Algirdas Sabaliauskas. „Lietuvių kalbos tyrinėjimo istorija. 1980–2010 m.“

299 ecenzijos / e iews aLdona PauLauskienė Vilniaus uni e si e as Resea ch a eas include g amma heo y, his o y o g amma science, and social linguis ics. sa Ma kaVia La ijos uni e si e as Resea ch a eas include quan i a i e linguis ics, gene al linguis ics, and he his o y o linguis ics. algi das sabaliauskas The his o y o Li huanian language esea ch. 1980 o 2010 M. Vilnius: Ins i u e o Li huanian Language, 2012, p. 766 ISBN 978-609-411-084-9 Some imes a na u al image, a wo k o a o science is so majes ic and pene a ing o he dep hs o he soul ha i is di icul o ind he i s igh wo d and s a a con e sa ion abou i . When we ge o his poin , we s a wi h wha we' e al eady ead and u ned he book o e , ha is, he au ho 's pho og aph. I don' know wha i 's o , bu i 's pe ec o he end o a meaning ul job. The highes peak has been eached, om which i can be seen so wide and a . ealized he impo ance o he wo k unde aken, had he alen , diligence, pe se e ance, o pay o he goal. All o his p oduced an as onishing esul . The au ho can and should be happy. sa ma k[…]a i[…]a was in e es ed in he his o y o language esea ch (p. 479). She also ound a 672-page book by ou au ho s, The His o y o Linguis ics in he No dic Coun ies, published in Finnish in 2000. We' e bo h amazed a he uniqueness o he wo k o algi dus sabalia. o al numbe o pages 1286 ( olume one […] 253 pages, olume wo […] 267, olume h ee […] 766). This di e ence in he size o he hi d olume is due o wo easons: 1) o e ime, he numbe o Li huanian language esea che s has inc eased, he science o he language has expanded; 2) he wo ks o emig an speake s could no be conside ed ab oad in ensla ed Li huania. So his gap is illed in he hi d book. Sabaliauskas begins his ilogy wi h heo ies abou he o igin o he Li huanian language and he i s Li huanian book, he i s g amma . A comp ehensi e o e iew o he i s s age o he s udy o he Li huanian language was p o ided. The compa a i e his o ical language, which is impossible wi hou he Li huanian language, eme ged and lou ished in Ge many in he 19 h cen u y. and he e o e ini ia ed 300 ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXIX om he wo ks o he Ge man linguis s. A e hem, aLdona PauLauskienė, sa Ma kaVia he Li huanian in es iga ions hemsel es up o 1918 a e desc ibed ( id ichas ku šai is, alexand as ku šai is, jonas juška, an anas juška, an anas ba anauskas, kazimie as jaunius, jonas spudulis and o he s). A e 1918, he i s w i ings on Li huanian language esea ch in Li huania (Kazimie as Buga, Jonas Jablonskis, Edua das Vol e is, P anas Ska džius, An anas Salys, Pe as Jonikas and o he s) we e made by he linguis ic minology wo k, he academic g amma o Li huanian language, he a las o Li huanian kazimie o būgos i jono jablonskio eikla p asidėjo ge okai p ieš 1918 m. an oji knyga apima laiko a pį nuo 1940 iki 1980 m. P adedama sky iumi „ y inėjimas a ybų Lie u oje“. a si ado emos: „Lie u ių kalbos žodynas“ „ e - language. Fu he mo e, i is w i en abou he esea ch o he Li huanian language in Li huania and o he epublics o he USSR, in coun ies o people's democ acy and in he wo ld. The hi d book co e s he en yea s o So ie and wen y yea s o independen Li huania. In ecen decades, i has become much easie o ob ain deg ees and i les because hey a e no awa ded in Moscow. As a esul , many doc o al disse a ions ha e been w i en and de ended in a ious ields o linguis ics. I is s iking ha Sabaliauskas no only egis e ed and e alua ed he disse a ions, bu also indica ed he a icles published on hei opics. In addi ion, he dic iona ies o bilingual and special e ms a e desc ibed he e, hei au ho s and esponsible edi o s a e lis ed, he coope a ion o he Li huanian Language Ins i u e wi h he Mul imedia Cen e o he Ins i u e o Ma hema ics and In o ma ics and he UNESCO Depa men o In o ma ics o Humani a ian Specialis s, e c. O cou se, as in o he olumes, i s a s om he mos impo an Li huanian wo ks: he dic iona y o he Li huanian language, he e minology wo k, he academic g amma s o he Li huanian language, he a las o he Li huanian language, he ex s o he dic iona ies, he dic iona ies. A e eading he hi d olume, we hough ha he e a e wo Li huanian books whose con en is no e lec ed in he i le: his is Jono Kazlausko's His o ical G amma o he Li huanian Language, which has much less han a me e i le (only a noun and a e b wi hou a p e ix), and algi do sabalia o he ime o he s udy o he Li huanian language, which has much mo e han a i le. I con ains biog aphical ac s abou he esea che s, no only hei mos impo an linguis ic wo ks, bu also memoi s, and ic ion, e iews o scien i ic wo ks, epo s a con e ences, anni e sa y speeches, obi ua ies. no only Li huanian, bu also P ussian language esea ch, he use o Bal ic language ac s o o he wo ks (my hology, cul u al his o y, a ious ields o humani ies and o he ela ed sciences, such as child en's psychology). I he speake s e e ge medals and o de s, i 's because hey' e go o ge i s place o hei scien i ic wo k. He admi s o w i ing his ex ao dina y encyclopedia all his li e. Bu he e we e o he wo ks: he s udied he lexicon o Li huanian and Bal ic languages, w o e books o he popula iza ion o language science ha e e yone lo es o ead. One o hem (We Whi e) is also ead in English, Swedish, and I alian. he i s wo olumes o he his o y o he Li huanian language o be awa ded he S a e P ize o Li huania, and he hi d, in he opinion o bo h e iewe s, he Science P ize o he Republic o Li huania. algi das sabaliauskas Lie u ių kalbos y inėjimo is o ija. 1980–2010 m. 301 e iews I he book we e o con ain only ac s, wi hou a desc ip ion and e alua ion o he con en s o he mo e impo an wo ks, we would ha e o inish ou w i ing he e. Bu e e yone has he igh o judge. I 's no mal o ha e you own iew o wha 's w i en. One is om he Li huanian hea h, and he o he is om he neighbo ing coun y. So he e iewe s, no wan ing o impose hei indi idual opinions on each o he , a e a li le bi di e en : maybe i 's e en mo e a ional o s a wi h muoju asmeniu ašo Paulauskienė, o ku su ampa abiejų nuomonė, a ojamos į a džio mes o mos. you sel . I ead i , and I hough , well, i 's no ha bad, i 's done a lo . I'm only in e es ed in he meaning o wo wo ds: polemics and o iginali y. I didn' wan a igh , I wan ed a dialogue. ch is ianas s. s angas "Compa a i e g amma o he Bal ic languages" (Ve gleichende G amma ik de bal ischen Sp achen 1966) de ines science in he con ex o coope a ion as a dialogue be ween people. Un o una ely, in Li huanian, i was di icul o e en impossible o app oach no mal dialogue in many cases, because dialogue equi es a leas wo, i equi es adi ions, and Li huanians we e he pionee s and he only ones in many a eas o language. And e en hough we' e w i ing in wo, we can' co e e e y hing. Fo example, e en a e comple ing my scien i ic wo k, I would no be able o discuss wi h specialis s in expe imen al phone ics, phonology, accen ology, onomas ics, e ymology, s ylis ics, esea che s o he P ussian language, I do no know all Li huanian languages, e c. I know he impo ance o he esea ch a eas lis ed, bu I don' ha e he compe ence. I don' know he monumen s o he old Li huanian language as well as Jonah Palionis does. And he e's s ill a lo o a eas whe e I can only speak om a