Jano Otrębskio „Gramatyka języka litewskiego“ (III – 1956, I – 1958, II – 1965): istorija ir dabartis

200 Acta Linguistica Lithuanica LXXIII JŪRATĖ PAJĖDIENĖ Lietuvių kalbos institutas Research areas: history of Lithuanian written language, syntax and semantics of old and current Lithuanian language. This Decision shall enter into force on the day following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union. GRAMMATIC JZYKA This Regulation shall enter into force on the twentieth day following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union. This Decision shall enter into force on the day following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union. The Commission therefore concludes that the aid is compatible with the internal market within the meaning of Article 107 (3) (c) of the Treaty. The following table is inserted in Annex I: Jan Otrębski’s Gramatyka języka litewskiego (III […] 1956, I […] 1958, II […] 1965): History and today This Regulation shall enter into force on the twentieth day following that of its publication in the Official Journal. The article discusses the spelling and publishing style of Gramatyka języka litewskiego (I, II, III) prepared by Jano Otrębski, the content of the grammar description and the way of presentation. Klasikinė, focusing on data grouping rather than theoretical questions, J. Otrębski's grammar of the Lithuanian language fascinates with the abundance of illustrative material and the ability to manage it. One of the grammatical tasks that J. Otrębski would have planned but failed to perform was the indexing of word forms. Taking advantage of today's technical capabilities, this could be done with a double coefficient of usefulness: an electronic register of grammatically used word forms with their Polish equivalents would allow to have both an OGJL word form index and a dictionary of excellent Lithuanian-Lithuanian languages. The main words are: Janas Otrębskis, grammar, Lithuanian language, morphology, word work. This Regulation shall enter into force on the twentieth day following that of its publication in the Official Journal. The article discusses the process of writing and publishing Grammatica lingua litwiska (I, II, III) by Jan Otrębski, as well as the content of grammatical description and its way of Articles published by Articles 201 Jano Otrębskio Gramatyka języka litewskiego (III – 1956, I – 1958, II – 1965): istorija ir dabartis presentation. The classical grammar of the Lithuanian language focusing on data grouping rather than theoretical issues fascinates by the abundance of illustrative material and the ability to handle it. One of the tasks planned but unaccomplished by Otrębski was the compilation of a word-form index. By taking advantage of modern-day technical capabilities, it could be done with a double-efficiency coefficient: an electronic register of the word forms used in the grammar with their Polish equivalents would enable us to have both a word-form index of Otrębski’s grammar and an excellent Lithuanian-Polish dictionary. KEYWORDS: Jan Otrębski, grammar, Lithuanian language, morphology, derivational morphology. He is a member of the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences. 0. ĮVADINĖS PASTABOS The Lithuanian grammar of the Lithuanian language appeared in the sixteenth and seventh decades of the twentieth century in three volumes of the grammar of the Lithuanian language by the famous Polish linguist Jano Otrębski (1889-1971). Fifty years have passed since the last volume of this grammar was published, and it is time to take a look at J. Otrębski's prepared grammar of the Lithuanian language. Does it relate only to respect for the scientific and cultural heritage, or is it still relevant and can it be? These questions also determine the structure of the article: the characteristics of the OGJL are discussed in the evaluation of the grammatical descriptions taken care of by J. Otrębski, with references in the footnotes to the OGJL author's evaluations of grammatical provisions and to the jam OGJL tomui Nauka o formach – ne tik dėl neabejotino jo originalumo, bet clearer differences and connections with other grammatical descriptions of the Lithuanian language. The article focuses mainly on the third and seeks to update the existing issue of the publication of the translation of this volume into Lithuanian. 1 How much more attention is paid to the OGJL's connection with the grammar of modern Lithuanian (hereinafter referred to as DLKG). 