Sembos vietovardžiai Rytprūsių foliantuose

ACTA LINGUISTICA LITHUANICA LIETUVIŲ KALBOTYROS KLAUSIMAI XLI (1999) Grasilda BLAŽIENĖ Vilnius Pedagogical University PLACE NAMES OF SAMBIA IN THE EAST PRUSSIAN FOLIANTS A considerable number of place names from Sambia, which had not yet come to the attention of researchers of the Old Prussian onomasticon, are recorded in the East Prussian foliants, whose significance for the study of the Old Prussian onomasticon I have had occasion to discuss and write about more than once.1 The article examines several Sambia place names selected from the East Prussian foliants and other manuscript sources held in the Geheimes Staatsarchiv Preußischer Kulturbesitz in Berlin. †Baricken In the Labiau district. Baricken 1628 (Ostpr. Fol. 5314 43), Baricken 1664 (EMx 126g 23 1v, 2), Ba-ricken 1729 (EM 126g 69 3). The Prussian origin of this oikonym is entirely plausible. *Barik- is most likely derived from a personal name; cf. Old Prussian personal names Barike, Bareyke, Barim (Trautmann 1925: 17); Lithuanian personal names Bareikà, Bareikis, Barūtis (LPŽ I 195, 206), Lithuanian place names Bareikiai Mlt, Bareikiškis Kš, Bareikiškiai Šr (LAŽ 27). †Byrmeyn near Gallgarben, in the Schaaken district. Byrmeyn 1535–1536 (Ostpr. Fol. 10003 26v). Its origin is unclear and difficult to determine on the basis of a single attestation. Perhaps it is the Old Prussian place name *Bir-mein- (?) / *Bir-main- (?), derived from the Old Prussian dithematic personal name *Birmeine. For *bir-, cf. the Lithuanian personal names Birjotas, Birmantas, Birmuntas (LPŽ I 264); for *main- / *mein-, cf. the Old Prussian personal names Meyniko, Meynote (Trautmann 1925: 57); Lithuanian personal names Meinikis, Meinis, Meinius (LPŽ II 200); Latvian personal name Meinates de Anscen (Blese 1929: 297). †Dolgeinen between Berbadien and Bollgehnen, in the Powunden district. Dolgeinen 1620 (Ostpr. Fol. 3514 242), Dolgeinen 1632 (Ostpr. Fol. 1010 2 13v), Dolgenen 1670 (Ostpr. Fol. 10146 97v). This oikonym should be reconstructed as *Dalg-ein- and associated with Old Prussian *dalgis, doalgis ‘scythe’. It is a derivative with the suffix *-ein-. Cf. other Old Prussian place names Dalgantis (river), Dalgandt (forest), Dallige (river) (Gerullis 1922: 25); Lithuanian place names Dalgėnai Vlkv, Dalginė Mrj (LAŽ 52); Latvian place names Dalgi (river), Dalgis (village) (Endzelīns 1956: 190); Lithuanian dalgė; dalgis (LKŽ II 240–241); Latvian dalgs ‘scythe’ (LVV I 434–435). †Doßehnen near Kobjeiten, in the Fischhausen district. Doßehnen 1670 (Ostpr. Fol. 10146 63). Perhaps it is the Old Prussian place name *Dus-ein- (?). Cf. Old Prussian place names Dosin (forest), Dosin (village), which J. Gerulis (Gerullis 1922: 30) associates with Lithuanian. 1 B l a ž i e n ė G. On Sixteenth- and Seventeenth-Century Sambia Place Names. – Baltistica. Supplement 5, 1998, 59–78. 