Medicinos terminai grožiniame tekste

Straipsniai / Articles 67 PALMIRA ZEMLEVIČIŪTĖ Institute of Lithuanian Language ORCID id: orcid.org/0000-0002-8679-3253 Directions of academic research: Lithuanian terminology, history of Lithuanian medical terminology. This Regulation shall enter into force on the day following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union. Medical terms In danger of text Medical terms in a fictional text This Regulation shall enter into force on the twentieth day following that of its publication in the Official Journal. The article discusses medical terms in a selected beautiful text (Noah Gordon's novel The Guide, Avicenna's student, 2020) and their signs and purposes. Medical terms are widely used, usually describing various treatment-related situations. The two most distinct groups of terms - real (literary) medical terms and fake medical terms, or pseudotermins, and the functions performed by medical terms, the meaning of their contextual partners (nouns, verbs, verbs) in the realization of the stylistic function - are described. While discussing the functioning of medical terms in the text, the article also provides other researchers' insights into the peculiarities of the use of terms in the spoken text and suggests the classification of terms in the text. ESMINIAI WORDS: medical term, aesthetic style, aesthetic text, context, contextual partners, function, and determination of the meaning of the word. This Regulation shall enter into force on the twentieth day following that of its publication in the Official Journal. The article addresses medical terms in a selected fictional text (Noah Gordon's novel The Physician, 2020), their features and functions. The text abounds in medical terms. They are usually used to describe various medical treatment related situations. The article focuses on two most prominent groups of terms: proper (scientific) medical terms and improper medical terms or pseudo-terms. It also describes the functions played by medical terms, the meaning of their contextual partners (adjectives, participles, verbs) in performing the stylistic function, and addresses the topic of determinology. PALMIRA ZEMLEVIČIŪTĖ 68 Acta Linguistica Lithuanica LXXXIV This Regulation shall enter into force on the twentieth day following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union. In discussing the functioning of medical terms in the fictional text, the article also presents the insights of other scholars regarding the peculiarities of the use of terms in a given text and the proposed classifications of terms in the text. KEYWORDS: medical term, fiction style, fictional text, context, contextual partners, function, and determinology. The Commission shall be empowered to adopt delegated acts in accordance with Article 26 to supplement this Regulation by laying down detailed rules for the application of this Regulation. Characteristics of the functioning of terms in a beautiful text. Prigimtinė natūrali termino funkcionavimo vieta yra mokslinis tekstas, kuriame terminas atlieka savo funkciją – trumpai, tiksliai, vienareikšmiškai įvardyti mokslinę sąvoką, kitaip tariant – sutraukti tam tikrą informacijos kiekį, ir kuriame termiand nas can be decoded precisely and unambiguously (žr. Lobanov in the year 2008: 77; Самохина 2011: 210; Тамбиева, Текеева 2019: 236). Functional styles do not constitute closed systems, they are variations of language that interact with each other (Župerka 1983: 115). As a result, the term "scientific" is often used to refer to a specific field of study, and the term "scientific" is often used to refer to a specific field of study (Samochyn, 2011: 169; Ponamarenko, Uvarova, 2016: 95; Sineleva, 2016: 193). One of these is the field of artistic literature […] artistic style consumption (Pikčilingis 1971: 286; Župerka 1983: 113). This style, in the words of Juozo Pikčiling, is a wide river, suggesting various streams and brooks and their feeding. Various other styles and elements are often used here. The search field for the writers expression tools is in full language. It requires both stylistically neutral and stylistically marked, both booklets, subject matter, and the resources of the spoken language. However, the elements of other styles introduced into fiction are updated (Pikčilingis 1971: 302; Župerka 1983: 115, 116). The use of the term "formal" in this context is not limited to the use of the word "formal" in a sentence, but also to the use of the term "formal" in a sentence, as in the case of the use of the term "formal" in the case of the use of the term "formal" in the case of the use of the term "formal" in the case of the use of the term "formal" in the case of the use of the term "formal". The term "science" is not used in the text, and this topic is extensively studied by Russian authors (see the literature list). Lithuanian authors have written little about the functioning of terms in their non-typical environment. Only a few studies were mentioned. Kazimier Župerka has studied the use of linguistic terms in publications (Župerka 2000: 75[…]182), and Asta Mitkevičienė has written about the use of terms in various fields in online media (Mitkevičienė 2020: 108[…]127). Articles of the 69th Medicinos terminai grožiniame tekste In this sense, they not only name specific objects and phenomena of objective reality, but also acquire an emotional shade, give the text a certain color (Glazkov), thus the scientific accuracy of the terms weakens, because the text of the speaking style goes beyond the