2 The OGJL3 translation prepared by Juozo Balčikonio was never published: the manuscript of the translation was written by […]Prof. The grammar of the Lithuanian language by Jonas Otrembskis, the morphology by Tomas III, and the authorized translation are stored in the Rankraščių section of the Vilnius University Library. F178) and JŪRATĖ PAJĖDIENĖ 202 Acta Linguistica Lithuanica LXXIII (Linguistic Act of Lithuania) is the 1. OGJL LEIDYBOS EIGA This Regulation shall enter into force on the twentieth day following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union. This Regulation shall enter into force on the twentieth day following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union. In 1956, the State Publishing House of Warsaw Science published three volumes of OGJL: Nauka o formach (1956), Wiadomości wstępne. Knowledge about the loudspeakers (1958) and Knowledge about the construction of the wrazów (1965). The author was able to write a fourth […] for the syntax of the Lithuanian language […] tomus3, and in the fifth […] to include the subjects and word forms of all four grammatical volumes. The structure of the Sumany OGJL does not correspond to the order of spelling and printing (III, I, II), so without any introduction, the first OGJL3 appeared, much to the surprise of readers4, with explanations of the shop's aims and the order of the first grammatical notes. mui (žr. OGJL1 XII). After choosing an elementary philologically pronounced reader as the addressee, J. Otrębskis could go around without grammatical classes or categories (except for grammatical classes that show the peculiarity of the Lithuanian language5) and gather at the subject of the lecture […] language categories to give examples of the classification of data classes and features and more varied panoramas. OGJL provides data on the Lithuanian language at least on three levels: theoretical subjects are illustrated not only in the literary Lithuanian language of the time (and it would be difficult to understand the ideas, phonetics, lexical variants and syntax of the mosios, ir šnekamosios), bet ir tarmių bei senosios lietuvių kalbos pavyzdžiais. Plataus iliustracinės medžiagos spektro pasirinkimą J. Otrębskis aiškina tuo, Lithuanian literary language if one did not look at the material provided in the old Lithuanian language and terminology (see VIII, 8). The content of Lithuanian in OGJL is often compared with that of other Indo-European languages6. The illustrated Lithuanian text is crossed out and translated into Polish. 3 For example, references to the intended broader layout of certain issues in a future syntax volume (OGJL3 274) or to the introduction of the objectives of the work (OGJL1 IX, XI, XII). 4 In his review of OGJL3, Pranas Skardžius linked this presentation without references to the aim of "writing a comprehensive grammar guide for the Lithuanian language" (Skardžius 1998a: 702). 5 J. Otrębskis pays more attention to Lithuanian phrases that do not have analogous equivalents in other Indo-European languages. For example, the descriptions of common time (OGJL3 221224) or surname adjectives (ibid., 121). 6 It has been argued that these comparisons are inadequate. Scorpio 1998a: 702 The number of people living in poverty has increased dramatically in recent years. Articles of the Treaty Articles 203 Jano Otrębskio Gramatyka języka litewskiego (III – 1956, I – 1958, II – 1965): istorija ir dabartis 2. the OJL Turing Award The third volume of Forms of Science (Nauka o formach) was published in 1956. The OGJL writing and publishing process began with a volume devoted to the teaching of word forms, in which the creation and or alteration of kalbos dalių) aprašas. OGJL3 aprašomos šios kalbos dalys: daiktavardis, būgrammatical classes (or adverbs, pronouns, adverbs, adverbs, adverbs and adverbs, adverbs and adverbs, adverbs and adverbs, adverbs and adverbs, adverbs and adverbs) are presented. Districts and sub-districts are called Polish or Latin9. DAIktAVARDŽIO skyrius pradedamas trumpomis įvadinėmis pastabomis apie šios kalbos dalies raišką gramatinėmis linksnio, skaičiaus, giminės kategorijomis. Įžanginėje dalyje trumpai pristatomi septyni linksniai10 bei lietuvių ir Differences in the pronunciation of Polish languages (OGJL3 1). According to J. Otrębski, the model of the five pleasures of the object is almost unchanged in the practical grammars of the Lithuanian language of the time, acquired from Daniel Klein's Grammatica Litvanica (1653) (see also 6), so it is related to the historical object of the object of the object of the object of the object of the object of the object of the object of the object of the object of the object. - the - the - the - the - the - the - the - the - the - the - the - the - the - the - the - the - the - the - the - the - the - the - the - the - the - the - the - the - the - the - the - the - the - the - the - the - the - the - the - the - the - the - the - the - the - the - the - (first) e- (second) - the ear; -u- (son) and the proverb (duktė, -ers; stone, -ens)12. For each of the seven paradigms, see OGJL3. Scores of 1998a: 701 to 708, 741 to 745. 8 The morphological term chosen for the name of the volume in J. Balčikonio's translation into Lithuanian. 9 Exception is made only for the sole proprietor, cf. This Regulation shall enter into force on the day following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union. 10 When discussing the historical state of the Lithuanian language, J. Otrębskis does not forget the nykstančių or already extinct iliatyvo, aliatyvo, adesyvo (OGJL3 7681). 