Mažosios Lietuvos vardyno šaltiniai Vokietijos archyvuose

LITHUANIAN KALBOTYROS QUESTIONS XXXVIII (1997) Vincent DROTVINAS SMALL LITHUANIA Sources of the glossary GERMANY In the archives! My first face-to-- face meeting su Small Lithuanian personal ir names in place names sources The German archives were unplanned. Started to explore Small Lietuvos XVII-XVIII a. Zodynus?, I took care to find newer archive material about Lithuanian to writers, dictionaries and grammar authors of the time. 1988 m. in the spring at the Lutheran University of Halle-Wittenberg, to In the Indo-Germanistics seminar, where I was kindly welcomed by the renowned German ir Baltist doc. dr. Gertrude Bense. In Halle I studied at the local university 1727-1740 m. 2005-2006 Lithuanian language seminar, where priests of the southern direction were trained Mažajai Lithuania. In the archives of the library of the Franken Foundation (Frankeschen Stiftungen) I searched for traces of the life and activities of John Richter and Wilhelm Haack, who taught Lithuanian, and I got acquainted with the manuscript of the German-Lithuanian dictionary (1728) attributed to Richter, as well as Haack’s “Vocabvlarivm Litthvanico-Germanicvm et Germanico- -Litthvanicvm...” (Halle, 1730) with a copy of the corrections and other material. Since it was difficult to access the secret state archive of Prussian cultural heritage (Geheimes Staatsarchiv PreuBischer Kulturbesitz, GStA) in West Berlin (Dahlem) from Lithuania at that time, I worked for a while at the German Central Archives, Dienststelle Merseburg, located near Halle. After the reunification of Germany in 1990, the Merseburg collections have been part of the GStA archives in Berlin since 1994. Merseburg archives fon-! On this subject the author read a report “On the Litauen Namebook- ”. —Lithuanian language researchers and research. 1994, 12. Thesis of the Conference on P. Skardžius, Vilnius: Lithuanian Language Institute, 1994, 12. See also the author’s information “Lithuanian Studies Sources in German Archives”. —Mokslo Lietuva, December 1993. No. 14 (73). 2 The author has prepared the following dictionaries of Lesser Lithuania: LEXICON LITHUANICUM. 17th-century manuscript German-Lithuanian dictionary. Introduction, transliteration of the dictionary text and index of words prepared by V.Drotvinas. London: Science, 1987. — 586 p.; CLAVIS GERMANICO -LITHVANA. 17th-century manuscript German-Lithuanian dictionary. I d. A-E. Introductory article „Notes on the dictionary of Friedrich Pretorius,- ,Clavis germanico lithvana“ (p. X-XXVII). V.: Science and encyclopedias publishing house. Bibliotheca Baltica. Lithvania. 1995. -629 p.; II d. F-L. V.: Mokslo ir enciklopedijų leidykla, 1997. —701 p.; 3rd and 4th editions are printed (Editing Board note). 81 I found two Small Lietuvos XVII-XVIII a. documents of various kinds containing Lithuanian surnames. ir Later (1991, 1993, 1994 m.) su Small I had the opportunity to get acquainted with the sources of the Lithuanian census in German archives. In the above-mentioned Berlin archive, which 1978 m. iš Getingen (State Archivlager) took over from the former Karaliaučiaus State Archives (State Archive Kėnigsberg) funds, abundant XVI-XIX a. documents reflecting the Prussian state (duchy, later kingdom) history, political system, economic culture”. ką ir The collections of this archive are important as sources of the history of Lithuanianir s, — Lithuanian culture and — especially philology. Although iš the main archives did not provide sensational discoveries, but there is plenty of authentic primary biographical material — of Lithuanian writing workers from the XVI to a. To highlight — the features of K. Donelaitis's life and work. (This is a separate topic and a special task of cultural history). kų Funds are known Eastern In the name of the Prussian foliants (OstpreuBische Folianten)*, which contain documents of governmental institutions from the beginning of the Prussian duchy, i.e. 1525. There are many 16th-18th century administrative documents (Amstsrechnungen) of the districts of Lithuania Minor, including property and tax lists (German: Steuerlange, Nachtgeldregister, HufenschuBBprotokoll) etc. It is worth staying at one of the foliants. This is the 1540 tax book of Ragainė district, containing 602 pages.