gene al educa ion pe spec i e. he dialogue could no be no mal because o he cha ac e o he i s ones. Because in he ime desc ibed in he sabalia, Li huanian science was he i s o be collec ed. And hey el hei uniqueness. Le 's u n o Jus in Ma cinke ich's Dia y wi hou da es, le 's ead he essay abou Jonah Kazlauska "F iend's Song" and we'll ind ha Jonah, in i ed o answe a high school, e en somehow wen o he ape, as i o emphasize ha he's going o say ha he lea ns. The i s ones need space, and when hey ga he in one place, hey ini ially shake hei elbows. Tha 's how i was in he Li huanian ceme e y. o he o iginali y. How else could i be? The a e o he young lec u e s ga e he s uden s hei i s audience. I was Li huanians wi h a specializa ion in classical philology. You' e no going o ell hem any hing. I ook a lo o wo k. A lo o g ea people ha e come ou o hose s uden s. Some o hem a e also desc ibed in he book o Psalms. I'm glad hey made me keep lea ning and hinking abou wha I was eaching. om a small (pe haps a g oup o eigh people) came ou a p o esso academician boni acas s undža, known as a peasan woman b onė ka ile ičiū ė-s undžienė, a guide Michelinio's wi e bi u ė Žindžiū ė, a p o esso Meilu ė amonienė, a docen aud onė kuduly ė-kai ienė. And how many o hem we e in he o he classes! I don' emembe all o hem, bu I' e go s uden s he e. ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXIX o sigi as na bu as, Laimu ė anelauskai ė (balodė), aLdona PauLauskienė, sa Ma kaVia i u ė Šepe y ė, gied ė V ubliauskai ė, Mindaugas s ockis and k . ce ainly no noamas chomskis sen o he his o ical dialec […]mi ies bučinį[…] (p. 302 444) In Eu ope he was sen a he beginning o he wen ie h cen u y, bu in Li huania he s ill alks abou his li e a y wo k: I I had mo e, I would ha e gi en mo e. I 's gi en and i 's gi en. Acco ding o Bishop Mo ieus: I don' ha e ho ses, I'm a donkey, and my soil doesn' g ow. I' e used is o inė kalbo y a bu o ka alienė iki XX a. pabaigos. no s 1959 m. p adė a ašy i akademinė Lie u ių kalbos g ama ika, be į ai, kas ne is o ija, isą laiką bu o žiū- ima iš aukš o. kai dėl niekinamosios pažiū os į adicinę g ama iką (o gal i į mo e į mokslininkę) pasida yda o sunku di b i, a min is pakišda o ci a ą iš Vaižgan- quo es om he biog aphies o amous people o ill my head wi h hem as a e e ence when he column can' handle un ounded c i icism. He e's ano he quo e om Augus Schleiche : I ha e a e age abili ies, bu I ha e a s ong will. And wi h i , I ge wha I hink is necessa y. I 's a na u al ques ion why he e hasn' been a his o ical syn ax o a long ime. Zigmas Zinke ičius esponded o him by men ioning he 80 h anni e sa y o P ano Gaili. he was only he nominal head o he disse a ion, because he disse a ion deal wi h he meanings and use o he p esc ibed sedimen , and he deal only wi h he o ms. As long as scien is s only ca ed abou he o m o wo ds, hey couldn' e en hink abou he his o ical syn ax. The e o e, Vy au as Amb as (p. 123 […] 131) is igh ly conside ed he ounde o he his o ical syn ax in Li huanian, because he app oached he his o y o compound wo ds based no on emp y wo d o ms, bu on pa iciple cons uc ions. and only a he beginning o he 20 h cen u y (2006 m.) w o e a wo k called he his o ical syn ax o he Li huanian language. I would be good i in he u u e he e we e people who could app ecia e wha has been done, and who wan ed o con inue he wo k ha had been s a ed, so ha he his o ical discou se would no be synch onous, because many hypo heses can be based only on in e nal econs uc ion. The sabo eu ies o be objec i e, bu some imes he inds easons and subjec i e sympa hies. Fo example, sympa hy o Julius G eim: e en in h ee places (p. 17, 79, 97) his a icle published in Li e a ū a in 1991 is emembe ed, ull o p ide in himsel and con emp o Li huanian speake s. Bu ab oad he s ood alone a he semio ic lopšio, and in Li huania a e he wa he e we e many speake s, bu hey we e pu o wo k by Zigmas Zinke ičius who ga e he las pla o m o he XX cen u y. And he c i icism u ns o p aise. (p. 128) and Vy au as amb azas […] The spelling o he names o he wo ld's eal people (p. 130). I 's a nieko do a nenu eikę. iesa, pa ašę žodyną kaip kokį dango aižį, ik aps a ydami usus, už jį pa į bu ęs gabesnis suolo d augas jonas kabelka pa ako neiš adęs, s e- e ible i le, "Li huanian language be ayal". F om he Sabaliausk book i seems ha abou he language ki u a eju pasielg a a i kščiai: nu ylė a ai, ko nu ylė i nede ė ų. Pa yzdžiui, ik in o muojama, kad Vincas u bu is pa ašęs knygelę Lie u ių kalbos išda ys ė algi das sabaliauskas Lie u ių kalbos y inėjimo is o ija. 1980–2010 m. 303 e iews we e w i en by nobody. Bu hey did, and a lo o hem, no jus linguis s, bu o he people o cul u e. The Li huanian language dic iona y and he balchikon should be ou side he scope o c i icism. Once you' e go all he language ma e ial, you can w i e g amma , you can w i e dic iona ies ha wi hs and scien i ic c i icism, and you can do o he hings. You pi miausia s a bu jų u ė i kiek galima daugiau. jeigu ka ais au a išnyk ų, ai pasaulis u ė ų ben g ažų jos paminklą. ne i iš sku džių p ūsų kalbos ak ų pa- jus ha e o make science ou o he ac s o he language. The e a e also signi ican wo ks by Vladimi Topo o , Vy au as Mažiulis, G asildas Blažienė, Aud onė Kaukienė, P. U. Dinio and o he s. You don' ha e o wan a 100-yea -old Wo d o ha e any speci ic scien i ic p inciples. Gene a ions o w i e s changed, bu he w i ing p og am main ained he uni y o he Wo d. He was no a all o ended by he emo al o examples o old w i ings a he end o he a icle and he addi ion o So ie p ess ph aseology o show wha kind o li e we we e li ing. only imp o ed he dic iona y examples, collec ed om he July Janon, Pe e 's c ank, Solomon's neck, juozo whi e, kazio bo u o, jus . The wo ks o Ma cinke ičius and o he s w i e s. A e he publica ion o he se en een h olume, Kazys B adunas since ely eg e ed ha he language o w i e s and poe s who had w i en ab oad had no been included in he Dic iona y. The g ea e he ocabula y, he g ea e he weal h o he na ion. using he Li huanian ocabula y, al eady w i en synonyms, an onyms, ph ases, we ook ad an age o i and we w o e a book on he no ms o ocabula y and cu en usage wi h Danu e Ta ydai e. The e is a lo o ead in he Li huanian language dic iona y, because, as Kazimie Bougas says, " he people speak wha is he e". I is e en mo e sad when, a e all he Wo d has been spoken, humani a ians, including wo p o esso s, complain abou he po e y o he Li huanian language in he magazine The New Ligh house. Aidai 5[…]6 (2010). This is he i s ime I' e seen his. I 's ha d o imagine Li huanian speech wi hou a balcony. The e's an un hinkable saying ha a man who lo es a balcony mo e han a job is a man who lo es a language. Bu wo k, wi h he pu pose o c ea ing some hing meaning ul, is sac ed. No one else unde s ood he wo k and du ies o his ai h as well as Balchikon. Aldon Pupkis has al eady explo ed he ole o he balchicon in he his o y o he spelling o wo ds. Bu he e a e s ill li e a y and g amma ical ansla ions. Ma cinke ičienė esea ched he ansla ion o he a els o Guli e . and i seems o he ha he balchikon has ansla ed his wo k wice: om he o iginal in o Li huanian and om he w i en in o he spoken language (p. 344). By he way, Balchikon used no only he o iginal, bu also ansla ions in o se e al o he languages. All hose who c i icized he ansla ions o he balchikon (and he Ma cinke ičienei) should ha e known ha good ansla o s ansla e no he o iginal o m, bu he con en , ha he common Li huanian language is based no on w i ings, bu on he li ing language o people. The e o e, when o he na ions y o aise he spoken language o he w i en language, he Li huanians ha e o do he opposi e: imp o e he w i en language o he spoken language. In o de no o subjec he p aise o he Li huanian slang o subjec i i y, I ha e mo ed he e a quo e om Juozo Pikčiling's Wo d In e iew. These a e he wo ds o he Ame ican Theodo e S. T us on: "The Li huanian language, being e y old, is 304 aLdona PauLauskienė, sa Ma kaVia ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXIX nuos abios sanda os, obulesnė ne už sansk i ą i senąją g aikų kalbą, u ingesnė I 's mo e sub le han La in and much mo e sub le han all h ee. In addi ion, he Li huanian language is mo e closely ela ed o hem han any hing else c ea ed by ma inės s uk ū os o momis [...]