11 Panašus yra ir Jānio Endzelīno pateiktas daiktavardžių aprašas pagal -()o-, -iā-; -(i)ē-; -i-; -uir priebalsinį kamienus (plg. Endzelynas [versta iš 1948 m. leidinio] 1957: 104–130). 12 DLKG taip pat teikia vardažodžių linksniavimo aprašą pagal kaitybos kamienus su penkiomis (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (e) (f) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) DLKG 6869. This Regulation shall enter into force on the twentieth day following that of its publication in the Official Journal. In the Lithuanian language encyclopedia, Vytautas Ambrazas proposes an even more simplified description of the characteristics of relaxation according to the change of stones, plg. LKE 328 to 329. Both the DLKG and the LKE propose a model of the joystick of the old brickwork as a reference to the i-stone, cf. DLKG 69 and LKE 329. JŪRATĖ PAJĖDIENĖ 204 Acta Linguistica Lithuanica LXXIII also presents the form of the spell 1314 (that is, for the reader, looking for the full paradigms of the spell 15), discusses the characteristics of the spell and the tendency of the spell to choose short or minor forms (ibid, 12). OGJL3 provides a lot of practical advice, e.g. an indication of the possible difficulties in determining the genus of the noun and in this situation the subtleties of the use of the singular ending (- or -i) or the abbreviation of the noun16. J. Otrębski believes that some of the words of the -i root are the heritage of the old niece's family […] based on the relationship with other Indo-European languages, he attributes to this heritage the nouns eyes and heart (ibid., 37). In presenting the category of Lithuanian nouns, J. Otrębskis distinguishes between grammatical and natural nouns (rodzaj naturalny), e.g. husband, wife17, and in discussing the latter, he points out that in Lithuanian (as in other languages) there are nouns that can be used to name both natural nouns […] these nouns are characterized by the feminine noun and the possibility of naming both […] natural nouns […] subjects18, e.g. 37p. Emphasizing the unique significance of circumcision, J. Otrębskis lays out the foundations of the word circumcision. 13 Regarding the possibility of considering the pragmatic functions conveyed by the shorthand forms not as a fun, but as a separate grammatical category, see Judgment of the Court of Justice of the European Union 14 When J. Otrębski's attention is drawn to the diversity of the forms of the shooter, it should also be noted that sometimes some variant in the paradigm is missing (see vji (OGJL3 17) and vjau (DLKG 71)). 15 A chessboard that coincides with a multi-digit name is not included in the DLKG daiktavardžio linksniuočių paradigm (see DLKG 71, 73). 16 See the note on the feminine feminine feminine feminine feminine feminine feminine feminine feminine feminine feminine feminine feminine feminine feminine feminine feminine feminine feminine feminine feminine feminine feminine feminine feminine feminine feminine feminine feminine feminine feminine feminine feminine feminine feminine feminine feminine 17 See also In J. Otrębski, examples of grammatical (now morphological) and natural gender inconsistencies are given, such as Daukšà, daildė, ttė, ddė or only beautiful words used in the dictionary, old spelling words such as pelūs, people in the combined tomis pelumis, people savás (JLOG3 45). For other opinions on natural family, see. In the case of S.A.R.E.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S18 Apie hibridinius (substantiva communia) daiktavardžius daugiau žr. Judžentis 2012: 34–36. 19 Visapusišką lietuvių kalbos daiktavardžio kirčiavimo sistemos būklės ir raidos aprašą J. Otrębs- .S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S. In the OGJL3 review, Skardijus mentions that J. Otrębski was blamed for the circumcision, but does not say anything about their "specialty", see. Scorpio 1998a: 708 The number of people living in poverty has increased dramatically in recent years. Some of the discrepancies suggested by OGJL3 may be due to different variants of the intermediate crossings, e.g. geiba (OGJL3 23) and LKZ presented geibà; other types of wedding gowns (e.g. make-up (OGJL3 70) and the make-up we now accept more) and so on. Straipsniai / Articles 205 Jano Otrębskio Gramatyka języka litewskiego (III – 1956, I – 1958, II – 1965): istorija ir dabartis the same, 710). According to the local Lithuanian grammars and dictionaries of the time, the author of the OGJL chose the phonetic model proposed by Kazimierz Jaun on the basis of the grouping of vowels according to the place of the vowel and the quality of the intonation (at the same time, 8), and for the convenience of the reader, he will use two or three of the 20 forms, e.g. jra, (jr) -os, hand, (ra) -k, (ra) -ka, (ra) -ka. It is important to emphasise that the use of Lithuanian object words in the OGJL3 is not only discussed in the plot of the literary language of the time (in the following, the nant apie vartoseną šnekamoje kalboje21), bet ir istoriniu aspektu22. Būdvardžio paradigms