96 dùsas ‘shortness of breath; a person or animal with shortness of breath; breath, sigh, taking a breath; a kind of marsh bird’ (LKŽ II 316–317). Cf. also the Lithuanian hydronyms Dusà, Dusià, Dusýnas, which, in A. Vanagas’s opinion, are most likely related to Lithuanian dùsti ‘to lack air, thirst, tire; to die, become rancid’ (Vanagas 1981: 98). †Drugiten near Wangnicken, Fischhausen district. Drugiten 1670 (Ostpr. Fol. 10146 12): Prussian place name *Drug-īt-, probably a derivative with the suffix *-īt- from Prussian *drugìs, drogìs ‘reed’. Cf. Prussian place names Drucheyn, Drugene (Gerullis 1922: 31; Blažienė 1993: 17); Latvian hydronyms Drudzis or Dru­dža-strauts, Dru­dža-purvs, streams, Drudžiņ-būda (Endzelīns 1956: 229). †Garblaucken a vanished village in Fischhausen district. Garblauken 1563–1564 (Ostpr. Fol. 3450 111ᵛ): Prussian *Garb-lauk-. A compound whose two components are productive toponymic lexemes: Prussian *garbis ‘hill’ and Prussian laucks ‘field’. Both Prussian *garbis and laucks are attested in numerous Prussian place names (Blažienė 1993: 21, 45). †Jodeiken a village in Laptau district. Jodeiken 1674–1675 (Ostpr. Fol. 3563 6): Prussian *Jodeik-, undoubtedly of anthroponymic origin; cf. the Prussian anthroponym Jodeyko and other Prussian anthroponyms Jode, Joduke, Jodutke (Trautmann 1925: 39), and the Prussian place name Joduthe (Gerullis 1922: 51); also the Lithuanian anthroponym Jodeika, see Juodeikà (LPŽ I 836), Lithuanian place names Jodėnai Pln, Juodeikiai Jnš, Klm, Mžk, Pln (LAŽ 105, 109); Latvian place names Juõds, Juõdēni (Endzelīns 1956: 410). †Jorlaucken a village in Laptau district. Jorlaucken 1542–1543 (Ostpr. Fol. 3427 145), Jorlaucken 1563–1564 (Ostpr. Fol. 3540 118), Jorlauckenn 1620 (Ostpr. Fol. 3514 227): perhaps Prussian *Jorg-lauk- / *Jurg-lauk-. A compound whose second component, Prussian laucks, is unequivocal, while the first is most likely related to the Prussian anthroponyms Jurge, Jorge, which derive from the German anthroponyms Jorge, Jurge (Trautmann 1925: 41). Cf. the Prussian place names Jorgelawken (OF 110 58); Jorgelauke (Gerullis 1922: 51). †Kirpieten between Schuditten and Kragau, Medenau district. Kirpieten 1542–1543 (Ostpr. Fol. 3427 88): Prussian *Kirp-īt-, a derivative with the suffix *-īt- from the Prussian anthroponym *Kirpe. Cf. the Prussian place name Kirpain (PUB V 1 132), Prussian anthroponyms Kirpeine, Kirpaine (Nesselmann 1873: 2); Lithuanian anthroponyms *Kirpa, Kirpaitis, Latvian anthroponym Ķirpis (LPŽ I 1001), Lithuanian place names Kīrpakalnis Klm, Kirponiai Pkr (LAŽ 135), Latvian place names Cīrpeņi, Cīrpie­ne, Cīrpnīeki (Endzelīns 1956: 167–168). †Lattkeim in Caymen district. Lattkeim 1670 (Ostpr. Fol. 10146 86): perhaps Prussian *Lat-keim-. A compound whose second component is the productive toponymic lexeme Prussian caymis ‘village’. For the first component, cf. the Prussian place name Latheyne (OF 107 242ᵛ); Lithuanian hydronyms Latavà, river, Lātupis, river, Lātežeris, lake (LUEV 87–88); Latvian place names Latciemieši, Latvases, Latupes (Endzelīns 1961: 266). †Lausen in Caymen district, near Sittkeim. Lause 1589–1590 (Ostpr. Fol. 10060 194), Laußen 1632 (Ostpr. Fol. 10102 17ᵛ): Prussian *Laus- or *Lauz-. If read as *Laus-, cf. the Lithuanian anthroponym *Lausà, *Lau- 97 šas, to be associated with Lithuanian laušas ‘half-wit’, laušis ‘a person dressed badly’, laušys ‘cripple’ (LPŽ II 36); Latvian place names Laišas, a homestead, Laūs-purvs, a bog, Lausenes, a village (Endzelīns 1961: 274). If read as *Lauz-, compare Lithuanian personal names Laužys, Laužius, Lithuanian laužas ‘a