HAallHOHAJIbHOCTH, He3HAHHEM TOYHOrO 3HAYEHHS TOTO HJIH HHO- ro pycckoro ciaosa (,KOTOpoe BepTHTCA Ha S3bIKe“), OGYCJIOBJIEHA TMPHHIMIOM 3KOHOMHH S3BIKOBBIX CPEICTB. B pe3yjbraTe nexcuyeckoil JMOOY3HH B JIEKCHKY PYCCKOrO fi3bIKa HA YpPOBHE MeXHAIKHOKHAJIbHOTO OOINEHHA IIpOHHK26T OTPOMHOE KOJIHYECTBO TaK Ha3. perHo- HAJIbHO- H JIOKAJIbHOMAPpKHDOBAHHOH JIEKCHKH, ŠGOJIbINHHCTBO €QMHHII KOTOPOW OCTAeTCS HEH3BECTHBIM PYCCKOMY OOINIeJIKTEpaTYypHOMY S3BIKY. 3a mocie/Hee NeCATHJIETHE B OTEYECTBEHHOM S3bIKO3HAHHM TOSBHJINCH HHTE- pecHbIe TPY/bl, B KOTOPBIX J€JIaeTCs MONBITKA COOpaTb MO OT/IEJIbHbIM A3BIKOBLIM peruoHaM TaKYRIO AH(P(Y3HMOHHYIO JIEKCHKY B CBOeOOpa3sHbie IJIOCCAPHM, CIHCKH, cnosapu (cm.: Iaabuerko, 1975: Hasapos, 1984). Pasymeercs, peructpaums nupQdy3HOHHON JEKCHKH, HM3yYeHHE BONPOCOB ee (GyHKUHOHMpOBAHHSA, BbISBICHHE KOHHOTATHBHON CIELKHOKKH — BaXHOE 3BEHO B HCCJIEZIOBAHHH IIpOOJIEM S3bIKOBBIX KOHTAKTOB HM IPOLECCOB B3aMMOBJIHSHHS H B3anMooboramenus S35IKOB HapojjoB CCCP, jnureparyp u KyabTyp. Jduddysnon- Has JIeKCHKA 3aKJIIO4aeT B cebe HHODOpMAIIHIO O HAHOHAIBHO-CIIEHPHYSCKOM KYJIb- TYPHOM HAaCJIeJĮHH TOrO HJIH HHOTO Hapojia Halle MHOTOHAIKHOHAJIbHON CTPaHBI, NOMOraeT BbICBETHTb PETPOCHEKTHBHBIN B3IJISJĮ HA HCTOPHIO GOJIbINOTO H MAJIO- TO HapoJa H OOBEKTHBHO OlNeHHTb CONHAJIHCTHYECKOC INepeyCcTpOHCTBO ero XH3HH. V JIKHTBHCTOB HET MOKA JĮJOCTATOWUKELIX OCHOBAHHŪ CYHTATH TaKHe JIAOOy3KHOKH- HbIe CJIOBA, Kak, Hamp. ycma, dapes, mupab, „Mupanu“, nazano!, Koc (Kacbi) K MHOXECTBO JIpYyTHX 3aHMCTBOBAHHAMMH, Be/lb OHH He OTBEYAIOT TEM MapamMeTpam, NpH3HAKaM, KOTODbIe Y4YEHbIC BBIIABHFAIOT B Ka4eCTBE JIMHIBHCTHYECKOrO ,MaHIa- Ta“ Ha NPH3HAHWE WX COCTABHOW 4YacThIO PYCCKOTrO JIHTEPATYPHOIO JIEKCHKOHA (cM.: Kpeicun 1968, 49; Jlennco 1980, 108). TepMHH 3K30TH3M NpPHMEHHTEILHO K TaKOH JIeKCHKe BHO yCTapes, Tak Kak KBaJuHKanus ,9K30THYECKas JiekoHKa“ HCNOJIb30BAJIACb B NPOLLJIOM, KOrJa peajibHas NeHCTBHTEIBHOCTh HEPYCCKHX Ha- pOJ10B, BXOAMBIUKX B cocTas Poccuu (ObIT, Tpamuuuu, KYJIbTYpa), BOCOpHHHMAJIACb H3 ee UeHTpa CKBO3b pOMAHTHYUeCKYPO IIpDH3MY Kak HEYTO [aJIeKOe H JIAKOBHHHOE. 