are presented with both related forms23. In this chapter, J. Otrębski devotes special attention to the adjective d[…]dis, d[…]di: discusses its change, origin, vartoseną in terms and in ancient writings (ibid., 85; 88; 92; 93[…]94; 117[…]1; 119; 120; 142) and gives examples of variations in the paradigm of the pronunciation of […]ddelis, -ė (ibid., 108), the adjectives of the adjective with the postpositive numeral of vartosenos, e.g. I'm not sure that's a good idea. In describing the adjectives of the genus, the terms nijaki and neutrum (ten pat, 124, 127) are used, to which he attributes the word pawoiu, which corresponds to the word pawoiu in the sentence Ręgí kai pawoiu y bû geriůs DP 27211 (as in any DP example, this sentence J. Otrębski is quoted in the grammar with the Polish Jakubo Wujeko postilėsmeniu, plg Widiß iako niebiespiecno iest.: be w roskoßy.) (ten pat, 125). J. Otrębski, referring to the adjective -o-, f. -e, points to a possible adverbial use of adverbial adjectives and presents a different paradigm of the adjective and the adverbial […] capable of performing the functions of a soft word[…]24 (but only the adverbial use of such adverbial words 20 It is interesting that from this point of view, J. Otrębski does not choose the more important multi-count beneficiary and potential beneficiary for the determination of the circumcision, damas, kad abejotinais atvejais lietuviai patys taip tikrinasi daiktavardžio kirčiavimo galimybes (OGJL3 9, 64–65). Apie šiuos linksnius, kaip kriterijų, kuriuo remiantis nustatoma kirčiuotė, žr. although he indicates the importance of these links for the determination of the place of the circumcision, see Laigonaitė 1978: 35[…]36; on the teaching of circumcision for the place of the circumcision of the multi-count beneficiary or the circumcision. This Decision shall enter into force on the day following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union. 21 See the abbreviated form of single-member deputy (valdžiož: valdžiõj, gerklėjè: gerklj) and the abbreviated form of multi-member deputy (valdžioms: valdžiõms, katėms: katms) and other forms (OGJL3 32, 35). 22 Plg. of the J. Otrębski's distinctive emphasis on the word dviskaitai (e.g., two daughters, two sons), which may have been unusual in the Lithuanian language at the time (OGJL3 2, 8185). 23 Plg. J. Endzelīno pateiktą tik vyriškos giminės būdvardžių paradigmą (Endzelynas 1957: 130–136). 24 Plg. the characteristic and characteristic paradigm on the adjacent pages with different choices for the single-use user and the substitute (OGJL3 107, 108). JŪRATĖ PAJĖDIENĖ The Acta Linguistica Lithuaniana (LXXVIII) refers to the word "shawksmin." OGJL author close to the highest degree of absolute virginity (OGJL3 129) considers the so-called imperfect or too large quantity of characteristic adjectives with prepositions ap-, póir prepositions -ókas, f. -óka26, plg.: ap-dykis, f. ap-dykė ‘prawie próżny, niepełny, pó-žalis, pó-žalė ‘trochę za surowy; uncooked, cooked, cooked well; quite decent […]27 and discusses the possibility of making degree forms out of possibly extinct adjectives of non-adjective origin of graded verbs such as older, older, shorter, earlier, earlier, etc. (ibid, 133)28. In the section on surnames, J. Otrębski gives explanations of the origin of the surnames under discussion as draw-two, draw-two or two (ibid., 139). In this chapter, we will not find the word támsta, which J. Otrębski considers to be a noun, capable of referring to both natural and natural relatives (ibid., 5). Interesting examples illustrate the use of nouns, such as the second nimus, daug dėmesio skiria dviskaitai, pamini įdomių tarminių jos formų, tonegative in the context of […] noun […] noun […]niewinny; without braków, nienaganny or in the compound niẽkai mergáitė ‘marna dziewczyna (ibid, 147). This description contains non-defining entries with a loan fraction by associations by kas. by which; byks30 (ibid, 158) and 25 LKG I volume indicates the -ia, -ė masculine adjectives and the masculine, and the feminine giteikia (i) the paradigm of the masculine adjective in two ways: with the adjective (but only for some masculine adjectives, e.g. mednis, apmažis, baltakãklis) and without the adjective (e.g. gerèsnis, gerèsnė, mednė, apỹmažė, baltakãklė) (DLKG 180, 184)). 26 The use of graded forms without comparative compounds, when a particular property is simply more expressively named, is called the absolute graded form of the minės paradigmose, pvz.: auksni, -e; mažùti, -e; apgeri,-e; baltažíedi, -e (LKG I 486, 487); DLKG verb. Judgment of the Court of Justice of the European Union For the absolute grades of the adjective, the synonymic prepositions -okas and apyof the prefixes are used (ibid, 89). See more about them here. DLKG 195, 196, 224 to 226. The Commission considers that the aid is compatible with the internal market within the meaning of Article 107 (3) (c) TFEU. 27 The meanings of such adjectives in the DLKG are also discussed in the chapter on grammatical categories of degrees, e.g. […]There are no grammatical forms of such qualitative adjectives which already in their very meaning describe a certain amount of characteristics[…] (DLKG 173); It is also stated here that the higher-order forms of the prefix after, after, after indicate that the meanings of the verbs of this group are 28 Discussion on this subject see. The Commission considers that the aid is compatible with the internal market within the meaning of Article 107 (3) (c) of the Treaty. 