Textgrammatik und frühneuhochdeutsche Gebrauchstexte aus tschechischen und slowakischen Archiven (Urbar, Satzung, Kirchenlied): Analyse und Versuch der Didaktisierung

Straipsniai / Articles 29 ALBRECHT GREULE Universität Regensburg Scientific research areas: Text grammar, theolinguistics and spiritual song, onomastics, and historical syntax. TEXTGRAMMATIC and French Texts for use OUT Czech and Dutch This is the case in the case of the Slovak Archives. (Urbar, SATZUNG, KIRCHENLIED) This is the first time I've seen this. And try it Dedication Teksto gramatika ir ankstyvieji naująja vokiečių aukštaičių kalba parašyti tekstai iš Čekijos ir Slovakijos archyvų (kadastrai, potvarkiai, bažnytinės giesmės): analizė ir bandymas pritaikyti didaktiškai The annotation Three early New High German texts that originated in the Czech Republic (Bohemia and Moravia) and Slovakia are analyzed in terms of text grammar. In this way it is to be described as in these texts of the 15th and 16th centuries. The aim of the project is to improve the understanding of the texts of the 20th century, which belong to different text classes, to make the text coherence comprehensible to the recipient and to enable him to grasp the theme of the text. The analysis mainly uses two strategies: the identification of the central text objects by elaboration of co-reference chains and the identification of isotopy levels by extraction of semantic features. From the combination ALBRECHT GREULE 30 Acta Linguistica Lithuanica LXXV of the Central Text Objects and the Isotopy Levels the theme of the texts can be explored. The dissertation also includes hints on how text grammatical analysis can be used in language history lessons. SCÜSSELWÖRTER: History of language, historical grammar of texts, didactics of the arts, linguistics of the ancients, and hymnology. The annotation Three Early New High German texts which originated in the Czech Republic (Bohemia and Moravia) and Slovakia are analyzed from a text-grammatical point of view. In this way there follows a description of how in these texts of the 15th and 16th centuries, which belong to different text classes, text coherence was made understandable for the recipient and how he was enabled to grasp the subject of the text. In the analysis two strategies are used for this central issue: the statement of the central text objects by the clarification of tical analysis can be used in co-reference chains and the statement of isotopy-levels by the extraction of semantic features. From the combination of these central text objects and the isotopy-levels the subject of the texts can be classified. In this paper tips have been incorporated how text-grammalanguage history lessons. KEYWORDS: language history, historical text grammar, subject didactics, cadastral linguistics, and hymnology. 1. Introduction and setting of objectives With the following considerations, we continue a project whose task is to test the significance of a text-grammatical model tested on newspaper texts of the present on texts of language history (see Greule, Kolbeck 2014). With a view to the didactics of German as a foreign language and the role that linguistic texts could play there, we select early New High German texts from Czech and Slovak archives, respectively in Bohemia, Moravia and Slovakia in the 15th and 16th centuries. century have emerged. It is the statute of the council of the city of Kaschau/Košice of 1404, the Urbar of the Principality of Jägerndorf of 1531 and the Kantional (Church Songbook) of the Bohemian Brothers of 1531. From a text-linguistic perspective, all three sources are "large texts", which, however, are divided into "small texts" at different hierarchical levels (Greule 2012: 81[…]86). The following analysis attempts refer to three selected small texts from the aforementioned sources. Previously, the cultural-historical peculiarities of the Straipsniai Articles 31 and 31 Textgrammatik und frühneuhochdeutsche Gebrauchstexte aus tschechischen und slowakischen Archiven (Urbar, Satzung, Kirchenlied): Analyse und Versuch der Didaktisierung source texts are discussed and the question of the didacticisation of historical text grammar is raised. This Regulation shall enter into force on the twentieth day following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union. It deals with the text-grammatical