155 BojibumnceTBO AH(OY3HOHHBIX JIEKCEM He 3aKJIIKOUarIOT B CeGe MOTEHIMH CTATb 3AaHMCTBOBAHHAMMH, XOTS OHH H INpejijiaratoT cebst pycckoif JieKCHUeCKONH CHCTEME: 4TOOLI CTaTh 3aHMCTBOBAHHEM, CJIOBO JIĮOJDKHO GBITH He TOJIbKO JIHHTBHCTHYECKH aJanTHPOBAaHHLIM, HO H aCCHMHJIMPOBAHO TICHXOJIOTHYECKH PYCCKHM S3BIKOBBIM CO3HaHHEM. DTOT (dakT MOATBEpXKIAETCA TeM OOCTOATENBCTBOM, YTO MHOTHE M3 AupOY3HOHHBIX JIEKCEM, HECMOTPSI Ha HEKOTOPYIO aJamnTanmio, ckaxem, rpadem- HO-(POHOJIOTHYECKYIO, HE OTBEYAIOT MPH3HAKY DeryJiSpHOCTH T DAMMATHYeCKHX 3HAYeHHH (OCHOBHOMY MpH3HaKy kaTeropuanbHocTH) (cM.: Cyripy 1975, 10) x peryJIApHOCTH B JIEKCHKe, MPOSIBISIOLICHCS Kak B JIGKCHKO-CeMaHTHYeCKO# chepe, Tak H Ha CeMaHTHKO-napaaurmMaruieckom yposse (IliMejieB 1966, 10, 11). Ouddy- 3HOHHBIC CJIOBA (MOJIHOCTHIO HE OCBOCHHBIC PYCCKHM SI3BIKOM) XapakTepH3YIOTCS napaaurMaTH4YeCKOlH HeOTNpeJleJIEHHOCTEIO, 3aBHCAMOCTBIO OT KOHTEKCTA; C rpaMMa- THYECKOH TOYKH 3peHHS, OT TAKHX CJIOB-CYIIECTBHTENBHBIX, KAK TIDABHJIO, TOBOPS- LHe MO-PYCCKH He 00pasyloT YMERbINHTeJILHbIC CYIECTBHTE/ILHBIC, TO SIBIISETCS OJIHHM H3 MPH3HAKOB DeryjiSpHOCTH H T. II. B pycckrosi3briuoli xyJ10xecTBeHHOfN JMTEpaType HALKOHAJIBHEIX aBTOPOB, a TaKXe B pyCCKOSBbIMHON INYOJIHUKCTHKE, B JIpYTHX JIATEPATYPHBIX XAHpaX (Hay4HO- TOMY IAPHBLH OYepPK, NyTeBble 3aMeTKH H T. II.), TEMATHYECKH CINEIHAJIBHO OPHEHTH- POBAHHBIX HA ONMHMCaHWE XH3HH H GBITA TOTO HJIH HHOTO 3THOTrpadmueckoro permo- Ha CTpaHbl, KAX/Iasi eIHHMIA JIEKCHYUeCKOTO Habopa muddy3moHHOM JIEKCHKH — Kak PE3yJbTAT HEMOCPEACTBEHHBIX S3BIKOBBIX KOHTAKTOB (ABYS3BIYHBIN ABTODp) HJIH ONOCPEOBAHHO (MEPEBOIYMK) — He TOJIbKO CJIYXHT A3BIKOBEIM CPEICTBOM BhIpaxe- HHS HAIIHOHAJIBHOTO KOJIOPHTA, HO H Kak Obl NMPeACTABNISET HHTEPECHI CBOETO PO/I- HOTO A3bIKa, T. €. 3HAKOMHT COBETCKOTO 4HTATEJIS C TEMH HAIHOHAJIbHbIMH CJIOBA- MH, KOTOpble HauGoJiee OTHETIHBO BHIPAKAIOT „JIYX“ S3bIKA, MOMYEPKHBAIOT ero HapOJIHYIO OCHOBY, HHBIMH CJIOBAMH, BBITOJIHAIOT B PYCCKOM S3BIKE METAJIAHTBHCTH- Yeckyro (ynkumio pomuoro sizbika. duddy3noHHbIe JieKCHUeECKHE eaMHHIBI OOJIA- AA0T pAJOM CIenKHĖOHYeCKHX 4epT: ynorpebieHHBIE B PYCCKOM KOHTEKCTE, OHM TpeOytoT OrnpejiejieHHbIX CNOCOGOB CeMAHTH3alLIHH — TOCPEACTBOM ABTODCKHX