. nė a jokių abejonių, kad jokia ki a kalba pasau- lyje nė a įgijusi okią e ę kaip lie u ių. didžios šlo ės diadema p ide a lie u ių na u e, no only he oo s o wo ds, bu also he g a au ai, he c ea o s, he u ulious and hus he pe ec ed language o he people wi h i s wonde ul and clea imą, o iš ienos bend inės kalbos e ė į ki ą bend inę kalbą. composi ion. So he balcony did no do a double e b e y badly i he elec onic media language om Poduk os would become he daugh e 's o e en he mo he 's language (p. 344). We ha e a esponsibili y o make i be e , no o dic a e i s ules o he common language. In he age o new echnologies and globaliza ion, linguis s and all people o w i ing mus eel a g ea esponsibili y o he des uc ion o he beau y and ichness o he Li huanian language. Balchikon also ansla ed he g amma o Jano O ębski. I 's a bad hing ha he ansla ion hasn' been eleased, ha his g amma is only his o ical, when in ac i 's bo h synch onous and his o ical. I wasn' un il he balcony was illed wi h o ębski ha he planned i e- olume g amma began o be w i en om he hi d olume, om he mo phology o he schools. The aim o bo h he au ho and he ansla o was o ensu e ha Juozas Žiugda's g amma was no he only one and did no nu u e he communis spi i in he s uden s. and he added science o his o ical g amma would no ha m anyone. Acco ding o Vy au as Vi kauskas es imony, he balchikonis had he bes enginee s o he ins i u e w i e h ee copies and dis ibu e hem o lib a ies. Bu appa en ly he sen one o he au ho himsel . In his memoi s abou he balcony, pu a wo d o he wo d "you will ha e a dic iona y" is an a icle by Alexande Zhi gul, which gi es exce p s om he le e s o he au umn o he balcony: "[...] we a e glad ha you ha e inished he hi d olume o he ansla ion "be e han you can no be" a all. The ansla ion seems o us o be wonde ully accu a e and beau i ul. All you addi ions will undoub edly be use ul. Acco ding o he ho se, he balchikon had al eady ma u ed o w i e and he o iginal science wo k, bu […]Pa s conside ing himsel mo e a language p ac i ione , he had no ambi ion o say his wo d in he science o g amma , so he bowed o he wo k o his iend, whose philological knowledge he always enjoyed[…] (a he same ime). I we don' look a he ansla ions o he Balchicon, we won' know who he eally was o ou people. You should look o a g amma ansla ion machine in he cen al Ma o biblio ekų a chy uose. Vilniaus uni e si e o biblio ekoje jo nė a. ne adus Lie u- Maž ydo oje, you should go o Poland and look in he o ębski a chi e. A couple o commen s abou he dic iona y. page 52 says: "Th ee highly aluable dic iona ies we e published du ing he pe iod co e ed by ou book". Why only h ee? wha is he basis o de e mining he signi icance o he ansla ion ocabula y? In 1988 he published a dic iona y o he D uskininkai language. Maybe i 's insigni ican because i 's di e en ial and i doesn' make a ew olumes? algi das sabaliauskas Lie u ių kalbos y inėjimo is o ija. 1980–2010 m. 305 ecenzijos / e iews I is unde s andable why he de ailed ocabula y o Zie elos and he di ine snakes is signi ican . Bu wouldn' i ha e been mo e accu a e o allow a di e en ial and a ocabula y o Zana yka slang? Because mos o he ocabula y o his slang is he same as he ocabula y o he common language. In he second olume, Sabaliauskas igh ly assessed he g amma o he Li huanian language as a unique wo k, w i en by people who had s udied o we e s ill s udying disse a ions, which collec ed all he a ailable language ma e ial. To he claim ha i is ound w i en by one hand, i should be added ha i is an ex e nal inding, because he heo y o g amma is con adic o y. Al hough he i s wo olumes o Ho heads we e qui e c i ically e alua ed, hen Sabalyauskas igno ed hose no en i ely un ounded assessmen s and was igh . Bu now, in p aise o he one-a om g amma ians and hei chie edi o , he w i es o he h ee-dimensional g amma as ollows: "The basic g amma ians we e igid and qui e o en dis ega ded he s ic synch oniza ion. Due o i s la ge size, he academic g amma o he Li huanian language was no con enien o p ac ical no maliza ion, especially o school needs. So he e was a need o w i e a smalle , mo e sys ema ic wo k ha be e e lec ed he achie emen s o he la es g amma heo y. Wha does "g im synch onici y" mean? In he hi d g amma , he cu en common language is sepa a ed om he dic iona ies and old w i ings g aphically: wha does no belong o he cu en language is p in ed in small p in . I 's e y signi ican bo h scien i ically and p ac ically. I has been c i icized ha illus a i e examples ha e been collec ed om he ime o Ch is ian Donelaw o he ime o g amma ical w i ing. Bu he c i ics didn' emembe ha e e y pe son wi h a whole language ca ies a synch onous g amma , no a his o ical one. So he au ho s o he g amma had he igh o collec samples om e e ywhe e and, by si ing h ough he web o hei language, assign hem o he p esen . Wha 's mo e, some o he a chaic g amma ical o ms (as well as he his o ical amily o nouns) ha e adi ionally gone om g amma o g amma . The hi d olume, de o ed o syn ax, didn' say wha o e alua e. The e we e specialis s in syn ax, bu he abili y o combine he uni e sal syn ax wi h he speci ic mo phology o he Li huanian language and o make o iginal indings is no seen e en now. Mos o he ime, hei examples a e based on heo ies based on ac s om o eign languages. The g amma o he uni was qui e a o ably e alua ed by he o eign iends. The g amma , published in Russian, was e alua ed by Ta iana Bulygina and Yu i S epano , and he English e sion was published by William R. Schmals iegas. S epano , he au ho y a p isipažinęs, kad neigiamų ecenzijų apsk i ai ne ašąs, ecenzuojamuosiuose da buose ieškąs ik eigiamų dalykų, o jei jų ne andąs, nesiimąs ecenzuo i. o o hese lines, Schmals iegas himsel w o e "Li huanian his o ical syn ax" (A Li huanian his o ical syn ax), elying en i ely on Vy au as Amb ozo's his o ical syn ax o Li huanian pa icipan s. The i s edi ion o a one- olume g amma in Li huanian was also e iewed, bu his e iew was no seen by Sabaliauskas. I can also say abou he academic g amma o he Li huanian language he opinion o he amous Bulga ian linguis I an Du idano (p. 567-568). I was al eady he case ha in he second hal o he 306 aLdona PauLauskienė, sa Ma