Apie latgaliečius ir jų kalbą

W. Manczak's "Critigue de la théorie des laryngales", p. 237—247), St. Stachowski- 's "The role of the Greek language in the history of the Ottoman-Turkish language" (”Die Rolle des Griechischen in der Geschichte des Osmanisch-- Tiirkischen”, p. 377—385), W. Stefaiiski's "Some remarks concerning the pronoun endings of the Indo-European languages" (”Quelques remarques concernant la flexion pronominale en indoeuropéen”, p. 393—400), K. T. Witczak's "Prothetic vowels in the other Anatolian languages of the Hittites" (?Prothetic vowels® ir in Hittite and other Anatolian languages”, p. 495—502) ir kt This collection of articles is only a ne beautiful tribute to the famous Polish linguist, a scientist of very wide interests, a man of bright memory, but a significant contributiir on to those fields of į philology in which he was su Janas Wojciech Smoczynski, the author of this collection, o deserves the sincerest thanks of his colleagues. į Algirdas Sabaliauskas ABOUT LATGALIEČIUS IR JŲ LANGUAGE Maybe many will be surprised, but even the Latvian ambassador to Lithuania Alberts Sarkanis said on one occasion that Latgalians! Lithuanian language is. easier to 3 learn than the Latvian common language. We know very little about these Latgalians, who sometimes even tend to consider their own language as a distinct Baltic language, rather than a dialect of Latvian. O they are kind of ne our brothers of only common ir origin, but common destiny. After all, they are Catholics ir like most Lithuani- — ans. Ju Many priests of Lithuanian origin worked in the region. For more than du centuries this land has been Lietuvos ir Part of the Polish state. Together we became part of the Russian Empire. Together we lost the press in Latin script. The Lithuanian "school of hardship" corresponds exactly to pi the Latgalian "moates skola ratina" ("mother's school at the wheel"). O jų in government schools there was a sign: | "Ilo AATBHILCKK FOBOPUTL cTporo BOCHpenaercs’. į Iš the Latgalian problem is devoted by the University of Latvia Baltic languages ir Publication of the Latvian Literature Departments "Baltu filologija. V. For the Land of Writings” (Atb. red. Dz. Paegle. Riga, Part of 1995). the articles published here are reports read at the conference of the 1994 m. famous 18 Latvian linguist Arturo Uozuolo (Ozols, at a 1912—1964) traditional conference dedicated to his memory, which this time had as its theme 'Latgale and the Latvian language of Latgale'. Individual articles published in the publication are of interest to ir Lithuanian language and Lithuanian history researchers. Historians, no be doubt, is interesting E. Mugurevičius' article "Written sources of archaeologicir al material about the history of the ancient ją Latgalians" ("Rakstitie avoti archeologijas un materiali par latgalu senako vesturi”, Here is discussed the p. 7—12). Russian chronicles Norova (Neroma,: 1 Latvians use the term latgalieši ‘Latgalians’, because the term latgalt latgaliai’ in this literature means the ancient Baltic tribe, which lived in both the Baltic Sea and the Baltic Sea. In Latgale, both It is the ir name given to the state of Latvia. ir | Norkūnas Z. Friends, never foes. An interview with the Latvian Ambasi sador to Lithuania Mr Alberts Red. Lithuania in the World, 1995, 3, 18. 218 Morava), which was tried to be associated with the neura of the ancient authors, our Nerima, and others consider it a mistake of the transliterators instead of Lotowa. Henry the Latvian (13th century) in his "Chronicle of Livonia" uses the names of Latvians and Latgalians as synonyms: "Lethos, qui proprie dicuntur Lethigalli" ("Lethos who are actually called Latgalians"). It is believed that since the 17th century the Latgalians have been called Latvians. An article by A. Stafecka, “Latgaliesu rakstu valodas normešanas gaita un stavoklis musdienas” (“The progress of the standardization of the Latgalian written language and its present state”), is particularly worth the attention of language historians. The author states the fact that besides the Latvian common (literary) language, which was formed on the basis of the Latvian Lowland (lejaslatviešu) dialect, for almost three centuries there has been a second tradition of Latvian writing, which is based on the Latgalian dialects of the Latvian Highland dialect. This is the Latgalian written language, which 'after enduring a second ban, is reborn'. S. Stafecka presents) oncretic proposals on how the present Latgalian language should be reformed. He proposes to enrich dialect vocabulary, "revitalize" some forms of morphology, establish more widely in dialects "used phonetic characteristics, etc. From I. Kristovska's article "Look at the Latgalian grammar of the 19th century" ("Ieskats 19. gs. latgaliešu gramatikas", p. 13—17) we learn that the first Latgalian grammar was published in Vilnius in 1817 in a print run of 400 copies. Its author, in the opinion of some, was J. Akelevičius, others —J. Rimkevičius. One of the