peMapoK, TOJIKOBAHHĖ TPH IIOMONIH pyCCKHX CJIOB H T. II. (Cp.: Kapanapom, mo ecmbs uepnbdiM HAPOM OH npo3vieaacsa Hecnpocma. — Y. AžtrMaroB. Bypauusiii rnojrycTa- HOK). ĮludĖjy3HoHHbIe nekceMsl, ynorpebieHHblE B PYCCKOM TEKCTe, BXOJAT B KOHKPETHBIC COYETAEMOCTHBIE OTHOIIEHAs MO MPH3HAKY CEJIEKTHBHOCTH C PYCCKH- MH CJIOBAMH, HAIp.: 3uHOGHb! TEMHBIE, KOWMA MSTKAS, caykaie BbLICOKKĖ, OdKcaii- AAy TOPHBIH, KeHe-yeke YepHbIH H T. 1., 06pasys yCTOHYMBEIE CIIOBOCOYETAHMS (pukcupyemble y pa3JIMuKbIX ABYS3LIYHBIX ABTOPOB, B pa3JIH4HbIX IIpOH3BEJIEHHAX). Aupdysronnas JiekcuKa XapakTepu3yeTcsi OJHHM BaXKHBIM MOKA3aTeseM — OHA TpaH3HTHA: BKPAIUIMBAACH B pycCKHH JUTEpaTypHBIH TEKCT Kak Heobxommmoe, a MOPOH H ABHO H3OLITOuHOCe CPENCTBO Tepejiaunu HalHOHANbHO-CrieH(HuecKoro, OHA HE 3a/IcPKMBAETCA B aKTHBHOM CJIOBapHOM COCTaBe, B ,lIEHTpe“ pyccKOro OOumeynoTpeGHTEJIbHOTO JIEKCHKOHA, a BO3BPAlAeTCA B KOHTAKTHYIO Cpeay HJM HEMOCPE/ICTBEHHO B „NIAMSTb“ PONHOro s3bika (HALHOHAJIbHbIC JIEKCHYECKHE ap- Xau3Msl). 156 VicejiejjoBanHne TIpoOJIeMEI JiekcH4eckol auddy3un IIpH KOHTAKTHDOBAHHH pyc- CKOTO S533bIKA ¢ S3bIKAMH HapojjoB CCCP BecbMa uejJiec0o06pa3HO H aKTYAJIbHO, Tak KaK JaeT HCCJIeJĮOBATEJIKO KJIKO4 K pa3peluIeHHIO IĮEJIOTO psa IIpOOJIEM, CyliecTBeH- HbIX [UI TEOPHH pYyCCKOTO s3blka Kak CpeACTBA MEKHAIMOHAJIBHOTO OOIN<EHHA. JIMTEPATYPA Bpomueii IO. Haumonameusie nponeccst B CCCP: 10CTHRKEHHS H npobnemst || Ipasaa. 1987. 13 desp. T'assuenro WU. E. I'noccapuit nexcukn s35IKOB naponos Ceseproro Kaskasa B DPYCCKOM A3bI- ke. Opmxonuxkumze, 1975. HAenncos II. H. Jlexcuxa pycckoro s3sika H NPHHLKANGL ee ormcanns. M., 1980. Hurepraunonaibaoe H HALHOHAJIbHOC B COLMAJHCTHYECKOM OOpa3e XH3HH COBETCKOTO Hapojja, M., 1985, Kpkicun JI. H. Vinos35smanbie cJIiOBa B pycCKOM sidbike. M., 1968. Ha3apos O. TyprmMenckne cosa B pyccKoM s3bIKe. AunrxaGag, 1984. Cynpyn A. E. Jlexcnuecxas chcreMa Hh MeTOJIbi ee n3yuenas [| Meromst H3Y4CHHS JIEKCHKH. Munck, 1975, IllMejieB JĮ. H. JlekcHko-ceMaHTHYECKHE H3MCHEHHS B COBDEMEHHOM PYCCKOM A3bIKe [/ PSAHII, 1966. Ne 3. IllepGa JI. B. O noxarun cMemeHna s35IKOB || Hepa JI. B. SI3pikoBas cHCTeMa H pe4eBas BEeATEIIbHOCTbh. M., 1974,