kaVia ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXIX 20 h cen u y, Eu ope was e y in e es ed in he p oblems o ac ion, and many young scien is s om ab oad we e sen o Vilnius Uni e si y o in e nships. They we e headed by a so-called "speech specialis ". Tha 's how I go my hands on I an Du idano 's aspi an Ka ina Bonche a. i s head is a b oad-minded scien is . He ook ca e o s udy he pa adigm o he Bulga ian ac ion wo d imes by compa ing i wi h he ac ion wo d imes o he Bal ic languages. The Bulga ian language di e s om o he Sla ic languages in e ms o analy ical e bs. I 's mo e analy ical in gene al. In he case o Du idano , h ee languages we e en isaged, close o Bulga ian would ha e been La ian, and Li huanian would ha e aken he in e media e posi ion, bu , un o una ely, his aspi an did no speak ei he Li huanian o La ian. Mo eo e , he e we e no assis an s o such wo k in La ia. So we' e jus going o mix i up wi h Li huanian. In 1986, Bonče a's disse a ion was published in So ia ( he exempla is also in he Vu Scien i ic Lib a y). I was in i ed o speak o he , and I had he oppo uni y o spend mo e ime he e, o in e ac wi h Bulga ian p o esso s and lec u e s. Du idano accompanied he one who was lea ing and asked him o b ing he Li huanian g amma o him. I didn' hea him speaking Li huanian, so I asked which g amma he wan ed - " h ee" o "one" (in 1985 we al eady had a g amma in Russian). He wan ed a h eesome. In Du idano 's opinion, his is a e y aluable g amma , because i con ains many examples o language, and he can c ea e he heo y himsel . I 's no a bad book, and ha 's why ou e iew is so good. Jus as Sabaliauskas w i es abou he poe ic abili ies o Li huanian speake s o in e es ing biog aphical ac s in he his o y o he s udy o he Li huanian language, o example, he wo k o Ole Polyako as a conc e e wo ke o he cons uc ion o he bu che 's shed, so we a e p epa ing o w i e abou he coun y's c umbling his o ies, bu qui e signi ican o Li huanian speake s and esea che s. The heo y o wo d o ma ion, based on an imp essi e amoun o ead o eign li e a u e and ac s o he Li huanian language, was c ea ed by Vincas U bu is, he i s Li huanian schola . Howe e , Li huanians we e he i s o see he h ee-dimensional Li huanian g amma o he wo d-making depa men (1965). In 1978 he published The Theo y o he Making o Wo ds. he au ho o he h ee-syllable g amma o he adjec i e and he p e ix o he e b w o e he e b independen ly o he p e ix o he e bs o he e bs, based on he ac s o he language, he adi ion. So i all wo ked ou e y well, because each pa o he language has i s own meaning, i s own way o making and changing wo ds, i s own way o using wo ds. F om he ge iau už u bu į čia negali išmany i. g amma , he cons uc ion o he wo ds o he u bu i was e y well known: i seemed ha he e is no longe a g amma depa men in he Russian-language g amma , bu i eappea s in he Li huanian e sion o he one-a om g amma , published in 1994. And i no , i 's a leas good o be awa e o wha he ca ego ies a e. i ku jos eiškiasi, ypač jeigu jau pagal u bučio daik a a džių da ybos pa yzdį algi das sabaliauskas Lie u ių kalbos y inėjimo is o ija. 1980–2010 m. 307 ecenzijos / e iews You' e going o ea ange wha 's w i en abou adjec i es o e bs in a h ee-le e g amma . In he heo y o wo d making, U bu is w i es e y cau iously abou he ca ego ies o wo ds: "The ca ego ies o wo ds, appa en ly, a e mos p onounced in he wo ds o hings, hough no all o hem, bu abo e all in he wo ks o p ecep s and endings" (p. 280). He doesn' w i e he p eposi ional wo ds himsel in e ms o he ca ego ies o he wo k, because he e a en' many p eposi ions, and hey don' mean any hing. Adjec i es and ad e bs a e also ew, and hey ha e mul iple meanings. and he p eposi ion o e bs is undamen ally di e en om ha o nouns o adjec i es. Tha 's why you can' pu i all on one, e en hough i 's e y beau i ul, he u nip. F om hen on, he la e g amma is heo e ically no be e han he ea lie one. I is also men ioned ha I ha e p e iously iewed he wo k o he a chi ec s in i s o iginal o m (p. 133). Whe e did he o iginal come om? u bu is indica ed only he o mal di e ence be ween nouns and e bs be o e he e b: he e b's p e ix does no change he end, and he e b's p e ix changes. So i 's impo an o ind ou wha he ole o he end o he p eposi ion wo ds is. The e is a clea di e ence in he ole o he end p oduc when compa ing he able ( able) and he able ( able). Why is i ha almos e e y e b can be p eceded by a p e ix (and mo e han one), and only some nouns ha e a p e ix? Fo example, a mush oom g ows unde a ee, so i 's called a be y, he e's a oom a he en ance, so i 's called an en ance, he e's ime be o e lunch, he e's ime be o e lunch, and so on. Then hink o he bee, he mouse, he lowe , he s one, he b ead, and many o he exp essi e wo ds o hings ha don' ha e p e e en ial cons uc ions. o which p e-de e ed ma iages a e no possible. This es ablishes he ela ionship be ween he p e ixed cons uc ion and he p e ixed noun, and he pu pose o he end is žodį. dū inių galūnė isai aip pa iš d iejų žodžių pada o ieną. Vadinasi, galima plės i dū inio są oką: d išakniai dū iniai a si anda kon akcijos būdu iš d iejų no o gi e he wo d a new meaning, bu o o m he cons uc ion as one ha m ul independen wo d, and he p e ixes […] om one se ice and ano he independen . In ne p iešdėlių ediniai, o dū iniai. kas be gal os, as begal is, kas be p o o, as bep o is, kas be lais ės, as belais is bo h cases, he ole o he end is he same. Thus, he p eposi ional nouns a e and so o h. The pe son so cha ac e ized, he wo d pe son is usually omi ed, and he dis su daik us eiškiančiais daik a a džiais, pa yzdžiui, beakuočiai miežiai. būd a dis beakuočiai negali i s i daik a a džiu, nes negalima p aleis i žodžio miežiai. ačiau adjec i e signi ying he ea u e becomes he noun. I 's no one wo d ha 's he basis o he whole hing, i 's he s uc u e o he whole hing. When you' e explaining a p oblem, you can' w i e a e iew, you can w i e a whole g amma . And how do you a oid ha i he Sabba h book is no jus encyclopedic in o ma ion? G amma has o be jus wha g amma is. By conside ing e bs as a non-g amma ical ca ego y, bu s ill w i ing abou hem in g amma , he concep o bo h e bs and ac ions, and he concep o e bs be o e e bs. 314 aLdona PauLauskienė, sa Ma kaVia ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXIX The judge did no in es iga e u he ac i i ies, bu encou aged him o do so. his, being unc i ical, in a la ge -scale wo k eplaced he Li huanian e m jablonski wi h he in e na ional e m aspec s, and he Ge man Ak ionsa called he jablonski e m ac ions. In he 1960s, he Bos on-based Li huanian Encyclopaedia published a 160-page book by Leona do DiCap io wi h all he aspec s o he Li huanian language. i con ains a compa ison wi h he e bs o Polish languages and uses he sa a ewicz me hod o desc ibe e bs acco ding o imes. Hones ly, i 's no ha easy o bea Jablonsky. And a e hese wo ks, i emained unimp o ed, only sligh ly damaged: he meaning o he e b was assigned o he u u e equen ense. One encou aged, he o he w o e, ecei ed an excellen e iew and an awa d om he Aida magazine, boas ed in he speech, and he sable w o e in his book (p. 431-432). Tha 's how some imes i comes ou wi h e iews and p aise. I lea ned a lo du ing hose yea s a he ins i u e. I' e ound ha g amma