two known manuscript Latgalian grammars of the 19th century is kept in Vilnius, in the Martynas Mažvydas Library. It was written in 1817 by an unknown author®. | Many interesting facts are presented in L. Leikuma's article "Latgales latviešu voloda skola" (* Latgales latviešu voloda skola”, pp. 24—33). Around 1625 (not later than 1628) the Jesuits founded the first Latgale school in Daugavpils. From 1757 to 1844, Kraslava was home to a seminary, which was the most important cultural centre of Latgale at that time. In 1907, the first parish school was opened in Rezekne, where not only religion but also other subjects were taught in Latgalian. In 1923, according to the instructions of the School Department of the Ministry of Education, all subjects were taught in Latgalian for the first two years in Latgalian schools, "the literary dialect of the state language is taught from the third school year". Since 1989 the Faculty of Philology of the University of Latvia has taught a special course "Latgalian written language" (since 1994 this course is taught in Latgalian). The Latgalian press is revived. However, the native language (or dialect) of this region is still very hesitant to enter the schools of Latgale. As an interesting detail of this article, it should be mentioned that, prompted by Lithuanian seminarians, F. Trasunas together with J. Višnevskis began teaching the Latgalian language to seminarians from Latgale at the St. Petersburg Seminary in 1884. In addition, the article of O. Bušas "Latgales vietvārdzi" in Latvian common language is also related to the theme of Latgale. Problems” (Latgales vietvardi latviešu literārajā valodā. Problēmas, p. 34—37), V. J. Zepa’s article “About Latgales place names in Endzelyno Works” (Par Latgales vietvardiem a 3 Citā autora ir domāts,, that since 1934 almost only the common Latvian language is introduced into Latgale schools. In 1938, the newspaper "Latgales skola" ended its existence, and the Second World War and the Soviet rule brought the Latvians a second, albeit unofficial, press ban. Breidaks A. An anonymous Latgalian grammar manuscript. —Catholic Life, 1990, No. 8, 34; 219 Endzelina Darbu izlase”, p. 38—39). Among other articles published in the publication, we would like to draw attention to the article by P. Vanags "The origin of the text of the Latvian Catechism of 1586" (*1586. gada latviešu katehisma teksta izcelsme- ”, p. 52—62), which provides a thorough analysis of the sources of this monument of Latvian language. į Lietuvių kalbos tyrinėtojams gali būti įdomūs ir kiti čia skelbiami straipsniai: M. Rudzytės " Apie braslaviečių leksiką" ("Par braslaviešu leksiku”, p. 40—43), V. Rūkės-Dravinios "Senosios tvoros Šiaurės Vidžemėje apie Valmiera” ("Senie žogi Ziemelvidzemé ap Valmieru- ”, p. 44—51), A. Rekenos "J. V. Gėtės "Fausto" vertimo veiksmažodžių formų ypatybés” ("Verba formu ipatnibas J. V. Getes "Fausta" atdzejojuma”, p. 63—71), A. Kalnačos ”Laiko kategorija latvių gramatikose” ("Laika kategorija latviešu gramatikas", 3 p. 72—80), J. Grigorjevo "Latvių bendrinės kalbos balsių akustinė charakteristika” ("Latviešu literaras valodas patskanu akustisks raksturojums”, p. = 81—83). i : P. Vanags reviews the new edition of Adolphi’s Latvian grammar (1685) prepared by the Australian linguist T. G. Fennell. He also provides a very detailed overview of Lithuanian linguistic literature in 1993—1994. L. Ba-luodė writes about the international seminar "Lithuanian Studies in World Universities" held at Vilnius University in 1994, and about the conference "Lithuania-Latvia: Past, Present, Future" held at Vytautas the Great University in Kaunas in the same year. A. Stikanė informs about the activities of the Latvian Philological Society, T. Karma — about the conference on the problems of written languages of the Baltic peoples held at the University of Tartu, S. Kliavinia — about the seminar "Language and technology in Europe after 2000" held in Riga. Baltic perspective". It honours the memory of the prominent Latvian linguist Alise Laua (1914—1994). nimas. g „Algirdas S abaliauskas LATVIAN FOLK SONGS: SYNtax Finally we have received the monograph "Lettische Syntax: die Dainas" (Latvian Syntax: (Folk) Songs) written by the famous Latvian linguist Alfred Gateris several decades ago. On the basis of a very rich material of folk songs, it analyses in detail the morphosyntax of Latvian folk song language. A. Gateris is the only researcher who has devoted a separate, extensive work to the syntax of Latvian folk songs (the analytical and synthetic parts of the book together comprise 648 pages). ą A little about the author of this work. Gateris was born on 24 April 1921 in Spyvulis, Kalnciems parish, north-eastern Latvia. In 1941 he graduated from the Madona Gymnasium and in 1942 he obtained a degree in Germanic Philology and Indo-European Linguistics1 from the G aters A. Lettische Syntax: die Dainas. Edited by Hildegard 1 Hadtke Frankfurt am Main; Berlin; Bern; New York; Paris; Vienna: Lang, 1993. 679 220