29 The DLKG calls the word dark a personal basic politeness (DLKG 257, 259) and Albert Rosinas […] a subjective evaluation with a artimos gramatinėms laipsnių formų reikšmėms“ (DLKG 225). participatory title (Rosinas 1996: 38 […] 44). The reasons why the value of dark can be perceived as a noun, see the same, 44 p. 30 About these indefinite nouns with samples by popular terms (plg. LKG I 692 […] 693), and has recently reappeared in the common speech. Articles of the 207th Jano Otrębskio Gramatyka języka litewskiego (III – 1956, I – 1958, II – 1965): istorija ir dabartis Some readers of OGJL3 may be surprised by a section of SkAItVARDŽIO containing the words abù, ab; abùdu, abdvi31 are assigned to the quantum numerals32 (also 164), keler, kẽlerios; The question of whether or not a person is entitled to an invalidity allowance is a matter for the Court of Justice of the European Communities. The word count section deals with the combination of so-called nouns, such as penketas, šešetas, and so on, as well as some 34 vartosena (ibid., 174). It is also described here from the numerals to be made into adjectives considered prepositions -opas, -okas, -eriopas, -as, -linkas, -lypas, -ergas and so on. vediniai (not only dvejos, trejópas, vieneriopas, vienókas, but also tūleriópas, -a ‘roznoraki, różnorodny, dvas, dvlinkas, dvilver, pitis, ketgubgis and so on. (also, 175176) or adverbial pronouns dvíes, both, ants, ants, ants, and so on. (see also recitals (177) to (178)). The description of the verb is fascinating in terms of the variation of the material: as everywhere in the grammar, not only the data of the current Lithuanian language is presented mių senosios lietuvių kalbos bei tarmių faktų (plg., pavyzdžiui, góti, gója, gójo ‘szybko iść’ (ten pat, 214)), ypatingą dėmesį skiriant Tverečiaus tarmei (pavyzhere, but also the addendum, the tendency of this language to use truncated verb forms (e.g. from: from) illustrated by the full paradigm of pronouncing the verb: padabėjau, padaujau: pad (see also 217). OGJL3 without reference to the verb vartoseną is provided with the verb grsti ‘grozić, odstraszać, which in common Lithuanian is considered an intransitive, paradigm of naming: grėsiau, grėsei, grėsė, grėsėme, grėsėte (at the same time, delius, plg. malti: mãla, mãlė 216). J. Otrębskis nuodugniai aptaria veiksmažodžių šaknies balsių kaitos moand tarm. The code and the reading: the reading: the reading and the speaking. I'm not sure that's the case. The author of the OGJL interprets the current Lithuanian 31 DLKG as follows: both, both, both, doubts are assigned to positive descriptive nouns (DLKG consists of two elements) 257). 32 Abu, abi priskyrimą skaitvardžiui A. Rosinas laikė nepagrįstu: „šių žodžių semantinė analizė rodo, kad jie turi reikšmę ‚visi‘, t.y. pronominalinę reikšmę, ir vartojami tuo atveju, kai aibę (Rosinas 1995: 47). According to the scholar's observation, in the grammatical descriptions of the Lithuanian language, the rare linguist assigns both to nouns, indicating K. Būgą and P. Skardžių among the few (Rosinas 2001: 101). And indeed, both, both assigned to numerals can be found not only in earlier works (e.g., Jonikas 1939: 63, Endzelynas 1957: 142, Senkus 2006: 245, 248, Senn (1966: 214), but also in contemporary Lithuanian linguistic works, e.g. This Decision shall enter into force on the day following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union. 33 DLKG keleri, kẽlerias time unnamed, and keleri, kẽlios […] questioned and relative names (DLKG 257). Rosin describes the names of several, a few, a few, a few as significant counters (Rosin 1996: 120). 34 DLKG is referred to by some as the indefinite indefinite (DLKG 257); Rosin classifies it as a noun, which indicates the number of distinct elements in a very vague way (M36 (ibid., 222[…]224). OGJL3 extensively describes the diversity and origin of alleged optional forms and the syntactic This is the case in the case of the United Kingdom (Rosinas 1996: 119). JŪRATĖ PAJĖDIENĖ 208 Acta Linguistica Lithuanica LXXIII kalbos būsimojo laiko paradigmą35 (ten pat, 205) bei būtojo dažninio laiko kil- (conditional) link (ibid., 230 […] 234). Reflexive constructions (called inverted divisions) are represented by OGJL3 in the translation of bloodless constructions into Lithuanian and Polish (ibid., 236, 237) and other Indo-European languages (ibid., 239). Note that similar modifications in Lithuanian literature are sometimes not directly used in speech, e.g. stvérti next to tvérti […]chwycić[…] the origin connection with *nu-s(i)-t-s(i) and in the