is a e y in e es ing job, and h ough ac ions, you can ge in o he g amma ical seman ics o he e b ( ansi i i y), and he meanings o he imes, and he whole science o g amma in gene al. I w o e ou au ho co e s, bibliog aphical posi ions o e wo hund ed, because he heo e ical li e a u e eally was an un a homable quan i y. (I was no o no hing ha Maslo sugges ed ha aspec ology be called a sepa a e b anch o linguis ic science). The ew i en wo k o he machine y has been submi ed o conside a ion. no subs an ial objec ions ha e been ecei ed. I was only a e conside a ion ha Vy au as Amb azas asked: "Wha will happen now?" And ha 's whe e Ul ydo's shocking peculia i y comes in: he didn' hesi a e a all and o e ed me o ge along wi h Galnai y, because she had al eady de ended he disse a ion. No, no a all! I 's a weak a gumen ha she's olde and al eady de ended he sel . Bu how is i ha he g amma eache and e en he en i e senio eam can' see he plan and le me w i e a opic o ano he au ho o yea s? I le he ins i u e wi hou lea ing a single page, and no one le my wo k. I 's like, wha was, is gone. Bu i didn' . A e wo yea s o edi ing scien i ic and echnical li e a u e, I submi ed he wo k w i en a he ins i u e as a pape o he Depa men o Aspi an s o Vilnius Uni e si y. His boss said he'd ne e seen any hing like i in his en i e ca ee . The e iewe Vy au as Mažiulis also a ed i as e y good. The en ance equi ed a heme o be a i med. A he ime, he ac ions in he ca hed al we e iewed wi h g ea skep icism. Bu Kazlauska said he decisi e ph ase: "I he e is someone o lead, le him w i e". And Pikčilingis, he head o he depa men , said: "The e will be a o mal leade , and she will w i e wi hou a leade ". No one in Li huania knew ha he ac i i ies o he s udios in he 20 h cen u y. In he Middle Ages and in he second hal o he 20 h cen u y, i was e y ele an in o he coun ies. only hen did I eel how he ainees om ab oad began o sail o s udy he ac i i ies o he Bal ic languages. The i s was he p o esso o he Uni e si y o Glasgow, Vik o Hol um. I 's wei d, bu i 's nice o see you. algi das sabaliauskas Lie u ių kalbos y inėjimo is o ija. 1980–2010 m. 315 ecenzijos / e iews only an assis an , assigned o supe ise he p o esso 's in e nship. We sa oge he a he Vu P o esso s' Reading Room o a mon h. He also lea ned ik apgin ą kandida o dise aciją, o iš ažiuodamas pasakė: „jeigu nebū ų bu ę jūsų da bo, mano s ažuo ė bū ų bu usi bep asmė.“ Li huanian, and i seemed o me ha in 1980 I me an ex ao dina y scien is and man, Ju ij S epano (p. 510 […] 513). La e , when I alked o him, I unde s ood why e as ik 2003 m. su eikė jam ga bės dak a o laipsnį, no s s epano as i anksčiau Vilnius Uni e si y dese ed i . He lo ed Li huania and i s people e y much, and le he pa y a e he e en s o Janua y 13. In 1968, S epano was he opponen o he doc o al disse a ion o J. Kazlausko o he i s de ense in Li huania. A e Kazlausko's dea h, he el ha he had los mo e han a iend, he had los , o pe haps he had been ejec ed om Vilnius Uni e si y, bu s ill Li huania had educa ed young scien is s, allowed holidays in he es a es o u al people. In 1979, in his opinion, wo signi ican books appea ed: he his o ical syn ax o he pa icipan s o he Li huanian language amb a and he Paulauskienė g amma ical ca ego y o Li huanian language e bs. So, a he eques o Regina Vencku , he ag eed o be my disse a ion opponen . The mos in e es ing hing is ha when she eads in he ca hed al, she ge s ang y: "Be o e, Paulauskienė wo ked a he galnai y, and now she has da ed o wo k o Julius; he chap e on he ca ego y o pe son o be h own ou (gi denis, he bes iend o Julio, did no say a wo d). Bu I'm no one o he obedien . So I won, because i seemed o S epano he opposi e: " he ca ego y o a pe son is w i en in he bes secula dialec ". S epano was also su p ised ha he mo ning, when he me Regina a he Vencku s a ion, he did no go o he ho el o es , bu o ou house and wi hou aking o his coa he o e ed me o w i e a epo wi h him o he Bal ic con e ence in Riga. We w o e he epo (Paulausken, S epano 1985: 1724). Asked wha kind o hanks he would like o he opponen 's ha d wo k and he ip om Moscow, S epano asked o ake ca e o a aca ion in he illage. I s ayed in Š endub ė, nea he beau i ul illage o Raiga d Valley, whe e Mikalojus Kons an inas Čiu lionis hid om he ain, whe e he compose Balys D a ion isi ed se e al imes, whe e Balchikonis li ed, collec ing songs o he D uze, whe e I li ed, and I was in i ed o join he o ches a. When I was in he middle o S epano 's aca ion, I isi ed hem, bo h wi h my wi e Lilija, enjoying he ood p epa ed by he hos ess, walking h ough gėsi, kad niekad aip puikiai nea os oga ę: u ėję du puikius kamba ius i k ali i- he o es and aking a walk o he d unka ds, isi ing he conce s a Čiu lionis' house, he di ec o o he d unka ds' and seconda y school Vy au as Basys ook a ca ide h ough sou he n Li huania. We s ill had o walk along Čiu lion's pa h and alk hones ly. The mos impo an hing was ha he amous people he encoun e ed emained iends and only o de ed a icles based on his esea ch p oblems. I was isam gy enimui. s epano o jubiliejui ski ame inkinyje Kalba i kul ū a: Fak ai 316 aLdona PauLauskienė, sa Ma kaVia ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXIX lucky enough o be in i ed o his ci cle o iends. The ac ions o he shopkeepe s also b ough me he Japanese eiko saku ai. Sabellius knows ha she lis ened o Boni ace's lec u e on he P ussian language (p. Bu can you know e e y hing? whe e she lea ned ha he p o esso , ha ing ecei ed Paulauskienė's book, had sen his s uden o s udy ac ing. Maybe you can jus guess om he publica ions. Bu i 's no so easy o ind ou ha he Saku a, many imes a e s udying, le hei small child en wi h hei g andmo he s, wen o Li huania, li ed no in a ho el, bu in he house o he Paulauskas, so ha Paulauskienė could wea a kimono whene e she wan ed, so ha no one in Japan spoke so well and did no speak Li huanian like he Saku a. Asked why she was s ill an assis an and no a p o esso , she eplied e y quie ly: "Men don' allow i . The Japanese mus be submissi e and obedien , p o du is she is no he i s . […] Now he child en a e g owing up: he son Nao o is ele en yea s old, he daugh e Akana is eigh yea s old, and he son Ken o is ou , and Saku ai has p omised o isi Li huania again and again. Fi s o all, I would like o alk abou wo ou s anding Li huanian speake s, Zigmas Zinke ičius and Aleksas Gi denis. My gene a ion emembe s Ziggy Zinke ich as a g ea lec u e . Now we' e p oud o ha e been s uden s o he balcony, and hen we conside ed Zinke ich he bes lec u e , and his o ical g amma he mos in e es ing subjec . We didn' ealize hen ha o e ime, oo much de o ion o science, i s hono s, i s awa ds and i s a ious ewa ds, i s desi e o lead he wo ld, could ac as a kind o na co ic. Zinke ičius spen all his ime in science, in he posi ions he held, in he a alanche o hono and espec bo h in Li huania and ab oad. I 's desc ibed wi h g ea e e ence in he Book o Sabba h. Talen ed and ha dwo king Zinke ičius, bu all ha he has w i en is now impossible o co e and e alua e. Simila ly, Silbajo is spoke o Edua d Mieželai is: A alen ed Mieželai is, bu he shines like a migh y oun ain in he middle o he squa e and i is impossible o p ope ly e alua e his whole. I ead e y ca e ully he his o y o he