boundaries of the terminological field (Superanskaya, Podolskaya, Vasilyeva, 1989: 135). In an atypical context, terms struktūrą, t. y. patiria įvairaus pobūdžio transformacijų, dėl to gali įgauti kitą change their semantic meaning or additional connotations, even becoming (Прокопова 2013: 169; Понамаренко, Уварова 2016: 95, 96). Nors grožiniame tekste terminai vartojami tokie patys kaip ir moksliniame, components of phrases, but, as already mentioned, the functions of the same terms in different styles of texts are different. A beautiful work, despite the use of terms, is primarily related to the realm of emotions and feelings. In such a likti visiškai jiems nebūdingas funkcijas (Шамсеева 2018: 116). Taigi terminas work, terms can be reflected in the text, in addition to their inherent, nominative functions, they also perform cognitive, informational, characterizing, emotional-expressive, aesthetic, evaluative, visual functions, and in scientific discourse they perform only nominative functions (cf. The Commission shall be empowered to adopt delegated acts in accordance with Article 26 to supplement this Regulation by laying down detailed rules for the application of this Regulation. Лобанов 2008: 77, 82; Самохина 2011: 207; Смирнова 2012: 158; Ланьлань 2013: 179–180; Мухамеджанова 2015: 168; Немыка, Пешков 2015: 251–252; Ремпель 2015: 34; Эфендиева, Дзасежева, Хутова 2015: 222–223; Бобырева 2016: 123; Воскресенская 2016: 353–354, 365; Понамаренко, Уварова 2016: 96; Воскресенская 2017: 261; Рахимова 2017: 66–68; Сергеева 2018: 292; Шамсеева 2018: 147; Якунина 2018: 577–579; Маджаева 2020: 37; Синелева 2020: 194 […] 198 and the like. In addition, the terms in the text can be used only in their literal, terminological, meaning, to name the same concepts as in the special text and not to have any additional shades (see Popova, Gamov 2019: 97). However, despite this, any word, when placed in an unusual context, changes its meaning somewhat. The term "nature" in the beautiful text is a double meaning. The term "spiritual" is used in both the author's and the character's language (see Nemica, Peshkov, 2015: 250) in its direct, special, meaning, as in the scientific text, i.e. it conveys information, but, unlike the aforementioned, in the beautiful text they have various epithets, which are not possible in the special text, which give an emotional, evaluative meaning. The term is used to describe a particular state of mind, or state of mind, in which a person or thing is perceived, perceived, perceived, perceived, perceived, perceived, perceived, perceived, perceived, perceived, perceived, perceived, perceived, perceived, perceived, perceived, perceived, perceived, perceived, perceived, perceived. This is considered to be the essential function of the term. 3 Also called the menine-vaizdine function (Nemyka, Peshkov 2015: 252). PALMIRA ZEMLEVIČIŪTĖ 70 Acta Linguistica Lithuanica LXXXIV This Regulation shall enter into force on the twentieth day following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union. In the United States, for example, the number of people living in poverty has doubled in the past decade. Terms in a beautiful text lose the characteristics of a special lexicon and acquire the characteristics of a general lexicon word (žr. This is a very important point, and I would like to make it clear to the House. Тамбиева, Текеева 2019: 238). The term is inherently non-emotional, i.e., it is stylistically neutral, but in the beautiful text the term loses its stylistic neutrality. It becomes a prism of pictorial ir įgyja emocinį-ekspresinį atspalvį (Самохина 2011: 206; Бобырева 2016: 123; thinking, which is the basis of the aesthetic style (Lаньлань 2013: 179180; Синелева 2020: 198). The addressees of the academic and the artistic text are different. It is believed that the horror, voks is simplified (Samokhina 2011: 170, 171). The reader may priešingai nei mokslinio, teksto skaitytojas tą patį terminą neišvengiamai sunot be familiar with the term in the graphic text, so deciphering it helps to obtain new information. In this case, the term performs a cognitive function (žr. Lobanov and 2008: 77; Самохина 2011: 207; Смирнова 2012: 158; Немыка, Пешков 2015: 251; Бобырева 2016: 123; Воскресенская 2016: 355; Рахимова 2017: 66, 68; Шамсеева 2018: 117). When a term enters a thematic text, it not only changes itself, but often changes the text as well (Alexandrovna, Halifovna, Ruslanovna 2015: 218). What is the purpose of using terms in a beautiful text? It is claimed that the terms are used to create a scientific background (Židkova 2007: 88; Matvejeva 2012: 150; Šamsejeva 2018: 117). According to Anastasia Sineleva, this is the main function of the term in the beautiful text (Sineleva 2020: 194). Writers use terms in their works consciously - often in order to describe as accurately as possible the characteristics of certain things, actions or phenomena they are talking about, or the profession, the field of activity of the characters (there are many special vocabularies in the language of such characters). By the end of the 20th century, it was believed that the emotional-expressive connotation of the language and terminology of science had disappeared altogether. However, it was later suggested that the language of science was not entirely stylistically neutral, that it had its own emotional-expressive connotations. The connotation of speech is necessary for the impact of the language of science. A scientist cannot only state facts, but must also evaluate them. The term is often