parallels grimace stvértis or J. Otrębskis atidus įvairioms modifikacijoms bendrinėje kalboje ir tarmėse bei susgribti […]schwycić, spostrzec się[…], which is translated kildintinas from *su-s(i)-gribti-s(i): […]chwycić[…] (tenbti, 238)). The author of OGJL emphasizes the use of the supinum only in dialects (ibid., 243[…]244), while BūDINIAMS chooses the Lithuanian term to describe it, clarifies its meaning (indicating that the other noun infinityvus ii is no longer used), highlights the verb form (noting that it is not accompanied by an adult prefix, negative or sangrąža) and the verb functions raiška and veiksminas39 (ibid., 244[…]245). In the chapter on verbs, J. Otrębski discusses participium necessitatis, calling them participants in the non-executable type40 and indicating that some prepositions have a lost participle and a pronounced adjectival meaning (e.g. essential, artificial) (ibid., 273-274). In describing the participants of the non-formal genus […] participle in the form of neutrum […] OGJL the author stops and rightly considers the significance of the participation […]rzekomo, jakoby, niby[…]41, plg. She doesn't know that. She doesn't know that. (see also recitals (27) to (274)). 35 Jon Kazlausko's opinion that J. Otrębskis considers it to be a "mixture of several different Indo-European categories" is cited. Kazlowski (1968): 366 years old 36 Aldona Paulauskienė (see Paulauskienė 2006: 6162, 84) disagrees with J. Otrębski, who derived the frequent tense prefix -dav from the iterative tense of the past tense with the prefix -av and the pronoun pronoun d. 37 This explanation was called unbelievable by Kazlauskas (see Kazlauskas 1968: 399). 38 This is common in the works of language historians, e.g. […]In terms of form, the bloodline surname [...] was two-fold: s(i) and se[…] (Palionis 1967: 140). 39 DLKG buildings are discussed in a fairly similar way (emphasising the functions of verbs and the verb form), only not in the verb section, but in the verb section (DLKG 413[…]414). At the beginning of the section devoted to the description of the participant in DLKG 40, we will find a reference to the fact that the grammars assign the form of action word requirement to non-active participants; although, by its very nature, such a form […]is prejudicial to all parties[…] (DLKG 354 […] 355). 41 About the prefix delight in a sentence the indicator of the transmission of foreign words the virtue of the subject (s) see. Holvoet 2004: 113 […] 114. This is the first time that this has happened. Articles by Article 215 Jano Otrębskio Gramatyka języka litewskiego (III – 1956, I – 1958, II – 1965): istorija ir dabartis disputes64, disputes65, are indicated not only in earlier but also in the latest66 grammatical studies and or reviews of the Lithuanian language. Fifty years after the publication of the last OGJL volume, I would like to have OGJL word forms in rows. Modern technical capabilities allow OGJL to use the Lithuanian language resources better than J. Otrębski himself had imagined. An electronic bilingual (lit. bilingual) or even bilingual (with the opposite of Lithuanian word form search according to the Polish correspondence) index of word forms would allow the efficient use of the OGJL-proposed description67, and at the same time there would be a comprehensive bilingual vocabulary68 that compares various word forms69 and meanings70 and highlights synonymic and antonymic word associations71. In addition to the activation of all the OGJL words, there is another […] OGJL3 publication in Lithuanian […] possibility: an electronic publication could also become the authorized OGJL3 translation into Lithuanian stored in the library of Vilnius University by J. Balčikonio. It is true that the illustrative examples in the Lithuanian version of OGJL3 prepared by J. Balčikonio do not have Polish equivalents. This sometimes encouraged the translator to be creative, but on the other hand […] some (especially rare) Lithuanian words have very little correspondence to describe the meanings of those Polish words. 64 Plg. of the LKG I 487, Mažiulis 1970: 132, 185, Kazlauskas 1968: 127, 176, 198, Paulauskienė 1979: This is the first time that this has happened in the history of the European Union. 141, 159. 65 Plg. of the This Regulation shall enter into force on the twentieth day following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union. 66 of the Regulation. The Commission therefore concludes that the aid is compatible with the internal market within the meaning of Article 107 (3) (c) of the Treaty. 67 An example is the index of Rinkt's writings by P. Skardis, which greatly facilitates the study of this author's works (see Skardis 2013). The project is based on the thesaurus prepared by the Faculty of Linguistics of Vilnius University and the thesaurus of the Latin-Lithuanian language from the 17th to the 21st century (see more at www.thesaurus.flf.v.lt). It also emphasizes this meaning of single with other roots of single: samiuteńki, single, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one. And the plg. The only correspondence indicated in the dictionary of Lithuanian-Polish languages is ‘one (LLKŽ 540). 