description of the present Early New High German, in the 15th and 16th centuries. Century-old texts to prove the coherence of the text. It is a question of answering the question of by what linguistic means of expression and content the coherence of the text is made comprehensible to the recipient of the text and enables him to grasp the subject of the text and its development. In addition, two main strategies come into play: the identification of the central text objects (ZTG) by elaboration of co-reference chains and the repetitive semantic features, the classemes. It is unmistakable that for the Feststellung von Isotopie-Ebenen durch Extraktion von sich im Textverlauf analysis the aspect of the quantification of repeating elements as well as the operation at the sentence level play the main role. In addition, there is a suspicion that the model needs to be adapted and revised accordingly when applied to text copies of different types of texts, and there is a significant need for action with regard to large texts of linguistic history (Greule 2011: 24 […] 26; Greule, Kolbeck 2014). If we also accept the notion that grammar is the doctrine of combination, which combines from the bottom up increasingly larger sign complexes according to specific rules, then we can define the complex "large texts" as communications consisting of several small texts, between which also textgrammatical relations must be open. 3. Urbar of the First Hunters DORF (1531) The Urbar of the Principality of Jägerndorf/Krnov o. Bruntál from 1531 is in the Landesarchiv Troppau (Zémsky archiv v Opavé) as an original manuscript, along with other Urbans written during the reign of the Margraves of Brandenburg-Ansbach. It was edited in 2010 by Siegfried Hanke and Rainer Vogel (Hanke, Vogel 2010: 18100). Margrave George of ALBRECHT GREULE 32 Acta Linguistica Lithuanica LXXV (Linguistic Acts of the Lithuanians) Brandenburg had the Urbar written in German and closely based on a previous Urbar written in Old Czech from 1523. In the Urbans are recorded the lying estates, equitable and taxes of a spiritual or secular landlord; They are therefore attributed to the "domanial texts". We know quite a bit about the primordial genesis. Originally, it is assumed that the goods and equity were collected on the spot by questioning the interest-bearers and then fixed in writing in the princely chancery in an Urbar. From this it follows for the primitive linguistics that in the primitive written in one of the vernacular languages there is a mixture of spoken and written language, which was not recorded in such a perfect […]orthography[…] as we would expect it today (Greule 2003: 58[…]61). From a functional point of view, registers are regarded as directories with an appeal function: they record goods and rights and the income derived from them, which, on the basis of the written Aufzeichnung als Leistungen der Zinspflichtigen eingefordert werden können. (Greule 2003: 63) Das Urbar des Fürstentums Jägerndorf ist als Großtext untergliedert in die Collection of taxes from ten localities in the Principality; These text complexes are broken down per place into small texts, which record the duties in the respective place under thematic headings. Analysis: partial text or small text […]Mayerhoff[…] (Hanke, Vogel 2010: 18f.) Both in terms of linguistic analysis and the didacticisation of such a text, it is necessary to work out its syntactic structures and its lexical potential (special vocabulary) against the background of the communicative function. The analysis of syntactic structures is manifested in the following list of 24 Minimal Text Units (MTE). Subtitle: Mayerhoff 1: Vnndter(m) castle Lobenstain is ain mayerhoff, wol toer economy located, the same wol built, Vnd has dartzue much acre Vnd guet directed, Vff weliche Ecker auffen winter IX malter Vnd auffen summer equal sovil Inn of time more Vnd less may build ry. 2: To the same castle late much then dared wysn, as well as Vndten Vortzaichent, Schaff VIc Vndviech ain schock, tzenn Zug, Reytpferd much, 3: this one dares to give a native nod. Straipsniai Articles 33 and 33 Textgrammatik und frühneuhochdeutsche Gebrauchstexte aus tschechischen und slowakischen Archiven (Urbar, Satzung, Kirchenlied): Analyse und Versuch der Didaktisierung 4: [item] the gears to this castle be good, 5: In because one may see in the cake manicherley Zuemuße one. [item 6:] A large vnd utility pair of orchards, which can be used with obist vnd grass. For the same garden may be enjoyed by a man with an obist and grass. 