Li huanian language o Zinke ičius om he i s page o he end, because I was p epa ing o w i e abou he i s g amma o he Li huanian language. I also know he p ehis o y o his Zinke ičius s udio. In 1964, he Depa men o Li huanian Language, oge he wi h he Ins i u e o Li huanian is o iją i ją baig i 1970 m. be au o iai labiau ūpinosi sa o dak a inėmis (habili- acinėmis) dise acijomis i planuo o da bo nep adėjo. Planus ais laikais eikalau- Language and Li e a u e, decided o w i e he Li huanian language. On Feb ua y 8, 1968, a he mee ing o he depa men (p o ocol no. 314), i was decided o sepa a e om he ins i u e and w i e wo scien i ic wo ks ha would also ep esen he planned his o y o he Li huanian language and would be ex books o s uden s o highe schools. Palioni is supposed o w i e he his o y o Li huanian li e a y language. He w o e and published his manual in 1979. A e imp o ing and changing he i le, in 1985 he ga e s uden s he his o y o Li huanian w i en language. algi das sabaliauskas Lie u ių kalbos y inėjimo is o ija. 1980–2010 m. The second e iew was a collec i e wo k on he his o ical g amma o he Li huanian language. The plan is as ollows: I. In oduc ion and bibliog aphy (3 a. l […] kazlauskas); The second. Phone ics: (1) ocalism, (2) c ossing (8 a. l. […] gi denis), (3) consonan ism (3 a. l. […] Zinke ičius); This is III. Mo phology: 1) noun (5 a.l.), 2 a.l., i s name (2 a.l.), 3 a.l., i s name (1 a.l.) […] Minus, 4) adjec i e (2 a.l.), 5) pa s o he non-na i e language (1 a.l.) […] Zinke ičius; 6) ac ion wo d (5 a. l.) […] is a slang wo d. he wo k should be o a manage ial na u e, he pa ag aph sys em, he li e a u e is indica ed in he ex , he deadline o comple ion […] 1970 Kazlauski and Zinke ić's doc o al disse a ions conside a ion and de ense clea ly p e en ed w i ing he depa men 's planned wo k. Then he agic dea h o Kazlausko comple ely uined he plan. I 's bes o w i e e e y hing down o you sel : wha you' e planning, i you' e ali e and well, ha 's he end. Zinke ičius did e e y hing alone: he p o ided he s uden s wi h ex books on dialec ology and his o ical g amma , w o e a la ge wo k on he his o y o he Li huanian language, hen inspec ed i , and Ramu ė Plioply ė ansla ed i in o English and eleased i o he wo ld. When I ead Zinke ich's his o y o he Li huanian language, all so s o hough s came o my mind, especially when I app oached he w i en pe iod. Palionis has de ended his habili a ed doc o al disse a ion, augh he en i e his o y o Li huanian w i en language a Vilnius Uni e si y o many yea s, published wo e sions o he manual o his discipline, wi h an in oduc ion o he i s p in ed Li huanian g amma o he ins i u e's publica ion Fi s Li huanian G amma (1957). Palionio expec ed a de ailed analysis and e alua ion o Zinke ičius' wo k, bu somehow i was no ecei ed. You can' hink o his o y as a desc ip ion o he p esen . Anyone who's li ed h ough hese imes knows wha hey we e like. The e was no need o poli ics: w i ing abou Go bache 's e o ms, B azauskas and Be iazo 's ac i i ies. abou Li huanian language esea che s had o be le o w i e sabaliauskai. I'm su e you'll ind some hings he e ha you wouldn' no mally unde s and. Fo example, Albe Rosinas has been a p o esso a he Depa men o Bal ic Philology a Vilnius Uni e si y since 1989, and he head o his depa men om 1991 o 1996. In he olume Vi o he his o y o he Li huanian language by Zinke ičius, published in 1994, he s ill wo ks in o he ins i u ions (p. 268). Wha he hell happened he e? 189: Many o he names o he speake s o he cul u e o he language ha e been w i en down. and a e y inco ec conclusion was d awn: [...] he o al lack o ca e o he au ho i ies o he ansla ion o he Li huanian language is no hing. I hu s my hea o ead hese a ei imi, susi aikymas su jos išnykimu „komunizmo epochoje“ isas as pas angas lines. Tha 's no ue! The his o y o he Li huanian w i en language is qui e di e en : a e he wa , a new gene a ion o alen ed w i e s g ew up, compulso y seconda y educa ion was in oduced, quali ied s ylis s wo ked in newspape s, magazines, books, adio, ele ision, hea e s ook ca e o he language, he cul u e o syklingumu. odėl bend inė kalba šiuo me u pasiekė aukščiausią obulumo laipsnį. kažin, kaip daba Zinke ičius mano? a jau nep iklausomos Lie u os aldžia labai 318 aLdona PauLauskienė, sa Ma kaVia ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXIX he language was imp o ed? Is i be e o ha e all so s o unadap ed o eign languages added o he Li huanian language, when he e is no no maliza ion o he language a all? As ea ly as 1994, i was clea wha was happening o he Li huanian language, and Zinke ičius s ill sugges s in he las sen ence on he book olde : "The u u e o he company should be iewed op imis ically". A e closing he book wi h his sen ence, i would be in e es ing o hea Vinco Mykolaičius-Pu in's wo ds: "A pu e op imism sounds like a lie o me". They mus ha e alked abou ha English-language spell wi h Jö undu Hilma sson while playing chess (p. 637), bu hey don' know i i did as much damage o he Icelandic language as i did o he Li huanian. The Icelande s a e a ee people, and we, ha ing eed ou sel es om one o he ca s, pu ou heads in he o he 's lap wi h ou own hands. A he e y beginning o Li huania's ebi h, he w o e: "We did all his and ha , bu p obably no as much as we had and we e able o do... I hu s especially when you hink abou i . Wha good did you do? I'm no su e i i 's be e o a leas mo e in e es ing o anyone o li e he e. S uden s om he e a e less and less likely o choose he pa h o he philologis (ci y o own […] no he place whe e he na i e language and cul u e o he na i e people a e in e es ed, bu in he na cissis ic illage how many now begims a gabias?) (na i e language, 1990, no. 10, p. 1[…]2). People as alen ed as Alex Gi dens a e bo n maybe only once a cen u y. So i wasn' easy o him o choose a special y, because he could excel in all he sciences and all he a s. How he played he iolin! Wha a oice she had! Ha ing chosen language s udies, he s ill did no di e en ia e himsel wi h ly ic, hexame e analysis. Lea ning languages didn' lu e him o s udy a uni e si ies a ound he wo ld, i sen him a ound he wo ld. Ha ing independen ly lea ned he ancien G eek language, he oponuo i Mindaugo s ockio da bui. Ma ema iko i iziko gabumai p a e ė di ban ekspe imen inės one ikos labo a o ijoje, iš inžinie ės Vidos Žilinskienės gi denis was able o s udy i s p ose and made a Li huanian language esea che on his own (p. 291-293). All he publica ions o he bel a e discussed in he Sabba h book, and i is lima kalbė i apie ling is inę gi denio mokyklą: pe isdešim jo ado aujamų Lie u os i La ijos kalbininkų apgynė dise acijas“ (p. 189). kas galė ų pasaky i, also w i en: "Since he ime o he bel has been added o he scien i ic wo k o o he people, how can one y o ain speake s who can ex end wha his own alen s i apie jį daug daugiau, juk ka u gy en a i di b a. Čia galima ik p idu i, kad, kalbėdamasis su a imi, jis niekad než ilgčioda o į laik odį, odydamas, kad skuba, ha e begun? I'd like o w i e ha he's no in e es ed in you language. Th ee olumes o he wo ks o Ge din Kalbo y a e wo hy o sepa a e a en ion. A he end o each olume he e is a Dialogue, whe e you can also ead he eade 's own iew o he con e sa ion. He el he powe o his alen , bu he