70 OGJL provides detailed Lithuanian equivalents of examples in Polish, e.g. graudùs, - ‘kruchy, tkliwy, rzewny, gorzki (OGJL3 95); prison, -ià […]prozyny, pusty, bezużyteczny[…] (also from 93); not only the popular ones but also the less common ones (e.g. bérnas ‘młodzieniec; the cavalry; parobek (at the same time, 11), half, -a […]porządny, przyzwoity[…] (at the same time, 102)), nublukusios (e.g. šõkis (not only […]tanec[…], but also […]skok[…] = […]šuolis[…] (at the same time, 19)), the meanings of the words of the nykstan, e.g. eidin[…]ti […]chodzić[…], eidiniñkas […]dobry piechur[…] (at the same time, 272); the dial. The Commission shall be empowered to adopt delegated acts in accordance with Article 26 to supplement this Regulation by laying down detailed rules for the application of this Regulation. Negeróji […]nieszcięście[…], kreivóji […]linia krzywa[…] and the like (see also 111). 71 See, for example, the description of the OGJL expressing the opus […] rambus antonymy: opùs, […] […]wrażliwy, czuły; difficulty to recover; [...] rambus, -, ‘not felt, not sensitive to the bike (OGJL3 97). JŪRATĖ PAJĖDIENĖ 216 Acta Linguistica Lithuanica LXXIII APIBENDRINIMAS OGJL can be considered as not losing scientific value. This grammar shows the need to rely on the whole of the living language and not to forget the common knowledge of the history of the language to those who study the language of the present, and especially to those who codify it. Reading J. Otrębski's "Grammar of Lithuanian Language" always gives the impression that it was written with the aim of sharing knowledge and that it was done with pleasure. Therefore, OGJL can be called a grammar that is interesting and enjoyable to read. As linguistic models of description are constantly changing, the approach to descriptive material has also J. Otrębskio parengto darbo savitumą jo rašymo metu ir aptarti pastebėtus ryšchanged considerably over time, so the article tries to draw attention to the similarities and differences in the modeling and grouping of grammatical descriptions of this and later published material. There are no linear numbers in grammar. The average reader usually looks for material in grammar only on the question that interests him. Therefore, the search for content, and especially factual material, in grammar is facilitated by subject, word forms, and nouns. OGJL is particularly necessary for indicators due to the diversity and scope of illustrative material, and the parallel Polish correspondences accompanying the examples allow us to think of a two-word vocabulary operating in a virtual space, which would at the same time update the life of J. Otrębski's grammatical thought. Such an index with the corresponding facsimile copy of J. Otrębski's grammar page could also solve the problem of access to the OGJL text in bibliographic retention. In addition, the Commission shall: Ambrose Vitus, The Historical Syntax of the Lithuanian Language Vilnius: Lithuanian Language Institute. Arkadiev Peter, Holvoet Axel, Wiemer Björn Introduction Baltic Linguistics: State of the Art. […] Contemporary Approaches to Baltic Linguistics (Trends in Linguistics Studies and Monographs), edited by Peter Arkadiev, Axel Holvoet & Björn Wiemer, was published in 2015. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, 1109. This is the first time I've seen this. academia.edu/5617002/Baltic_linguistics_State_of_the_art http://www.researchgate.net/publication/281175671_Introduction._Baltic_ Access to the Internet: linguistics_state_of_the_art The current Lithuanian language dictionary 2011: sixth (third electronic) edition. Stasys Keinys (formerly editor), Laimutis Bilkis, Jonas Paulauskas, Vytautas Vitkauskas, who is a member of the editorial board of Kompaktinė plokštelė. Vilnius: Institute of Lithuanian Language, 2006; online version at www.dz.lki.lt by Ambrazas of Articles by Articles 217 Jano Otrębskio Gramatyka języka litewskiego (III – 1956, I – 1958, II – 1965): istorija ir dabartis Dini Pietro Umberto: Foundations of the Baltic Languages Vilnius and Vilnius The university. DLKG – Dabartinės lietuvių kalbos gramatika, ketvirtasis pataisytas leidimas, red. Vythe people. Vilnius: Institute for the Publishing of Science and Encyclopedias, 2006 (1994). Janis Endzelynas (1957-1948): Sounds and shapes of the Baltic languages. Vilnius: State publishing house of political and scientific literature. Holbein-Axel 2004: The category of evidence. […] Grammatical studies of categories, ed. This is Axel Holvoet, Loreta Semėnienė. Vilnius: Lithuanian language institute, 105-120, 168-169. The Grammar of the Lithuanian Language (Jablonsky, J. R. J. R. J. , 1997) is the third photographic edition of the Grammar of the Lithuanian Language. Vilnius: Vilnius: Scientific and encyclopedic publishing house. Jonah Petras, the translator of the book of Proverbs. Kaunas: Spindulio company printing house. JUDGENTIS ARTURAS: The