sloppy, clumsy, slovenly, lazy person’, Lithuanian place names Laužai in Brž, Pln, Laužėnai in Švnč (LAŽ 155); Latvian place names Laužas, Laužinas, Lauzini (Endzelīns 1961: 275–276). †Markelnigken near Kösnicken, in the Pobethen district. Marckelnigken 1561–1562 (Ostpr. Fol. 100 32 98): Old Prussian *Markel-(e)nīk-, a derivative with the suffix *-enīk- from a personal name. Compare Lithuanian personal names Márkelis, Markėlis, Markelionis, Markeliūnas (LPŽ II 163). †Mettkitten near St. Lorenz, in the Fischhausen district. Mettkiten 1632 (Ostpr. Fol. 10102 18): probably Old Prussian *Metk-īt- (?). Compare Latvian personal name Mętkas (Endzelīns 1961: 423). †Monickkeim in the Pobethen district. Monickkeim 1563–1564 (Ostpr. Fol. 3540 117ᵛ): probably Prussian *Manik-kaim-. A compound whose second component is associated with Prussian caymis ‘village’, while the first is of personal-name origin; cf. Prussian personal names Manicke, Manix, Manit̄he (Trautmann 1925: 55), Prussian place names Mannick (EM 102d₁ 564 1), Manitav, Maniothkaym (Gerullis 1922: 94); Lithuanian personal names Maneikis, Manéika, Maniónis, Manèlis: manùs (Zinkevičius 1977: 401), Lithuanian place names Maneikiai Ut, Maniškės Mlt (LAŽ 169–170); Latvian place names Maņeki or Maņiki, Maņeli (Endzelīns 1961: 376). †Perbange in the Powunden district. Perbange 1542–1543 (Ostpr. Fol. 3427 165): Old Prussian *Per-bang- (?), Old Prussian prefix *per- and *bang-. Compare Old Prussian place name Bangityen (Gerullis 1922: 16); Latvian place names Baņgas, Bàngas (Endzelīns 1956: 84). †Pogarben near Sudau, in the Quednau parish. Pogarben 1670 (Ostpr. Fol. 10146 49): Old Prussian *Pa-garb-, a derivative formed with the Old Prussian prefix *pa- ‘near, below’ from Old Prussian *garbis ‘mountain’. Compare another Old Prussian place name Pogarben (Gerullis 1922: 127). †Preslacken between Nöttnicken and Heiligenkreutz, in the Heiligenkreutz parish. Preslacken 1542–1543 (Ostpr. Fol. 3427 69): perhaps Old Prussian *Preis-lauk- (?). The second element of the compound is Old Prussian laucks ‘field’; the first may be of personal-name origin. Compare Lithuanian personal names Preisas, Preisas, German Preis, the Germanism preisas ‘Prussian’ (LPŽ II 509); Latvian personal names Preisbergs, Preiss (Blese 1927: 73). †Rokelnicken near Greibau, in the Wargen district. Rokelnicken 1670 (Ostpr. Fol. 10146 92): probably Old Prussian *Rukl-enīk- (?). Of personal-name origin; compare Lithuanian personal name Ruklis, from Lithuanian rūklis ‘someone who is wrinkled’ (LPŽ II 635), Lithuanian place name Rukliai in Ut, Lithuanian *Rukla river (Vanagas 1981: 283–284), and the village Ruklą by that river, in Jon (LAŽ 267). †Rüdenicken near Callen, in the Fischhausen parish. Rüdenicken 1563–1564 (Ostpr. Fol. 3450 14ᵛ): Prussian *Rūd-enīk, a derivative with the suffix *-enīk- from a Prussian personal name. Cf. Prussian personal names Rudde, Rudayko (Trautmann 1925: 84). Cf. Lithuanian place names Rūdininkai Mrj, Šlčn (LAŽ 266). 