Maciejauskienė V. „Lietuvių pavardžių susidarymas“

REVIEWS . Maciejauskienė V. Formation of Lithuanian surnames. Science, 1991. Vitalija Maciejauskienė — one of the faithful researchers of Lithuanian historical anthroponymy, for almost two decades has been consistently and carefully studying Lithuanian personal names recorded in various documents alongside the living Lithuanian name book. We are glad that we have received a beautiful monograph summarizing many of her previous works and new research. Lithuanian historical anthroponymics, which attracts the attention not only of linguists (dialectologists, etymologists, lexicologists, language history, word formation researchers), but also of specialists in other fields (historians, ethnographers, archaeologists, etc.), is not rich in large summarizing works, so the publication of the reviewed book is very relevant and welcome. The author of the monograph, who has been studying a complex, indescribably wide problem for many years — the development of Lithuanian naming and the formation of surnames, summarizes her research. The most important focuses of the work: binary naming of persons, formation and final settlement of Lithuanian surnames, peculiarities of stabilization of surnames, sources of origin of surnames, development of female naming. The book first discusses the most important works of Lithuanian historical anthroponymics, the concept of more common terms and concepts, describes sources and material. ; All the statements and conclusions of the work are based on a huge amount of material — about 110 thousand pieces of anthroponym archives from several centuries. The material is collected from various published and manuscript documents from the 13th to the 18th centuries. Authentic forms of personal names recorded in documents with accurate metrics are used throughout the book. The publication is also valuable in that published data from archive sources will be used by many researchers. Of course, the index of personal names would greatly facilitate the use of unique material. On the other hand, a register of so many thousands of items would have at least doubled the volume of the book. Be that, the work šį is not late now it could be an extremely valuable ir addition to the — already existing book. The present-day system of nominative nomenclature (with all its morphological peculiarities) firmly represents the binary Lithuanian designation of persons by first name and surname (here it should be added that the Latvian Lithuanian anthroponymical designation ir formula coincides with the Latvian form of designation of ir persons, which is also binary, e.g., Janis — Rugainis). However, this has not always been the case. The path from the naming of a single person (historical universality that almost all nations had) to the naming by name and surname is the complex path of our current surname, the main stages of which are analyzed in five chapters of the monograph. The first chapter deals with the establishment of d''inary designation. The four most important ways of naming persons are discussed (one personal name; a personal name as an adjective prefix of Finnish character; two personal names; three personal names), which were not equally productive in different periods. The analysis of several centuries of documents reveals the most important stages of the development of Lithuanian ir anthroponym ar system. 240 V. Maciejauskie is nė — the only researcher of our anthroponymy who has consistently reviewed such a long period of personal names functioning, XVI bei a. XVI a., XVII a. ir In the 18th a. century, it was clearly shown how ir from writing with a single national personal name to a binary system of naming people. The second chapter of the monograph analyzes the process of formation of Lithuanian surnames. After discussing the definition of the surname, the author examines the specifics of the complex process of formation of surnames in individual periods: a., XVI c., XVII c. XV a. ir In the 18th century, she highlighted the characteristic features of the development of the anthroponym system for each period, the emergence of names of individual social strata (nobles, peasants), sometimes comparing individual names from specific sources with current names of the region itself. The results of careful research show that Lithuanian surnames began su to form to XV a. The most intensive period of our name formation — In the 17th and 18th centuries, o this process was a. almost completed. At the end of the iš chapter, the results of the study are compared with the appearance of names of some other nations, our neighbors. su The third section is dedicated to the peculiarities of name stabilization. Since Lithuanian surnames, their final establishment, were influenced by various linguistic extralinguistic factors, whose influence on our surnames cannot be ignored, the author of the jų monograph, being able to compare the personal names of the same territory of separate ir periods, discusses extensively various variants of surnames, structural, phonetic graphic differences, provides specific examples of variants. The following is a list of Lithuanian surnames: The following is a list of Lithuanian surnames. jų ir tų ir V. Maciejauskienės research iš basically confirms the methods of glorification of Lithuanian surnames observed by previous researchers, the specificity of glorification in individual historical periods, but this chapter could have been iš expected a little more. ir Although the problem of glorification of personal names was not the focus of the author’s attention, the nature of the material under study, the ability to compare the personal names of a particular region in different periods, in many cases was extremely favorable for more detailed studies of the course of glorification, perhaps the causes. Of course, as the author herself states, the ir long and complicated process of glorifying Lithuanian ir personal names should be the subject of ir further research. The fourth chapter examines the sources of origin of Lithuanian surnames, the frequency of personal names of different origin in different periods. There are three main groups of surnames of different origins, originating from: — 1) iš names of baptism, 2) iš Of various monocots (rarely — compound) Lithuanian personal names of nickname origin, old 3) iš Lithuanian binomial personal names. The author of the monograph faithfully adheres to her other ir The position of the authors of the "Lithuanian Names Dictionary" is not to see — another layer of personal names, which gave rise to inlisy names, the abbreviated prepositional derivatives of — old pre-Christian Lithuanian dichotomous names, which are ir jų distinguished as a separate group by many anthroponymy researchers (K. Būga, Salys, A. Zinkevičius, Z. Savukynas, B. etc. ). ir Of course, this is the most problematic layer for researchers simply ne because many of these types of personal names have stem-correspondences in various adjectives. 241 nų However, there seems to be no basic surnames do Biweyna, Boreyszis, Buta, Butko, Butkus, Daugis, Dawoynis, Gaylenis, Gaylus, ir etc. assign to the group of surnames of originating iš or emerging profession, trade, nationality name (p. 225; 237, 238), the more so that the author contradicts her own opinion here (see "Dictionary of Lithuanian surnames- "). The analysis of the names also raised doubts. For some reason, the derivatives of -enis, -eika, -eiki and other affixes are not even mentioned in the list of derivatives of prepositions, although specific examples show that they were no less popular than the derivatives of some other prepositions (e.g. -iškis). The fifth chapter of the book is devoted to the evolution of women's naming. This is a very relevant and little studied problem of our anthroponymy. Although the aforementioned studies are based on a much smaller amount of examined material (than male personal names) and the author does not categorically formulate final conclusions, it is possible to form a general picture about the naming of women from the 16th to the 18th century, the formation of female surnames and their structure. It is unfortunate that the very large number of female entries cannot show all the variety of female names, especially the features of the structure of female personal names, characteristic of individual Lithuanian regions, because only a small territory of Eastern Lithuania is reflected. Perhaps that is why the author saw as exceptions the addition of suffixes -aičia, -yčia, -ūčia to different stems of male names (p. 285, 297 and others), although other sources and the current use of female names in dialects indicate that this is quite a common phenomenon. Studies on the naming of Lithuanian women are still awaiting researchers, but V. Maciejauskienės work is a significant beginning. The monograph "The formation of Lithuanian surnames" does not attempt to solve more complex theoretical problems of Lithuanian anthroponymy, but it is a huge work of an empirical nature. Due to the abundance of data, authenticity and impeccable interpretation of most of them, this book will attract not only the attention of onomastics specialists, other Lithuanianists, Baltists, but also Indo-Europeanists. |. Milde Norkaitienė and Meilutė Ramonienė 242