grammatical categories of the Lithuanian language. Vilnius: the city of Vilnius universiteto leidykla. Kazlas Jonas (1968): Historical grammar of the Lithuanian language. Vilnius: The Mint. Laitė Adelė (1978) is a Lithuanian linguist. Vilnius: The science. LKE […] Encyclopedia of the Lithuanian Language, second revised and supplemented edition, par. This is Kazys Morkūnas, ed. This is Vytautas Ambrazas. Vilnius: Institute for Science and Encyclopaedic Publishing, 2008. LKG I […] Grammar of the Lithuanian language. Phonetics and morphology, ed. It's called Ulvydas. Vilnius: The Mint, 1965. LLKŽ […] Lithuanian-Polish language dictionary, sud. This Decision shall enter into force on the day following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union. Niedzviecka. Vilnius: Mokslas, 1991. The relationship between the Baltic and other Indo-European languages (Deklinacia) Vilnius: The Mint. OGJL1 […] Otrębski Jan. Grammatical grammar of the Lithuanian language 1: the introduction of knowledge. He learns to whistle. Warsaw: State Publishing House, 1958. OGJL2 […] Otrębski Jan. Grammatical grammar of the Lithuanian language 2: Learning about the construction of buildings. Warsaw: State Publishing House, 1965. OGJL3 […] Otrębski Jan. Grammar of the Lithuanian language 3: Learning and form. Warsaw: State Publishing House, 1956. Palionis Jonas 1967: Lithuanian literary language 16th-17th century Vilnius: Mintis. Paulauskienė Aldona 1979: Grammatical categories of verbs in the Lithuanian language, Vilnius: Science. JŪRATĖ PAJĖDIENĖ 218 of the Lithuanian Language Act LXXIII Paulauskienė Aldona 2006: The first grammar of the Lithuanian language. Vilnius: The word is born. ROSINOS ALBERTA (PPE). - (DE) Mr President, ladies and gentlemen, I should like to begin by congratulating the rapporteur, Mr Rosina, on his excellent report. Vilnius: The University of Vilnius. Rosina Albertas (1996): Names of the common language of Lithuania. Vilnius: Science and encyclopedia publishing house. Rosinas Albertas 2001: Mikalojaus Daukšos tekstų įvardžių semantinė ir morfologinė struktūra. Vilnius: Mokslo ir enciklopedijų leidybos institutas. Sabaluskas Algirdas (1982): The history of the study of the Lithuanian language. Vilnius: Science from 1940 to 1980 Salyut Antan, "Baltish languages, peoples, and clans" (1985) Vilnius: white lances. Sennheiser 2006: The work of Kalbothyr. Vilnius: Lithuanian Language Institute. Senn Alfred 1966: Handbuch der litauischen Sprache 1: Grammatik. It is also known as the Handbook of Lithuanian Language. Heidelberg: Carl, what are you doing? Winter, from the Universitätsverlag. Skardijus Pranas 1996 [1943]: Written writings by Rinktiniai 1. The creation of Lithuanian words. Vilnius: Science and encyclopedia publishing house. Scratch Pranas 1997: Written writings 2. Common language subjects. Vilnius: Institute of Science and Encyclopedia Publishing Scratch Pranas 1998: The writings of Rinkt 3. Language culture of the community. Vilnius: Institute of Science and Encyclopedia Publishing Scratch Pranas 1998: The writings of Rinkt 4. Scientific articles and studies. The Vilnius: Institute of science and encyclopedia publishing. Skardžius Pranas 2013: Rinktiniai raštai 7. Rodyklės ir bibliografija, par. Eglė Žilinskaitė-Šinkūnienė, Mindaugas Šinkūnas. Vilnius: Vilniaus universitetas. Smoczyński Wojciech 2007: Slovak etymological language of the Lithuanian language. Vilnius: The University of Vilnius. Stundžija Bonifacas 1995: The system of the Lithuanian common language. Vilnius: Vilnius University publishing house. Boniface's lecture on the accentuation of the Lithuanian language. Vilnius: the city of Vilnius universiteto leidykla. Zinkiewicz-Zigmas (1980): Historical grammar of the Lithuanian language Vilnius: The science. Zinkiewicz-Zigmas: Historical grammar of the Lithuanian language Vilnius: The science. Articles and articles 219 Jano Otrębskio Gramatyka języka litewskiego (III – 1956, I – 1958, II – 1965): istorija ir dabartis Jan Otrębski’s Gramatyka języka litewskiego (III […] 1956, I […] 1958, II […] 1965): History and Today Summary The article discusses the process of publishing a three-volume Lithuanian grammar by a famous Polish linguist Jan Otrębski (1889-1971), the composition of grammatical description, its peculiarities and evaluations. The type of this grammar enables us to create both an index of word forms used in the grammar and an index of their parallel Polish equivalents. A modern electronic word-form index-dictionary would add to the viability of J. Otrębski's grammatical thought and would be an excellent lexicographical source of Lithuanian-Polish languages and a teaching aid. Such an index with a facsimile segment of a relevant page from J. Ostrzemski's grammar would also contribute to the solution of the problem of accessibility of the text of this grammar. Įteikta 2015 m. gegužės 22 d. JŪRATĖ PAJĖDIENĖ Lietuvių kalbos institutas This Decision shall enter into force on the twentieth day following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union.