used to refer to a specific plant or animal, or to a specific characteristic of a plant or animal (e.g., a butterfly (Dryopteris cristata), a butterfly (Orchis militaris), a butterfly (Dianthus superbus), or a butterfly (Eriophorus gracile). Such terms are figurative, and their figurative meaning is specifically created in the language of science. In other cases, the imagery is transferred to the language of science from the language of the people (by terminologizing the pronunciation of names), e.g. perkūnropė (Sempervivum), kiškio ašarėlės (Briza media). In this way, some terms acquire an emotional-expressive connotation along with the terminology, while others do not lose it due to the terminology, because only their lexical meaning changes, acquiring the terminology of it, the writer uses the term and so that the reader can better understand and imagine the events, circumstances and time, evaluate and feel the events about which he writes. This is a great opportunity for a writer to demonstrate his erudition, his (Gaivenis 2002: 44 […] 46) It is also important to note that the Commission's proposal for a directive on the protection of workers from the risks related to exposure to carcinogens at work is based on the principle of proportionality. Articles by Articles 71 Medicinos terminai grožiniame tekste knowledge of the field, to show how deeply he knows what he is writing about (Samokhin's appearance in the text of a horror work is usually predicted, because the very theme of the work and the plot are somehow related to the scientific, technical field of human activity (Samokhin, 2011: 171; Bobiryeva, 2016: 123; Termini helps to reveal the idea of the work) They are a tool for solving artistic 2011: 173; Тамбиева, Текеева 2019: 238). Apskritai daugeliu atvejų terminų author's problems (Bobyreva 2016: 123). The terms complement the arsenal of visual language tools of the work of art (Muhamejanova, 2014; Nemyka, Peshkov, 2015). As visual and expressive elements of the language of a work of art, they help to create the language and portrait characteristics of the Якунина 2018: 579). Terminų vartojimas grožinėje literatūroje yra stilistiškai pateisinamas, nes characters and their environment, the comic effect, give the narrative expressiveness and originality (Židkova 2007: 88; Мухамеджанова 2015: 175; Немыка 2015: 180–181; Немыка, Пешков 2015: 251). The term also enhances the cognitive significance of the work, as it allows the writer to accurately recreate the professional lives of the characters through the word, characterizes them as professionals in their field (Nemykov, Peskov, 2015), and gives realism to the events described (Voskresenskaya, 2015). When talking about the functioning of the term in the beautiful text, the phenomenon of determinology should not be overlooked. Is a term still a term when it enters the common law? Does it not lose its most important features when it is used in common parlance? According to Valerija Danilenko, this is far from an unquestionable question (Danilenko 1977: 56). Determinologization is related to qualitative term changes. It is a gradual, slow, long process, in which the term goes beyond the boundaries of the terminological system, loses its connection with the concept (it becomes simpler, it becomes understandable to non-specialists), the singularity, the accuracy, loses its special meaning and acquires new features (Superanskaya, Podolskaya, Vasilyeva, 1989: 133, 5), the Gaivnis, the Gaivnis, the Gaivnis, the Gaivnis, the Gaivnis, the Gaivnis, the Gaivnis, the Gaivnis, the Gaivnis, the Gaivnis, the 135–136; Собянина 2011: 22). Gaivnis. For more information on determinology, see Tatarinov 2006: 47; Средюк 2013: 150[…]155; Salamakha 2017: 70[…]71; Mincu 2018: 32[…]33; Humbert-Droz, Piction, Candamines 2019: 2[…]5; Konstantinova 2019: 83[…]88). This is the first time that the film has been shown in theaters. The author of this article uses the term determinology in her work. PALMIRA ZEMLEVIČIŪTĖ 72 Acta Linguistica Lithuanica LXXXIV Determinologization can take place in two stages. In the first stage, the term is introduced into the common language in the form of a word with a terminological meaning. In the second stage, which is already common in speech, there is a transfer of the meaning of the word and the emergence of a simple word (often a metaphor). A term that has gone beyond its functional scope does not necessarily go through both stages. The first stage, when the term crosses the mentioned area without changing its meaning, can be the only (Синелева 2020: 198). Valentina Sobianina distinguishes two main directions of determinology. In the first case, the term is called special denotation, but the sphere of use of this term is expanding, it is found in non-specialist language, used in proverbial language, journalism, fiction, etc., so there is a simplification of the semantic structure of the term (partial determinology). In the latter case, the special denotation is replaced by the non-special, and a new, transposed, meaning of associations and analogies is created (Bychkova 2011: 45; Sobyanina 2011: 24). Determinism is based on the metaphorical transformation of a term, but the latter does not always indicate that the term itself acquires a metaphorical meaning, which in turn leads to determinism, because the term in the aforementioned sense can be used at random (authorial determinism) (Bychkov 2011: 461). Classification of terms in the beauty text. Four terms could be distinguished in the classification in the beautiful text. In the first classification, terms are divided into two groups according to the meaning in which they are used in the text, i.e. terms of direct meaning and terms of perverted meaning. In the second classification, three groups of terms are distinguished, i.e. terms are classified according to the extent of their use: widely used terms, special terms and highly specialised terms (Jidkov 2007: 84; Jidkov 2008: 4). The third and fourth classifications are very similar. Here, terms are classified according to whether they can be understood by the reader or not and whether the author explains the terms or not. Thus, four groups of terms can be distinguished in the third: 1. Do not use terms whose meaning is understandable to the reader. 