didn' wan o ge d unk. A he op o he i s olume, we see a bell wi h a balcony, whispe ing as he whispe ed only o his iends in he illage o when isi ing Li huanians li ing in Bela us. algi das sabaliauskas Lie u ių kalbos y inėjimo is o ija. 1980–2010 m. 319 e iews o "I'm no su e abou he balcony." He e used o do i : "I anyone else hinks I'm joking". Tha 's igh , because when you w i e abou o he s, you ine i ably e eal you sel . A eal pa adox: he bes Li huanian language schola o he 20 h cen u y ecei ed only wo collec i e s a e awa ds: one o he headmas e s o seconda y schools and he o he o he au ho s o one-dimensional g amma s. and no a single wo k wo hy o he Li huanian Republic Science P ize has been ound. Zinke ičius w o e abou himsel . In his case, he au ho ises abo e all o he s, and he o he s, no ma e how much hey p aise him, diminish by hemsel es. I would be hal he ouble i he e we en' any mis akes in he w i ing. He bap izes his colleague Vlad Ba use ić, Vincu, a a mee ing whe e Zinke ičius' lec u e is being conside ed, hey go wi h he cable c ew o Julia Zhuko skaya, who, acco ding o he cable c ew, lis ened o he sc eam as i o say: Do he s a s shine in he sky o in he sky? and he ho n answe ed: "You, lady, on you shoulde s" (Zinke ičius 1999: 149). How can a ska dus who's spen his whole li e ca ing abou he cul u e o language answe a pe ec ly easonable ques ion like ha ? And he gossips, making un o hemsel es om Zhuko skaya, showed ha hey hemsel es do no know ha i is possible o say abejayp, depending on how you in e p e ha sky: whe he as a oo o e you head o as a space ull o s a s. Ob iously, i 's ha de o ge he d ums ou han i is o ge he jablons ou . Bu Palionis published wha was mos needed a he ime: Jablonski's g amma . Zinke ičius p esen ed on he adio bo h olumes o Jablonski's W i ings: he i s olume consis ed o a icles on language co ec ions, and he second o ex books (p. 184). Bu in ac , he i s olume o Jablonsky's Rink onian w i ings does no con ain a icles, bu a icles on g amma , syn ax, leisu e and leisu e s udies, wo ks ha Jablonsky himsel did no conside ex books, a e in he second olume. In 1922 he w o e a g amma summa y and only wi h ese a ions o e ed i as a guide o he uppe seconda y school classes, bu his summa y was no included in he Rinkens ein pape s. I 's no ha d o emembe wha 's in he wo olumes o Jablonski's Rink 's w i ings, and i you don' emembe , check i ou , bu he e Zinke ičius doesn' eel any esponsibili y o wha he w i es. And he bes edi o o he publishing house didn' check i because i was w i en by an academic. I' e ound examples o such unbelie able supe iciali y, and I doub some o he claims o science. I asked ha he necklace now be gi en he wo d sa mai k[…]a i[…]ai. The 265 pages o he book ( om 463 o 728) Sabaliauskas assigned o o eign linguis s who ha e s udied he Li huanian language, s udied i , used i s ac s in hei wo ks, de e mines he alue o hei esea ch in Li huanian, Bal ic and Indo-Eu opean s udies. O cou se, he au ho acknowledges ha a he end o he 20 h cen u y and he beginning o he 21s cen u y, his o ical compa a i e linguis ics has al eady achie ed i s goals, and he Li huanian language as he oldes Indo-Eu opean language has become less necessa y because o he new di ec ions o synch onous linguis ics ha now domina e. Howe e , i is s ill impo an o e ymology, language ypology, and o he a eas o linguis ics. 320 aLdona PauLauskienė, sa Ma kaVia ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXIX sabaliauskas y a ap ašęs nemažai kalbininkų iš į ai ių į ai iausių pasaulio šalių (Eu ope, Asia, Ame ica, Aus alia, e c.) ha e lea ned Li huanian and s udied he Li huanian language in one aspec o ano he . in his book as a comp ehensi e ma as i e ingų žinių apie as asmenybes i šalis. ecenzijoje paminėsime ik kai ku iuos iš jų. encyclopedia, i is s a ed ha he i s o eigne s o be desc ibed in Sabalia we e ela i es o he La ian peoples. Nowadays, he e is no linguis in La ia whose apsk i ai bal is ikai galė ų iek duo i, kiek kadaise y a da ęs janis endzelynas. ačiau compa a i e adi ion be ween Li huanian and Bal ic languages has no disappea ed he e. Be o e Wo ld Wa II, when Janis Enzelis wo ked a he Uni e si y o La ia and he e was a depa men o Bal ic philology, many Bal ic s uden s wen o Riga o s udy, and in he middle o he 20 h cen u y he di ec ion o hei pa hs changed, as Vilnius became he cen e o Bal ic s udies. No only La ian speake s ha e al eady s udied a Vilnius Uni e si y. and mo e han one La ian he e has de ended a disse a ion o pa icipa ed in join esea ch on he Bal ic languages, o example in he compila ion o an a las o he Bal ic languages. In his book, Sabaliauskas i s o all in oduces eade s o hose La ians who g ew up as whi es unde he guidance o Vilnius p o esso s Vinko U bu ius, Vy au as Mažiulis, Aleks Gi denis, Zigmas Zinke ičius and Aleksand a Vanago. The i s g adua e s uden o Vilnius Uni e si y was einis b ulis, bo n in he illage o Pipi ų in he s one dis ic (1937994). In 1962 he en e ed he g adua e school o Vilnius Uni e si y and s udied he ela ionship be ween he lexicon o La ian and Li huanian languages. He w o e a icles on his subjec . He also published his Li huanian wo ks in he La ian p ess. Since Sabaliauskas himsel has ansla ed La ian ic ion in o Li huanian, he does no o ge ha b ulis also ansla ed Li huanian ic ion in o La ian. The gi ed linguis s o di e en coun ies also had li e a y abili ies: hey ansla ed and e en s udied beau i ul li e a u e, w o e p ose, and sho s o ies. A he Uni e si y o La ia, in addi ion o o he subjec s, Ba ulis also augh Li huanian. La e , his s uden s wen o s udy in Vilnius. P e is Vanagas was a s uden a Vilnius Uni e si y om 1982 o 1984, a pos g adua e s uden a his uni e si y om 1985 o 1998 and inally de ended his doc o al disse a ion he e. Albe Sa kanis is no only a linguis , bu also a diploma . As a linguis , he was in e es ed in La ian dialec s, con ac s be ween La ian and Li huanian languages. In 1993 she de ended a doc o al hesis on si e uose, ku dės o abi bal ų kalbas, y inėja bal ų kalbų onomas iką, bend ada - expe imen al phone ics a Vilnius Uni e si y. Laimu ė balodė (anelauskai ė) has i s oo s in bo h o ou peoples. She is a g adua e o Vilnius Uni e si y, bu a he same ime s udied o wo yea s a he Uni e si y o La ia. She now wo ks a Riga and he Uni e si y o Helsinki, compiling dic iona ies. Sabaliauskas also desc ibes s udies o La ian, in which i is simply impossible o ansla e wi hou he Li huanian language, o example, Ma os Rud ė's "La ian Language His o ical Phone ics" (1993), Kons an inos Ka uliou's "La ian Language E ymological Dic iona y" (1992), he wo ks o An on B eidakas. In his wonde ul algi das sabaliauskas Lie u ių kalbos y inėjimo is o ija. 1980–2010 m. 321 ecenzijos / e iews encyclopedia we will also ind he s udies o Aino Blinkens, Beni o Laumanis, Daino Ni ai, Oja os Busho, Dace Ma kus, Valen inos Skuji, B igi as Bushmanis, Annos S a eckos, Lidia Leikumas and o he s wi h e e ences o wha is impo an in hei wo k Li huanian his o ians. I 's jus wonde ul how well he Sabellians know he language o hei neighbo s, how abso bed hey a e in e e y hing ha can a ac o he speake s wi h a me hod o an objec o s udy. Fo example, he child en's language s udy " om i e mon hs o i e yea s" by