® Most often 2-3 surnames of peasants (bureaux) are written on a page, less often one, extremely rarely four (p. 448) or five (p. 524). Taxes are written by villages (villa). The number of livestock is usually recorded in 6-9 lines, rarely less, and at the end of the page the owner's property is summed up in heads (summa lateris) and in monetary value (facit an gelde). The folio contains nearly 2000 singular and plural names of persons (perdém vyry), as well as a considerable number of place names. From the naming of persons it can be concluded that in the first half of the 16th century in Ragainė, as in the whole of Lithuania Minor, the binary (first and last name) naming system was well established. " It should be noted that p. 52 (unnumbered) —53 3 See for further details. Kurt Forstreuter. The Prussian State Archives in Königsberg. A Historical Overview of the Lower Saxony Archives (Veröffentlichungen der niedersūsischen Archivverwaltung 3), Gottingen, 1955; Bernhard Jahnig. Official accounts and other documents of the War and Domain Chambers of the Historical State Archives of Königsberg in Kaliningrad Regional Archive. - PreuBenland. Year 32/1994. No. 1. P. 18-19. * For an overview of Lithuanian studies in the Karaliaučius archive, see Z. I[vinskis]-Lithuanian encyclopedia. T. 10. Chicago, 1957. P. 497-500. 5 See. Catalogue „Verzeichnis der OstpreuBischen Folianten (ausschlieBlich Ermland). Rechecked in July 1950. Findbook No. 160.“. ® Antraštė: „Following evidence of the establishment of the rank of Armorū of the XXXX t to Jres 5 C t“. -OF Nr. 911a, Bd. 27. In the lower inner corner of the first cover, the stamp: „Restauriert und neu eingebunden, den 25. 2. 1954. State archive warehouse”. " The single-word names that occur are explained by the fact that the tax book is not a completely official document: in it Amtmon Pakamorė listed the tribes known to him, which could be called more individually, "privately". However, the relationship between mononyms and binominals is a separate issue. 82 find four surnames Mažvydaitis notes: Glande villa? Laurin maswideit Jacob MASE TIME Mickna MASSWIDTH[IS] Jhan MASS DIMENSION* We have here The parish of Ragainė, in which 1548-1563 m. kunigavo Martynas List of Lithuanians. Su in many of these squads ar jų family members Mažvydas communicated: taught, baptized, buried. The folio is worthy of special onomastics studies. Be of how A document a. of the material condition of Lithuanians in the middle of the 16th century, it could ir interest historians-economists. Similar 1540, 1543 ir 1563-1565 m. tax books are Įsruties (No. 11), Klaipėdos (No. 19), Labguvos ir Wild (No. 14), Tepliavos su Vėluva (No. 34), Tilžės (No. 35). In its content, the ir abundance of surnames and placenames stands out List of customs revenues of the Labguva relocation gate (Customs revenue, 1674) ir Beneficial customs accounts (Schleusenzoll-Rechnungen, 1676)", in the first of which we find in the second through the names of persons, Lithuanian 580, o — 850 iš Major Duchy ar iš Tilžės swimmers į Queens, who su returned to Vėlava, carried skins, furs, etc., carried souls, e.g., ir brooches Kurschait from the Gilge nach Konigsberg, Butkus Paulaitis von Konigsberg to Munich Rogaiten. Separately mentioned is the 1561 Jurbarkas and Virbalis chant register (Zinsregister von Jurbarkas und Virbalis). Lithuanian Jurburg u. Nowowola). Kita Small Lietuvos XVII-XIX a. material is stored in the archive under the no. EtatMinisterium (abbreviation EM) collections, which are divided into administrative units – cities (Stadt) and districts (Amt) and according to content – departments (Abteilung). The material has been catalogued (not all, however, especially from the former Merseburg collections). For example, the catalogue (Findbuch) 154 includes documents from localities of Lesser Lithuania (government orders, requests from individuals, complaints, letters from officials, various lists, etc.), which are also marked with section numbers, e.g. Įsruties —Abt. 118, pp. 118. 