2. Terms whose meaning is unclear to the reader and unexplained to the author. 3. Terminai, kurie skaitytojui nesuprantami ir kuriuos autorius paaiškina. 4. Terms that are clear to the reader, but the author explains their meaning (Эфендиева, Джасежева, Хутова 2015: 220–222). The fourth classification also distinguishes four groups of terms: 1. Clear unexplained terms […] terms that the reader does not understand and the author does not explain. 6 Olga Byčkova refers to partial determinology as despecialization (Bychkova 2011: 460). The determinism of a term is only possible after its despecialization, i.e. the transition to other styles (Bychkov, 2011: 459). Straipsniai / Articles 73 Medicinos terminai grožiniame tekste 2. Neskaidrūs nepaaiškinti terminai – terminai, kurie skaitytojui nesupranIt's not clear to me or the author. 3. Unclear terms explained […] terms that the reader does not understand and the author explains. 4. Terms explained clearly […] terms that the reader understands but the author explains (Samokhina 2011: 174). It should be noted that the article does not classify medical terms, but uses these classifications to explain the features of the functioning of medical terms in the beautiful text. The subject of the article […] medical terms used in the beauty text. The chosen source is the novel The Guide by Noah Gordon. The apprentice of Avicenna. This is a translation from English into Lithuanian by the American writer Leona Judelevičius, published by […]Alma littera[…] in 2020. The book takes the reader back to the eleventh century. It's the story of a young boy, Robert Cole, who finds a calling to heal people at an early age, sets himself the goal of becoming a doctor, and perseveres to achieve it. Out of the medieval darkness and the prehistoric world of England, R. Koulas takes a stroll with the barbed-wire surgeon who's attached to him and leaves for the beginning of treatment. After hearing about the miracle-working Persian physician Ibn Sina (Avicenna), he embarks on a long journey to a land where Muslims are experiencing a golden age of science and culture. The novel not only tells the story and adventures of the main character's becoming a doctor, depicting countries and places, poor housing and the luxury of rulers, but also presents a lot of medical history and knowledge practice, which is cleverly woven into the novel's plot (Riaubaitė 2016). The aim of the article is to clarify the peculiarities of the functioning of medical terms in their non-typical environment in the graphic text. To achieve this goal, the following tasks are proposed: to select sentences in which medical terms are used, paying attention to which Roman microcontexts medical terms occur and what their lexical coverage is, to establish thematic groups of medical terms and which medical terms have entered the thesis text. The article uses descriptive analytical, contextual interpretative analysis and calculation methods. Roman proverbs illustrating claims are abundantly presented. The term "medical functioning environment" is a scientific text jas sudarančių terminų vartojimo dažnumą, išsiaiškinti, kokias funkcijas atliecharacterized by stylistic features such as logicality, subject accuracy, and definition. objektyvumas, glaustumas, aiškumas (žr. Pikčilingis 1971: 314–323; Župerka 1983: 102–103). PALMIRA ZEMLEVIČIŪTĖ 74 Acta Linguistica Lithuanica LXXXIV This Regulation shall enter into force on the twentieth day following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union. (mostly) written in a new line, the Roman page is indicated at the end of the sentence in the racing brackets. Terms in sentences are distinguished by italics (if necessary) pabraukiami) straipsnio autorės. The medical term is NOAH GORDONO This is Roman Gydytojas. The AVICENOS Payments The Roman alphabet was used to compile 1556 sentences containing medical terms, i.e. they were considered in a broader context. It should be noted that the latter is not necessary to define and understand the meaning of the terms in the scientific text, as the term is used here in such a way that no unnecessary associations are raised and no distinctions are made, but the beauty plays an important role in the context of the text. In the context, the most varied shades of meaning and additional connotations of words (as well as terms) emerge. Pikčilingis 1971: 315; Župerka is located in the district of Pikčilingis. 