9: [item] The dry tree garden is a hindrance to the mayerhoff vndterm planken, 10: which is also enriched with obist vnd grass. [item 11:] The fiery bawmgarten vmb the castle open planks new built, which (man) with obist vnd grass may be enjoyed. 12: [item] The same fierce bawm garden Jerlich may be enjoyed bey the XXf, In which tzait more vnnd less. [item 13:] Go to the castle to be blackened by welding previously purchased, 14: der selbenn den nutz Hie gesetzt, ain Jar Zuem andern gesetzt XXf, Zaiten mehr or less. 15: [item] Inn denn selben welden seint pynbeuten von drayen Holtzern, 16: giebt man ain messel mehd Konnektor: vnd 17: soliche messel helt Inn siech IIII quart med. 18: Dietzs mag man Jerlich genissen ain gulden tzaiten mehr vnnd weniger. [item] Vndterm castle late zway water, in which late drive, ground vnd 19: Herlitzen, 20: the same may be enjoyed Jerlich auff III golden Zue Zaiten more vnd less. […] 21: A good vnd nutzpar bach vndterm schlos, In which late faren, Eschenn vnd other waters viesch zuer nodturfft used, 22: for the same one may enjoy Jerlich VI golden inn of the Tzait more vnd less. [item 23:] Vndter the castle late big wiesn 24: auff the same one may IXc wagen hew make Inn the Zait vnd less. have one or more prefixes, have been Die MTE sind dadurch gewonnen worden, dass nach dem syntaktischen Kriterium 20 einfache und komplexe Verbalsätze, also solche Äußerungen, die separated. Only four expressions (MTE 5, MTE 6, MTE 10, MTE 21) do not contain a main clause predicate and are considered to be so-called sentences. The […] also didactic […] further procedure presupposes an understanding of the text, which should also be served by the division into smallest syntactic units. This depends both on the communicative function (registration ALBRECHT GREULE 34 Acta Linguistica Lithuanica LXXV der Güter und ihren Ertrag für den Landesherrn) als auch vom Verständnis der Lexeme, especially the specialized lexeme such as malter, shock, zuemuße, genissenn, pynbeuten, messel mehd, fahren, grundln, herlitzen, and aschen. They can be easily identified by the glossary attached to the edition by Hanke/Vogel. However, there remain the spellings that make it difficult to understand the text, which not only differ significantly from today's German orthography, but also support the contemporary sentence structure only slightly. That is why a linguistically rewarding exercise can be undertaken here, which consists in adapting the spelling of 1531 to today's orthography as best it can be done. Through this exercise, the communicative value of capital letters and double letters becomes especially recognizable. A first step towards the identification of the isotopy levels that form the semantic background of the text is the classification of the predicates sets, dar, die zuvor am besten durch Unterstreichen herausgehoben werden. Quantifiziert man die sich wiederholenden Prädikate unter semantischem Aspekt, ergeben sich aufgrund der Häufigkeit folgende Isotopien mit den Klassemen ‘Existenz’ (seint, hat) und ‘bekommen/den Nutzen haben’ (mag geniessenn, mag genossen werden, lasset geniessenn, seint…zuer nodturfft gebrauchen, den nutz…gemay give, gives. In addition, the potential modality expressed by the frequent modal verb may […] can […] is remarkable. Furthermore, the existence predicates are called the "existence carriers", but not the use predicates of the beneficiaries, unless by the generalizing pro-noun man. The latter is not surprising, since the beneficiary was the landlord who initiated the Urbar, who does not need to be mentioned again and again (with all the titles). From MTE 12 onwards, the respective benefits will be converted into (money) Amounts given. On the subject of the text in the sense of a summary, which also appears as Überschrift fungierten könnte, gelangen wir durch die Feststellung der ZTG, the result of the sequence of repeated references: mayerhoff (1) […] Hinder the mayerhoff (9) Schloss Lobenstain (1) […] To the same schlos (2) […] To this schlos (13) […] vmb the schlos (4) (11) […] To the schlos […] Vndterm schlos (19) […] vndterm schlos (21) […] Vndter to the