138 and so on. The documents are further divided according to content: church affairs (Generalia, Personalia, i.e. appointments and transfers of priests, care for them and widows, etc.; catechizations, preparation and publication of religious literature, acts of various visitations, etc.), school affairs (establishment of schools, employment of teachers, etc.). ? For more details see. Vincent Drotwin. Martyn Mažvydas' co-surnames. -Cazimieras Bogas conference: Etymology and Onomastics. Conference program and * theses. Vilnius, 6 November 1996. P. 8-9. For more details see. Baltistica 32(1), 1997 (in press). 0 Labiawsche SchleuBen customs invoice Anno 1674. Slitting money from Wittinnen, StruBen and Holtz Trefften, so also from the GroBfiirstenthumb Lūttawen and from Tilsitther andt 3urūck went. —AND —XX. HA No. 13025, 13026. 83 construction, repair, inventory purchase, firewood, arable land, grain, care of the poor) criminal offences, court cases; forest hunting matters, fires, etc. ir (all of which are still marked with ir letters a, b, c, d ir kt ). In all these documents, local names of Lithuanian personal names are found both in ir lists and individually. Inventory of documents (description, selection, etc.) ir for the purpose of the dictionary would be a separate work. This archive also contains The old and new ir Prussia (per 1806 month) armies XVII-XIX a. church books (Militarkirchenbücher) or photocopies. jų There are Lithuanians who served in the army, as well as those who died in war su Napoleon or the Franco-Prussian War, named. " 1870-1871 m. Part of this archive (and place names) is published, of course, in Lithuanian ne studies, but in the works of German historians ir genealogy specialists. The following publications are mentioned: Horst Kenkel. Eine Role of the young Team of the City Tilsit von Years 1703. — AltpreuBische Gender studies. Blatter des Association for Family Research in Ostund West Prussia. A new episode. 11th year. 1961. Hamburg. 106-116; Horst Kenkel. Peasant lists of the Tilsit county from the period before and after the Great Plague of 1709/10. Hamburg, 1968; Horst Kenkel. Family names in northern East Prussia. Origin, Change and Change.-Old Prussian Gender Studies. A new episode. Blatter of the Association for Family Research in Ostund West Prussia. Hamburg. 19th year. Heft 4/6. 1971. 317–32; Hans Heinz Diehlmann. Act of Inheritance of the Duchy of PreuBen. I. Part. 1525 to 1642. Hamburg, 1980; II part. 1648 to 1678. Hamburg, 1983; III. Part 1678 to 1737. Hamburg, 1992; Bruno Janczik, Fritz Naunheim. Dragoners, Vibrants and Enrollirteens at the time of the Great Plague. Reports and tables of the offices 1711. —Genetics. Bd. 16. 1986. Hamburg, S.181-221; Bd. 20, 1990, Hamburg, pp. 143-254; Reinhard Wenskus. Naming and name change in northeastern East Prussia in the early modern period.-Old Prussian genealogy. A new episode. Blatter of the Association for Family Research in East and West Prussia. Hamburg. 38 year old. Band. 20. 1990, S. 27-124. The material of publications, lists of names of Lithuanians, statistics, etc. are used by Lithuanian historians, e.g., Algirdas Matulevičius. The name of the village and its surroundings dates back to the 13th century. —The Land of Lithuanians. Monograph. University of California Press, 1995. P. 213-222. For linguistic research, these lists are not always reliable: it is necessary to make sure that the transliteration of names and place names corresponds to the original. However, perhaps the most important and abundant source of Lithuanian onomastics in East Prussia is the Lithuanian parish church registration books of Lesser Lithuania — baptism, communion, ordination, marriage, confirmation, death registration records, written from the 17th century until 1944 in the early Lithuanian (sometimes mixed with 11 other languages) and later in the Polish. 84 German), Latin, and later German. They are stored in two archives — Evangelical Central Archive (EZA) Berlyne ir The Central German Genealogy Office (Deutsche Zentralstelle der Genealogie) Leipzig. History of the collections of these archives ir jų Contents It is almost unknown in Lithuania, so we should tell about it in more detail. 