1983: 103). The need for terms in a beautiful text is determined by the subject matter of the work. For example, Liubovė Voskresenskaja, analyzing the definitions of terms that go along with the titles of works of art and determining the role of these terms in revealing the theme of the works, argues that the title of the work can be considered loose in its context. (Воскресенская 2012: 141). The name of the chosen novel itself is The Guide. A student from Avicenna is signaling about the subject. This is medicine. This oji implies the necessity of medical terms. Without them, it would be impossible to imagine how to write about medicine without the terms of the field. The term "medicine novel" is most often used to describe various medical situations, i.e. mainly the author's (or narrator's), although, of course, there is at least some of them in the direct speech of the actors. A few main micro-contexts in which medical terms are used could be distinguished. The first is that it is impossible to get by without them by telling about the daily work of the people who treat (in the novel it is barbed wire surgeons, doctors, medical students), i.e. visiting the patients and assessing their Barzdaskutys palietė suodinus riešus ir pirštus, striuku pirštu bakstelėjo į ištinuphysical condition, e.g. the elbow (88); Looking at the left-handed smiley face, already badly damaged by gangrene, Rob just didn't sit down (139); […]...looked at the shepherd, his skin was wrinkled, his muscles stiff and stiff (402); He vomited and vomited, and his vomit was cold and his vomit was hot. Articles of the 75th Medicinos terminai grožiniame tekste It was so hot and crowded in the chest that a large, thin lump appeared in the back (612). Medical terms are often used for human diseases, diseased states, and jų požymiams apibūdinti, pvz.: The illness starts in uncomfortable heat, with headaches, sometimes severe. When the fever rises sharply, changes occur in the lungs, lungs, or behind the ears, commonly called bubbles (408); The fever started a long time ago […] the father started vomiting, he was suffering from pain in the right side of his stomach (458); The first clear sign of the disease is sudden abdominal pain. The pain is usually strong, sometimes it is weaker. Rarely shaking, more often nausea and vomiting. Fever is the second most common symptom (630). Medical terms are undoubtedly needed to describe surgeries and other medical manipulations and interventions, e.g. Barzdaskutys pulled the dead tissue from the wound, then carefully examined it, gently and precisely pulling the spines and the smallest of the scales with iron claws (90); Cutting the skin around the finger with a knife, breathing, draining the blood with a scalpel, then cutting the healthy part of the finger on both sides and carefully extending the skin towards the potato, leaving two openings (140); The other patients came one by one: Rob had to return to the place where he had cut the collar, to fix the wound he had made in the child's hand (140[…]141); After injuring his leg from a sprain and a bruise, the doctor intervened and began to twist the injured leg, trying to straighten it out (178); Then pull the needle sharply into the outer corner of the eye slightly higher, but parallel to the lens. Then the drummer will come down, under him. If you are operating on your right eye, place the needle on your left hand, and vice versa (363). Medical terms are necessary to impart knowledge of human anatomy to medical students, e.g. : Pay attention to the thigh, said Jalal, this is the largest and strongest bone in the body (425); Do you see how the seven pairs of upper ribs are attached to the sternum by flexible cords? The other three are held together by a connective tissue, […] (425). From the medical micro-contexts examined, it can be seen that the writer, using the main arsenal of medical terminology, draws a professional picture of medicine. specialisto kasdienio gyvenimo paveikslą. Since the action in the novel takes place in the Middle Ages, it is not limited to historical medical terms, which are used to refer to people who are currently undergoing treatment and other people related to medicine, such as a barbed-wire surgeon, a housekeeper, a janitor, etc. : PALMIRA ZEMLEVIČIŪTĖ 82 Acta Linguistica Lithuanica LXXXIV This Regulation shall enter into force on the twentieth day following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union. But the heat gathered forces again and attacked (412); And then the abdominal pain came back to haunt me. I'll take a urine test with you, and we'll see if the disease progresses. We're going to create a comparison. Here the term plays a Medicinos terminai grožiniame tekste medicinos tematika vartojami vaizdouble role it is either a marking or a marking element of comparison. Thus, two types of comparisons can be distinguished. In the first type of comparisons, the scientific concept is described by the household; here the specificity of the scientific concept is as if pushed to the second plan, the second type, on the contrary, […] the domestic concept is described by the scientific (Жидкова 2007: 87). In the Romanian language, medical terms, usually organs or their parts, are not included in the first type of comparison composition, e.g. At birth, she always prayed to the saint of her name, and St. Agnes prayed to her, but this time the whole world was in constant pain, and the baby in the womb was in great distress. After him, Rob brought in a man behind the curtain with eyes like milk. The intestines were pink like painted Easter eggs, the blood was bright red (133); After a good hour through the abdominal muscles, he felt a large, as if a small soft uterus contracting into a small standing ball (170); Rob was again greeted by a sailor as if he were an old friend (307); […] The wings of a bird caught in a net, weak and flattened, pulsated, weak and flattened (412); There was a stiff band on the right side of the abdomen (459); He clearly saw several red milk drops joining at the spine, as if they were branches of a river joining at the roots (511); When the beast died, his gesture sounded like a jackal, […]... (518); The robe worked patiently, stretching the muscles, drawing them like threads or rope fibers (631); That night he wandered through the old man's remains, wanting to find out what had caused such a peaceful death, and he saw that the artery that supplied the heart and the lower part of the body had dried up and contracted like a stagar (632); […]...buried in a swollen belly like an inverted bull, protecting the life growing in it (632); His jaws were chained, his mouth full of suppressed saliva, his teeth almost unbreakable, and his body stretched out like a tense bow. His belly was raised high, and only his ankles and head rested on the bed. Medical terms, running phrases, e.g. […]... even with an example, was brought in through the dentist, the king's court physician Draifild, […]... (667), Straipsniai / Articles 83 Medicinos terminai grožiniame tekste Or other parts of illustrated stories, like, "Matt, haven't you been in town for the last couple of years when the plague hit?" (124); They went to the manor on the hill, where the smell of the disease was raging, and there Osterik's wife, Ardis, was dying (704). Thus, after discussing the last five cases of use of medical terms, the question arises […] can it be said that all the terms mentioned here are determinologized? For example, do the adjectives ashtrus (sharp), kaulėtas (sharp-headed), krūtinė, etc., the verbs ashtsi (maras ėda), pulti (liga puolė), etc. eliminate the terms dieglys, krūtinė, maras, liga denotatus? Here it would most likely be possible to speak of partial determinology, or despecialization, in other words, medical terms, although used in a different, non-language, sphere, the term specia lius denotatus, but under the context of partners are understood more easily than in their usual functioning environment. In a scientific text, the term medicine cannot be replaced by another word, except in cases of absolute synonymy, such as caries and edema, epilepsy and epilepsy, scabies and skeleton, pericard and heart attack. What a beautiful text. Here the term gains more freedom, becomes semantically smoother. In Romanian, medical terms are sometimes replaced by other common language words or combinations of words. For example, instead of the term fertile waters, the term marine waters is used, e.g. : Agnes put her hand to her belly and felt like a baby floating in her own water among the streams (13). Although the term water also occurs, e.g. Before and after she gave birth to Mary, she miscarried several times, but both Jonathan and the girl, as soon as the waters receded, her body flowed easily, and the glottal nodes were not felt between the fingers (15). A man's penis is called a penis, a thing, for example, will remember how the hot and magical penis of her husband unites the two of them when she lets him into the depths of her body. Alos things, instead of being straight like a ladder, were quite bent, […] (581), arba eufemizmu, pvz.: It was probably related to the carcass of his penis (256). Pimpal looked smaller than Robo and darker (580). The term "surgical surgeon" is sometimes used to refer to a specialist in surgery, but it is sometimes replaced by such figurative sayings as bone expert, bone and limb tailor, for example. : Rob again went through the whole hospital, only this time after the hakimu Jalal al-Din, the skeleton and limb tailor, his patients were lying on ropes, ... (364); Rob didn't get it, but the skeleton knew he was joking (616). raised a real PALMIRA ZEMLEVIČIŪTĖ 84 Acta Linguistica Lithuanica LXXXIV Dėl tokios gausybės anatomijos ir gydymo klaidų kaulų žinovas Džalalas būtų sustorm (674). The use of small prepositions in a beautiful text is considered one of the stylistic tools. The terms used in this text may not only describe concepts, in other words, they do not convey any evaluation, but also express certain emotional connotations. However, such a prefix has no influence on the meaningful content of the term (Židkov 2007: 8687). The word "diminished" is often used to refer to the same object as its root, but the object being named is usually smaller than the object of the same type, marked by the root word (Keynes, 2005: 65). There are medical terms with minor prepositions in the novel under consideration. Such terms do not have any additional connotations, e.g. William Stuart lost his appetite, his face looked thinner and his eyes bigger (210); Pulins angina, Feraton said at the end, showing a dark red mark on his fathers throat (26); This time he showed new tumors that had grown in the church (243); According to the chief physician, the initial rash turns into a small heart; then a second tuber develops, from which the liver develops; the third level comprises all the other main bodies (508); He had to treat a man who had been bitten in the neck by a donkey, who had eaten more than one donkey, who had eaten a nut from his nose, who had put his broken finger bones back in place (673). As already written, most medical terms are used in Romanian with a direct terminological meaning, and only a couple of medical terms have metaphors. Infectious disease pestis romane, in addition to the literal meaning of the term plague, is also called the transliterated meaning of the term black death, which gives the text imagery and vividness, e.g. : <...