a p o esso a he La ian p ison o S ockholm Uni e si y (1982). Ou p o esso , while aising he child en, was able o do a necessa y and e y in e es ing job o speaking. The a en ion o he Sla s o he Li huanian language om he second hal o he 19 h cen u y con inues o his day. This is also shown by a de ailed analysis o he wo ks o he Russian, Uk ainian, Polish, Czech and Bulga ian speake s (482-568). wi h special espec and ca e is desc ibed he ac i i y o he Russian whi es, because in ac he Masko is Vladimi as Topo o , Oleg T ubache , Viachesla I ano a e e y wide- anging schola s […] linguis s, olklo is s, my hologis s, e hnologis s, li e a y esea che s. The wo ks o wo ou s anding heo e ical linguis ics specialis s, Ta iana Bulygina and Yu i S epano , a e o pa icula signi icance o con empo a y linguis ics and Li huanian s udies. Thei heo ies o g amma and s udies o heo e ical g amma , seman ics and semio ics, compa a i e linguis ics and he philosophy o language a e a aluable he i age o esea che s o a ious languages. Li huanian linguis s can be p oud o hei iendship and suppo , and many o he Li huanian linguis s known oday a e g a e ul o hem o guiding hem a he beginning o hei scien i ic jou ney. wi h g ea espec desc ibe he wo ks o he senio gene a ion (ju ija o kupščiko o) and he younge gene a ion (aleksiejaus and ono o) and he Uk ainian Ana olian nepokupno o S . Pe e sbu g. A special place in he desc ip ion o Sabalia is occupied by Polish linguis s, including he biog aphy o he mos p ominen Bal ic and Indo-Eu opeanis Wojciech Smoczyński, he linguis ic pa h, he publica ion o linguis ic jou nals, lea le s, bibliog aphies and he mos impo an wo k in Li huanian s udies, he E ymological Dic iona y o he Li huanian Language (2007). Leszek, Michał Kond a yuk and o he s ea ned a lo o money as Li huanians. Famous Czechs, Bulga ian whi es. Ve y well p esen ed a e he Ge man speake s, whose homeland had a compa a i e his o ical dialec a he beginning o he 19 h cen u y. The mos ac i e Ge man aine is ecke as. jis sabaliausko ap ašomuoju laiko a piu paskelbė daug li uanis- ikai s a bių s udijų, okiečių spaudoje ecenza o s a biausius li uanis inius da bus, Bal icis o hese imes is he one who, un il his e i emen , headed he Bal ic Cen e a he Uni e si y o G ei swald, which was es ablished on his own ini ia i e. Sabaliauskas, who is well acquain ed wi h he ields o esea ch and pedagogical ac i i ies o his scien is , concludes ha he las wo decades o Ecke ha e been e y success ul in bo h he Bal ic and Sla ic ields (p. he e y aluable con ibu ion o he Ge man Indo-Eu opeanis Wol gang P. Schmido (p. 583-588) o Bal ic s udies. He has 322 aLdona PauLauskienė, sa Ma kaVia ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXIX he idea ha he cen e o hyd onymics in ancien Eu ope (his e m) is in he Bal ic coun ies. He s udied he P ussian and Ku sk languages, edi ed he Hyd onymia Eu opea se ies o publica ions since 1985 and, oge he wi h Be nowski, is he edi o and co-au ho o he h ee- olume book […]Ku sk language: His o ical linguis ics and ins umen al phone ics s udies o he Vienna dialec […] (1989-1999). In pa icula , he Li huanian and Bal ic s udies in gene al ha e ea ned a wide p o ile philologis , P o esso F ied ich Scholz o he Uni e si y o Müns e (p. 591-599). His wo k "Li e a u e o he Bal ic Peoples" on he s udy o Bal ic li e a u e is o g ea signi icance o us. hei eme gence and de elopmen (1990). i is a s udy o Li huanian, La ian and Es onian li e a u e, which highligh s he speci ici ies o li e a y o ma ion and ela ions wi h neighbo ing li e a u es. The mos signi ican o Li huanians is he publica ion in 1981 o he pho ocopies o he ansla ion o he Bible by Jono B e kūno, he la ges Li huanian manusc ip o he 15 h cen u y. He p epa ed he o iginal publishing p ojec , p o ided he unds, and in 1991 he esul s o his wo k began o eme ge. In o al, ou books we e published (1991-2002), edi ed by Jochen die e is ange, scholcas, iedemann kluge. I mus be said ha Sabalia wi h g ea espec o he au ho desc ibes all a leas as much o Scholco's wo k ela ed o Bal ic s udies. A he Uni e si y o Müns e , Scholcas was he head o he Sla ic and Whi e Semina , la e he In e disciplina y Ins i u e o Whi e S udies. The i s Bal ic-language jou nal in he wo ld was published by he I alian linguis Giacomo De o in 1931, and he i s Bal ic-language jou nal in he wo ld was published by he I alian linguis Giacomo De o in 1969. The mos ac i e o he hi y-yea -old's whi es a e conside ed by he Sabellians o be Ma ia Te esa Ademollio Gagliano, G id Michelin and Pie o Umbe o Dini. We, who know he wo ld well, eel he g ea es sympa hy o him. He's no only a g ea scien is , he's a polyglo , bu he's also a e y nice pe son. His magnum opus […]bal language[…] (Le lingue bal iche. i enze, 1997) was published in Li huanian and La ian in 2000 and in Russian in 2002 and has al eady been ansla ed in o English. Among his many o he wo ks s ands ou […]aLiLe oescV : he beginning o he Bal ic language[…] (ALILETOESCVR: linguis ica bal ica delle o igini. Li o no, 2010, 844 p.). And wha a dime he's made in he ield o a and cul u e! He in oduced Eu ope o he Bal ic peoples, hei pas and p esen , how many g ea essays, beau i ul li e a y e iews i is impossible o lis e en he mos impo an esea che s and hei wo ks. a ū os (p ozos i poezijos) e imų. All you ha e o do is encou age you eade s o u n o he Sabalia book, whe e you can ind e e y hing, o almos e e y hing, ela ed o Li huanian and Bal ic s udies. sabaliausko The his o y o he s udy o he Li huanian language […] a wonde ul legacy o he his o y o linguis ics o u u e gene a ions. algi das sabaliauskas Lie u ių kalbos y inėjimo is o ija. 1980–2010 m. 323 ecenzijos / e iews Li e a ū a Pu he wo d nex o he wo d and you will ha e a dic iona y. A s udy o he li e o he poe Juozas Balčikonis, Vilnius Ins i u e o Li huanian Language. he mo he ongue, 1990, no. 10, p. 12. J.A.B.L.O.N.G.A.R. - The i s book in he se ies Vilnius: S a e publishing house o poli ical and scien i ic li e a u e. Kazan zakis (1968): His o ical g amma o he Li huanian language. Vilnius: The Min . In he yea 1940, he La ian Academy o Sciences published he biog aphies o he academicians. Ou language 1975, numbe h ee. Паулаускене Алдона, Степанов Юрий 1985: Универсальные категории в he g amma o he Bal ic languages. […] Whi e language old and new. The wo d "in e iew" was used in a 1982 in e iew wi h Pikčilingis juozas. Vilnius: The science. Ska duś P anas (1936): Wo ks and hei use. […] Bo n on 4 Janua y 1938 in Sa a ewicz: esea ch on he aspec o he ime in Li huanian language. – The Bal ic Sea 3. I 's called Wilno. S ang ch is ian s. 1966: Compa ison o he g amma o he Bal ic languages. The ci y o Oslo […] be gen […] omsö. Степанов Юрий С. 1981: Имена. Предикаты. Предложения. Москва: Наука. U banias Vins (1978): The heo y o wo d p oduc ion Vilnius: The science. Zinkiewicz-Zigma, 1999: The Ba le o he Li huanian B idge. Vilnius: Ins i u e o Science and Encyclopedia Publishing Эндзелин Янис 1905–1906: Латышские предлоги 1–2. Юрьев. Deli e ed on 8 Oc obe 2013 aLdona PauLauskienė Vilniaus uni e si e as Balio S uogos g. 8-1, LT-10220 Vilnius, Li huania, which is loca ed in he dis ic o Balio S uogos, Li huania. 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