1935 m. Hitler's Germany came into force vad. Nuremberg Laws (Nūrnberger Gesetze), according to which all residents had to document their two generations ‘Aryan origin’. For this purpose, state civil registry offices were established, providing documents on the basis of entries in church books. Special Genealogy Research Institute (Reichsstelle fūr Sippenforschung) drauge su The Evangelical Church Synod took care of filming the books. Since the originals of II some of the church books were destroyed or severely damaged during the war, the photographs made from the films became the only source of church registration po records for many parishes. The registers of the parish churches of East Prussia, which after the war came under the control of the Soviet occupation zone, were filmed after the war.” These books were handed over to the Central Evangelical Archive in 1991. Thus, the East German church register books of the Central Evangelical Archive (EZA) are now the most important point of accumulation of the church register books of the Old Evangelical Church (AltpreuBische Union) in East Prussia (where similar books of other church provinces are also stored). The purpose of the archive is to provide replacement documents for persons who lost their civil registration records during the war (in cases of property inheritance, etc.), as well as to provide material for genealogical research. Currently, the Central Evangelical Archive contains about 3,700 church books from East Prussian parishes, covering the years 1579-1945." The oldest entries in this archive of Lithuanian parish church books are from the middle of the 17th century: Peterswalde (?), 1629-1899; Tilžė, 1673-1799; Žiliai, 1687—1819; Būdviečiai, 1695-1944; Stalupėnai, 1729-1803; Bilderviečiai, 1730-1913; Priekulė, 1732-1877; Kraupiškas, 1736-1904; Vėluva, 1751-1852; Ragainė, 1757-1822; Geldupé, 1780-1809; Įsrutis, 1781-1845; Gavaiciai, 1809-1830; Didlaukis, 1880 1901 and others. The church books of East Prussia filmed by the Reich Genealogy Research Institute are also stored at the German Central Genealogy Institute in Leipzig12 See more. Christa Stache. The Evangelical Central Archive and its holdings. Berlin, Alektor-- Verlag, 1992. P. 221-223. 3 This was carried out by members of the Mormon Church, the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints® (USA), see Christa Stache. Min. darb. p. 221. 4 List of church libraries in the Evangelical Central Archive in Berlin. Part I. The Church of the Old Prussian Union. 3rd, revised and improved edition edited by Christa Stache. (Publications of the Evangelical Central Archive in Berlin. Edited by Hartmut Sander. Band 30. London: The British Library. 1992. 5 Inventory of the German Central Office of Genealogy. Part I. The church register documents of the eastern provinces of Poznan, East and West Prussia, Pomerania and Silesia. Edited by Martina Wermes, Renate Jude and others Verlag Degener and Co, Neustadt/Aisch. Leipzig, 1991. 85 ge”. Iš of the oldest in Leipzig mentioned Įsruties 1619, Tilžės 1647, Žuvininkų 1648, Laukstyčių 1663, Kaukėnų 1668, Žilių1685, Būdviečių ir The New 1695 Year's Book. After reviewing the books of the above-mentide oned archives, it can be said in general that The Central Evangelical Archive in Berlin primarily collects microfiches of church books, although there are also original ir books. Microfilmed films in the Leipzig iš archive mų (Rollfilm), although there ir are unique books, i.e. books of such places or such years that the Central Evangelical Archive does not have. Iš jų minétinos Katyčių m., Nemirskiemio 1669-1682 ir 1683-1687 1680-1710 m. ir kt Books (or movies) jų vary in both content and current ir condition. First of all, the books differ in the number of Lithuanian surnames. Iš From the quantitative ratio of Lithuanian and German surnames it can be concluded that not all Lithuanian parishes at that time were inhabited entirely by Lithuanians: where the parish is more angular, there are more Lithuanian surnames. There are few Lithuanian names in ir towns and cities. For example, the King's St. In the books of Elžbieta Lithuanian parish Lithuanian 1683 m. names are quite rare, as ir In the books of Klaipėda church. Lithuanian surnames are almost non-existent ir XVII a. The Late, XVIII a. In Gumbinė, Įsrutis, Stalupėnai and other towns church books. Of course, this does not mean that Lithuanians did not live in the vicinity of these towns: after all, it is judged from the surviving books. It is also important to note the quality of the manuscripts (films, microfilms). Not all books are equally easy to read. Because of various reasons, such as hasty writing, not always