castle (23) Very good wines (2) […] great wines (23)! ! […] auff the same (24) the Gerten (4) […] In denn (5) […] A...bawmgarten […] the nidergarten (7) - the same garden tree […] The dryte baumgarten (9) […] the (10) […] The fiery bawmgarten (11) […] The same fierce bawmgarten (12) Weld ([…]Wälder)) (13) […] the selbenn (14) […] Inn itself welden pynbeuten ([…]Hon messigertrag) (15) […] ainel mehnde messel (19 (17) […] zway water (8) […] the same (20) […] Einbach (21 (16) […] the same (20). From the combination of the Dietzs (also known as Davon) (18) Straipsniai Articles 35 and Textgrammatik und frühneuhochdeutsche Gebrauchstexte aus tschechischen und slowakischen Archiven (Urbar, Satzung, Kirchenlied): Analyse und Versuch der Didaktisierung classemes (isotopes) with the ZTG, the text theme can be developed and formulated as follows: "From the meadows, gardens, forests, honeycombs and waters belonging to the Meierhof below Lobenstein Castle, the following (individually specified) benefits are possible". The fact that the subject in this formulation does not appear as a heading (supertext) is due to the fact that the locality of Lobenstein Castle is mentioned in the main heading and Meierhof in the heading. The rest of the subject would be the same in the heading of a text structure, and the function of the text, to name the goods and their benefits, is clear and known from the function of the urban. The late reintroduction of the category "Wiesen" in MTE 23 suggests an addition that can be explained by a mistake on the part of the writer. In its function, the item that can be specified grammatically as a subdivision connector ultimately remains unclear (see also below 4.) Article 4 of the City Council KHAUASC or KOŠICE (1404) Schon die Beschreibung der Handschrift durch Ilpo Tapani Piirainen liefert wichtige Hinweise auf textgrammatische Strukturen, die an der Edition nachvollzogen werden können (Piirainen 1987: 239f.). Die Satzung des Rates der The city of Košice/Kaschau of 1404 (short: Statute) is a homogeneous, existing complex text of small texts ([…]Articles[…]) that serve exclusively the function of legislation ([…]Textsorte […]Satzung[…]) and are clearly demarcated from each other. In addition to the 47 articles, the small texts, the overall text (the manuscript) includes an introduction, which, however, does not exceed the scope of a small text. The text of the manuscript is printed in the edition in a diplomatic, literal form. This probably also applies to the punctuation, so that the punctuation of commas as the only punctuation in the edition only contributes to the content of the text. The same applies to the Versailles. The sentence demarcation important for the text grammatical analysis must be interpreted by the analyzer to the text. ALBRECHT GREULE 36 Acta Linguistica Lithuanica LXXV (Linguistic Acts of the Lithuanians) Analysis of the 21st Articles (Piirainen 1987: 246) Supratext: The eynvndczvenczigste article1 1: [Item] keyn vngebert eytelkeyt proverb vnnüczlich rawmen füstreten In siczenden red sol not seyn, Konnektor: sunder In the red sol, which is the most common form of the word I've sent you to hear what's going on, that you're not a nuisance, that you're not a hindrance. Connector: Item also 3: keyn vngeberd outward of the red midtenander sol seyn before common leyten czu avoid ergerniß, connector: Vnd also 4: Keyn ander sach sol eyengetragen will dye the same czeyt have seen especially uf vf dy sach dy is to act, Konnektor: vnd 5: keynerley other thing to bear yet touch, whom dy men acts to the senses of the standing Although MTE 5 is an infinitive construction coordinated with the infinitive construction in MTE 4 (especially if you have seen...) I have it as an independent, but elliptical sentence, in which […]sol men[…] is to be added, abgetrennt. Co-reference by a) identical repetition of Nomina: - Dy sach (2) - keyn ander sach, dy sach (4) - keynerley ander sach (5) - keyn vngebert (1) […] keyn vngeberd (3) - in siczenden red (1) […] out of the red (3) b) identical repetition of verbs: - acting (2) acting (4) - acting (5) Similarly, when the council sits, there should be no indecent behaviour, no idleness, no "proverb", no useless whispering, no footsteps. Rather, everyone should be prepared to hear what is to be negotiated so that the matter is neither disturbed nor