> vyriausiasis gydytojas paskelbė siunčiąs juos į Anšaną kovoti su juodąja mirand <...> (397); Since black death can be caused by airborne and decomposing fumes, I think you should treat both the sick and the healthy with as much fragrant tree sap as possible (397); "We had to take the bodies out of the city as soon as possible and burn them, tojų keturi patys užsikrėtė ir mirė (401); but it was too late, the black death came to us too. It's an animistic metaphor, for example. : Tas pats pasakytina ir apie terminą mirtis, kurį keliais atvejais pakeičia vaizTrying to curse the cursed Black Knight (582); Articles of the 85th Medicinos terminai grožiniame tekste And he realized that by fighting the accursed Black Knight, he was fighting for his own survival (665). In the scientific medical text, it is common to give the Latin equivalents of the greta terms. In the novel, there was also such a scientific interlude, when the name of the Lithuanian organ was written next to its Latin equivalent, for example. Every butcher knows this, because he sees every day where the kidneys are, he sees the urethra (called the ureter) that leads from each kidney to the bladder, and by examining such an anatomy he understands their purpose and the work they do (385). Most of the medical terms used in the novels are clear to a reader who has no medical education. Their author is usually unclear. And if the term is explained, it's usually simply, casually, although it's also expressive, like. The heart is a blood-vaporizing pump (566). One of the ways in which the author explains to the reader an unclear term in a poetic text is by explaining the meaning of an unclear term, based on other terms that are similar, which in turn are more or less clear (cf. Самохина 2011: 165). In Romanian, some medical terms are interpreted as synonyms, i.e. their Lithuanian equivalents, e.g. : Therefore, the old Persian doctors called this disease nazul-i-ab, otherwise […] […]vandenų nuotėkiu[…]. This name was later simplified to "water sickness" or cataracts. (362–363); Rob was embarrassed, remembering the dead horse from the opisthotonus, […]...> (674); <...>; It was an opisthotonus, a reverse mollusk (674). Several medical terms or compound medical terms have been used to give the story a mystery, e.g. […] nų, kurie eiliniam skaitytojui gali būti neaiškūs, tačiau autorius jų neaiškina, ir Temporary suprative inflammation (26); Išeidamas left a small bottle with a mixture of liquid lime and charcoal to give a fever (99); <...> (26); Barzdaskučiui reikėjo portulakų, užpiltos Ypatinguoju jos stabdydavo ir slopinI can cut off a swollen finger to make the big one look decent (184); Baigiantis jo mokslo laikui, kiekvienas mokės atlikti flebotomiją, prideginti, Arterial incision and amputation of the eyelids (193); The middle one has a bubon. 13 The original in italics. PALMIRA ZEMLEVIČIŪTĖ 86 Acta Linguistica Lithuanica LXXXIV This Regulation shall enter into force on the twentieth day following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union. the heart; It works like a constantly squeezing fist, expelling blood through systole, then relaxing and replenishing blood through diastole (495). He visited them for three days, and he gave them myrrh, and aloes, and frankincense, and myrrh to Ibn Sina, but he saw no effect. He drank the red wine of Cassius, smoked opium and ran to the hospital (618); Perforated abdominal pain was observed in six cases, all patients died (630); It was just the time when the cramps started, and Rob would now need the Persian medicines […] (669). The term "Central Roman Medicine" can be considered a physician. By the way, he goes by the name of Romano. This term is most often used […] counted out of 300 cases of its use (see table 1 for the number of other medical terms used in the novel). The context partners of the doctor […] dvejopos […] words with positive (mostly) and negative […] connotations, e.g. […] then at the moment of weakness called the real doctor […] (25); "The only bad thing", he said, "is that such a clever doctor can't help me get rid of the pain in my bones and joints". Rob remembered Barzdaskut when he talked about the famous doctor Adoilesentol <...> (191); Maybe there's a great doctor out there who can help him (238); But he's a wonderful doctor. A respected and successful physician (423); You are an excellent doctor, Jesse, […] (446); But you're honest and decent, and you're an extraordinary doctor (490); […] the best way to become a well-known doctor […] to win a chat (495); Ibn Sina was the most prominent physician in the Eastern and Western caliphates, […] (513); The greatest and most wonderful physician, whose equal is not found in all the world (637); Eventually, they both realized that the ruler would not take anything, even though the Prince of Physicians […] stood up as a man, and Karim […] as a chess player (590); […]... the chief of the gates Ibn Sinai showed the usual respect of the physicians to the prince, who was a nobleman, because he was as thirsty as anyone else (66); Everyone says that this is a <...> (590); <...