orderly entries (paper is saved), the quality of the paper, faded or mixed ink, sometimes even soaked into the other side, etc., about a tenth of the pages of textbooks remain unreadable (in order to read them again, a text restoration would be necessary). Often copies even worsen the text, making it almost unreadable. Until now, Lithuanian onomastics studies have been based primarily on the data of the sources of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. It is true that a certain part of the registers of Lithuanian parish churches in Lesser Lithuania, as well as other historical documents, are in the libraries of the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences, the Lithuanian National Library Martynas Mažvydas and Vilnius University. Not all of these books have been inventoried, and the linguistic significance of their content has not yet been described. The archives of Vilnius are scarce and unexplored. It should be noted that this year the Names Department of the Lithuanian Language Institute begins to collect personal names and place names of Lesser Lithuania. The first acquaintance with the documents of the mentioned German archives (their exact list can be made only after a more thorough study of the sources) leads us to believe that the entire material of the German archives is a new source of Lithuanian historical onomastics. Therefore, it is relevant to collect several tens of thousands of persons6 Genovaitė Kiškienė. For the adverb lie. -artsurname past East Prussia. —Ba/tistica, XIX (2), 1983. p. 179-183. 86 a catalogue of names and place names representing the 16th-20th century Lithuanian names. The most prominent Lithuanian onomastics researcher, Prof. Habil. dr. A. Vanagas, no less interested in this is akad. M. Zinkevičius, habil. dr. V.Maciejauskienė. Kartoteka would be a mine of language wealth, and it should also attract “miners”. This would be a hitherto unused source for the history of anthroponymy and toponymy of Lesser Lithuania. After investigating the formation of Lithuanian surnames, the origin, formation, Germanization and other problems of personal names and place names, the research data would supplement and expand the existing findings of Lithuanian name book studies, contribute to the progress of Lithuanian historical onomastics." Of course, the compilation of the planned archive is not a one-day job, it requires a special project and its funding. First of all, we need people capable of accumulating a library. In Berlin, Dr. Hartmut Sander, the director of the Central Evangelical Archive (EZA), was consulted as the “richest owner of names”. Mr. Sander understands the scientific nature of this project and has helped to get some of his archive copies to Vilnius faster. (We thank him sincerely for this). The first copying works were financially supported by the chairman of the Lesser Lithuania Foundation, Vilius Peteraitis. It is necessary to find the necessary funds for the copying of documents and the collection of material in Berlin and Leipzig. For the opportunity to work in the German archives, I am grateful to the chairmen of the Historical Commission in Berlin, Prof. Dr. h. c. Klaus Zernach and Prof. Dr. Wolfram Fischer, as well as Dr. Rudolf Kerscher, President of the Fritz Thyssen Stiftung. LITHUANIAN ONOMASTICS OF LESS LITHUANIA IN THE ARCHIVES OF GERMANY Abstract In this paper, the Lithuanian person and place names of the 16th—20th centuries are examined. Jh. This paper deals with the church records of the Lithuanian communities and other records of East Prussia in the Secret State Archive of Prussian Cultural Property, Berlin, in the Evangelical Central Archive, Berlin, and in the Central Office for German Genealogy, Leipzig. These archive materials are so far almost unknown in Lithuania and present the current subject of research for the history of Lithuanian onomastics. 17 The sources of the Central Evangelical Archive in Berlin are being investigated, see Aušra Šeškutė, Vincentas Drotvinas. About the names and surnames of Lithuanians in Ragainės district. —Lithuanian language: researchers and studies: To mark the 450th anniversary of the first Lithuanian book —Martin Mažvydas’ Catechism. Lithuanian Language Institute. Thesis of the conference reports. 23 October 1996— 24 d. p. 32-33. 87