hindered. Similarly, there should be no improper behaviour outside the Council in order to avoid annoyance to the general public. And no other matter should be brought up at the same time, but one should concentrate on the matter that is being negotiated. And do not bring in or touch anything other than what you are dealing with. Straipsniai Articles 37 and 37 Textgrammatik und frühneuhochdeutsche Gebrauchstexte aus tschechischen und slowakischen Archiven (Urbar, Satzung, Kirchenlied): Analyse und Versuch der Didaktisierung - carrying (4) […] carrying (5) Correspondence by contiguity (Tätigkeiten des Rats): siczenden rot (1) to act, dy sach (2) to carry sach, to act (4) to carry sach, to act (5) Structural recurrence or syntactic parallelism: negated modal predicate: sol not seyn (1) (keyn...) sol seyn (3) (keyn sol are carried eyed (4)...) (sol) eyn bear or touch (5, elliptical). Comparable are the state passive in the conjunctive sey sent zw horen and the passive sentence form have no disturbance (2), which could be understood as expressive variants (instead of sol seyn sent, sol have no disturbance). Isotopy with the class "undue behaviour": vngebert eytelkeyt proverb vnnüczlich rawmen füstreten (1) […] disturbance...not hinderniß (2) […] vngeberd, ergerniß (3) - other sach... eyntragen (4) - other sach eyntragen still touch (5) All five MTE are connected to each other by adversative and coordinating connectors. This finding may be due to the type of text, which requires a clear structure. Let's try from this text grammatical information, the topic of the 21. If you want to construct an article, you first notice a negated modal predicate in four MTE's, which is almost stereotypically formulated as in the Ten Commandments (e.g. "You shall not steal"). Only in MTE2 is the VerAgens) called; ‘Every outer in MTE 2 is too vague. There is a gap here, which is either anaphoric or cataphoric from the 20th or the 22nd. Article […] in the hope that an […]address[…] can be found there […] can be closed and thus becomes a problem of the grammar of the large text. The subject of bot im Konjunktiv (sey, habe) etwas abgeschwächt ausgedrückt. Die Modalität, die Einstellung des Sprechenden/Schreibenden gegenüber dem Lesenden/Hörenden, bleibt die gleiche. Dabei fällt auf, dass kein Adressat (syntaktisch: kein the 21st. Articles can be formulated from the interaction of the text-grammatical relationships as follows: […]An unnamed author X orders unnamed addressees Y to avoid disturbances of the Council meeting[…]. The place and time where this is to take place are not given. Since the content of MTE 3 does not relate to the behaviour in, but outside, the Council meeting, it can be understood as a sub-theme, which the author of the Statute introduces in a striking way with Item, a coordinating connector at the beginning of the small texts. The variables X and Y in the theme formulation are intended to reflect the independence of the ALBRECHT GREULE 44 Acta Linguistica Lithuanica LXXV (Linguistic Acts of the Lithuanians) Teksto gramatika ir ankstyvieji naująja vokiečių aukštaičių kalba parašyti tekstai iš Čekijos ir Slovakijos archyvų (kadastrai, potvarkiai, bažnytinės giesmės): analizė ir bandymas pritaikyti didaktiškai The SANTRAUKA Straipsnyje gramatiniu aspektu analizuojami trys ankstyvosios naujosios vokiečių aukštaičių kalbos tekstai iš Čekijos Respublikos (Bohemia and Moravia) and Slovakia. This is the first time in the history of the Czech Republic that the language has been analyzed in this way. Aptariama, kokiais būdais šiuose XV a. and XVI a. textuose, priskiriamuose skirtingoms texts to classes, addressed perteikiama texts coherence ir jo theme. This is the first time that the text has been translated into English. This is the main question of analyzing the two-step strategy: the main text objects at the recognition determining the correlation of the grandines with the isotopic levels of the distinctive semantics of the požymius. The possible classification according to the combination of these main texts of objects and isotopic levels. We are presenting recommendations, how to analyze the grammar of the text, how to adapt it to the history of the language. It was published on 15 December 2014. ALBRECHT GREULE Universität Regensburg The Institute of German Studies, D-93040 Regensburg. This is Albrecht.