98 †Schirdittlack near Mollehnen, in the Laptau district. Schirdittlack 1542–1543 (Ostpr. Fol. 3427 142), Schirdilacken 1563–1564 (Ostpr. Fol. 3450 116): Prussian *Skird-īt-lauk-. A compound whose second element is Prussian laucks ‘field’; the first is probably a derivative with the suffix *-īt- from a personal name. Cf. Lithuanian personal name Skirdys: Lithuanian skirdis ‘prominence, cleft’, skirdėti ‘to become ragged; to crack, split’, skirdyti ‘to separate’ (LPŽ II 742). Cf. Prussian place name Schirditen (Gerullis 1922: 161). †Taugeinen near Könsicken, in the Pobethen district. Taugeinen 1632 (Ostpr. Fol. 10102 13ᵛ): perhaps Prussian *Tauj-ein-, since g is often recorded in Prussian names. Of personal-name origin; cf. Lithuanian personal names Taujėnis, Taujėnas (LPŽ II 1029), Lithuanian place names Taujėnai Ukм, Taujėnėliai Ukm, Taujūnai Ign (LAŽ 314). Prussian place names found in manuscript sources supplement our knowledge of Prussian names. Thus, their significance is beyond doubt, and for this very reason these place names attract the attention of Baltic onomastic researchers. It is therefore important to examine as many manuscript sources as possible in which Prussian place names might be found. Received 1999 04 29 Abbreviations personal name marsh lake village Latvian Lithuanian forest compare bog Prussian pref. – prefix pv. – meadow up. – river vdnv. – hydronym vok. – German vv. – place name † – extinct, no longer existing Literature and sources Blažienė G. 1993: Sembos prūsų vietovardžiai: Humanitarinių mokslų daktaro disertacija, Vilnius. Blese E. 1929: Latviešu personu vārdu un uzvārdu studijas, Rīgā. Blese E. 1927: Uzvārdu pareikstības vārdnīca, Rīgā. EM – Etatsministerium documents. 99 Endzelīns J. 1956: Latvijas PSR vietvārdi 1(1), Rīgā: Latvijas PSR zinātņu akadēmijas izdevniecība. Endzelīns J. 1961: Latvijas PSR vietvārdi 1(2), Rīgā: Latvijas PSR zinātņu akadēmijas izdevniecība. Gerullis G. 1922: Die altpreußischen Ortsnamen, Berlin und Leipzig: Vereinigung wissenschaftlicher Verleger, Walter de Gruyter u. Co. LAŽ – Directory of the administrative-territorial division of the Lithuanian SSR 1, Vilnius: Mintis, 1976. LKŽ II – Dictionary of the Lithuanian Language 2, Vilnius: Mintis, 1969. LPŽ – Dictionary of Lithuanian Surnames 1, Vilnius: Mokslas, 1985; 2, Vilnius: Mokslas, 1989. LUEV – Gazetteer of Lithuanian Rivers and Lakes, Vilnius: State Publishing House for Political and Scientific Literature, 1963. LVV I – K. Mülenbach’s Latviešu valodas vārdnīca. Edited, supplemented, and continued by J. Endzelīns, 1, Riga: Cultural Foundation publication, 1923. Nesselmann G. H. T. 1873: Thesaurus linguae Prussicae, Berlin. OF – Ordensfolianten, Order folios. Ostpr. Fol. – East Prussian folios. PUB – Preußisches Urkundenbuch 1–6, Königsberg and Marburg, 1882–1986. Trautmann R. 1925: Die altpreußischen Personennamen, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck u. Ruprecht. Vanagas A. 1981: Lietuvių hidronimų etimologinis žodynas, Vilnius: Mokslas. Zinkevičius Z. 1977: Lietuvių antroponimika, Vilnius: Mokslas, 1977. THE OLD PRUSSIAN PLACE NAMES IN THE EAST PRUSSIAN FOLIANTS Summary This contribution once again underscores the significance of the handwritten sources, the East Prussian Foliants. Many place names have been discovered in the East Prussian Foliants that do not occur in the work of any researcher of the Old Prussian name stock. The contribution lists and briefly discusses some of the newly discovered Old Prussian place names of the Samland. 100