> Virš šitų apgailėtinų žmogelių – raudonskruosčiai pasipūtę gydytojai, besirūscience that no one believes in, and the doctors who have graduated from it do not believe in it (109); Of course, among the Jews there were some real scoundrels who later became bad doctors, […] (514); Girdėjau kalbant, kad gydytojas raganius gali taip paveikti ligonį, kad iš burnos It starts to foam and it's like it's dead. In the context of such partnerships, conflicting views of the medical profession in those distant times emerge. Articles of the 87th Medicinos terminai grožiniame tekste This is LENtELė. The number of medical terms used in the novel number of medical terms used in the novel number of doctors 384 patients 202 hospitals 64 illnesses, corpses, scars surgeon 61 medicine 56 pain 50 medicines 42 hand 38 blood 37 stomach 36 wound 33 eyes 32 measles 31 surgeon 30 bones 25 legs 24 treatment ... less than 20 In the end, it is possible to agree that the artistic medical discourse cannot be surrounded without terms that reveal a more interesting and profound view of the professional and linguistic world of the medical specialist (Madjaeva 2020: 39), as well as more accurate, realistic, and convincing. Although the study was based on a single source, the tendency of a certain main medical term to function was highlighted in the beautiful text. They may be confirmed or denied, supplemented or corrected in subsequent studies in this field. The name of the Appendices 1. The need for medical terms, the emergence and the inevitable necessity in a beautiful work is determined by the subject matter of the work. Medical terms in the novel The Guide. Avicenna's lessons are most often used to describe various medical situations that reveal the daily routine and specifics of a doctor's work. Medical terms PALMIRA ZEMLEVIČIŪTĖ 88 Acta Linguistica Lithuanica LXXXIV It gives the story a scientific appeal and a sense of realism. They create a professional, medical environment and characterize it, thus becoming a means of implementing the writer's idea, a reflection of the state of health and medical affairs in the narrative historical epoch […] the Middle Ages. The four main Roman microcontexts in which medical terms are used are: examination of patients and description of their physical condition, description of diseases, diseased states and their symptoms, description of operations and other medical manipulations and interventions, transmission of knowledge of anatomy. 3. Two groups of medical terms used in the novel are distinguished: real (literary) medical terms, mainly naming anatomical and clinical concepts, and non-real medical terms, or pseudotermins, which only roughly denote medical concepts. The latter novel also plays a significant role, because it corresponds to the imaging period when most diseases have not yet been identified, so they are described in a descriptive way, for example, blind intestinal inflammation (apendicitis) in the novel is called colon negation, colon negation, colon negation, colon league, colon negation in the colon, colon league, colon league. The term "medicine" is used in the novel to refer to the seven most important groups of medical terms: human body parts, organs and their parts, diseases, diseased states and their symptoms, medicines, pharmaceutical substances and preparations, medical devices, tools and equipment, persons involved in the treatment process, medical institutions and facilities, medical procedures, interventions and manipulations. Thus, it can be said that the writer provides the reader with the entire arsenal of medical terminology. 5. Unlike the scientific text, in which the term is monofunctional, in the graphic text it is multifunctional. The main function of medical terms in novels is nominative (naming), i.e. they are most often used in their direct, terminic, meaning as in a scientific text and do not have any additional emotional, evaluative, etc. shades, in other words, they are stylistically neutral. Another important function of medical terminology novels is visual. Most medical t. y. terminai padeda kurti tikroviškus gydytojo kasdienio darbo paveikslus. terms are clear and understandable to a reader who does not have a medical education. Only a few unclear medical terms occurred. In this case, such terms serve a cognitive function, as the interpretation of their meaning helps to obtain new medical information. In the novel, there are relatively few medical terms that fulfill the emotional-expressive, i.e. most important, function of the texts of the heroic style. However, it must be said that this function is unique to them only when the terms are used in the text not alone, but with their contextual partners […] various descriptive terms, evaluative verbs, which in turn have their siais būdvardžiais, dalyviais. Ypač medicinos terminus suasmenina, sugyvina Straipsniai / Articles 89 Medicinos terminai grožiniame tekste own contextual partners (most often prefixes). There are medical terms, most often referring to organs or parts of organs, which are included in such semantic-style instruments as comparative composition. 5.5. Another function of medical terms is educational. Medical terms, carefully inserted into a beautiful text and becoming an integral part of the world of images and emotions, also give the reader knowledge of medical history or deepen it and clarify it in some way. 6. The investigation carried out essentially refuted the claim that the term had entered a non-existent environment (the text of the article) and was subject to determinism. This phenomenon is rarely manifested in the research novel, except in cases of metaphorical conjecture, because most medical terms accurately name concepts without losing their terminological meaning, i.e. retain a clear semantic structure. Medical terms that are partially determinologized or despecialized are more common. Fresh or chilled This is Noah Gordon. The doctor. 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