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Experimental data for the manuscript titled Continuous time crystal coupled to a mechanical mode as a cavity-optomechanics-like platform

Mäkinen, Jere; Heikkinen, Petri; Autti, Samuli; Zavjalov, Vladislav; Eltsov, Vladimir

Abstract

This submission contains the minimal dataset required to reproduce the experimental findings related to the manuscript titled Continuous time crystal coupled to a mechanical mode as a cavity-optomechanics-like platform, associated with the DOI 10.1038/s41467-025-64673-8

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Description of the dataset Title: Experimental data for the manuscript titled Continuous time crystal coupled to a mechanical mode as a cavity-optomechanics-like platform Description: This submission contains the minimal dataset required to reproduce the experimental findings related to the manuscript titled Continuous time crystal coupled to a mechanical mode as a cavity-optomechanics-like platform, associated with the DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-64673-8 The manuscript describes experiments in superfluid 3He-B, where a magnon Bose-Einstein condensate (from now referred to as the time crystal) was generated in a 150-mm-long cylindrical sample container with 5.85 mm inner diameter by pumping sufficient amount of magnons into a magneto-textural trapping potential at temperatures well below 1 mK. Simultaneously the container was shaken horizontally to modify the precession frequency of the time crystal. A more detailed description of the experimental setup, as well as the experimental procedures and methods, can be found in the cited manuscript and references within – the purpose of this submission is to make the presented data available to anyone interested. Raw and additional data can be provided on a reasonable request from corresponding author. The listed files contain the data presented in the manuscript in human-readable comma-separated (.csv) format. Additional relevant information is provided below the general description of each file. This submission includes the files listed below. Fig1b.csv contains the data shown in Figure 1b: •The first column contains the time elapsed from beginning of the experiment. The excitation pulse occurs some 58 ms after the start. Units: seconds. •The second column contains the voltage induced on the pickup coils after amplification. Units: Volts (Scale: arbitrary) Fig1c.csv contains the data shown in Figure 1c (based on raw data from Fig1b.csv): •The first row contains the time elapsed from beginning of the experiment. The excitation pulse occurs some 58 ms after the start. Units: seconds. •The first column contains the frequency shift from the late-time frequency of the time crystal. Units: Hz. •The remaining rows and columns contain the extracted fast Fourier transformation (FFT) amplitude of the raw signal at given time/frequency, as given by the corresponding row/column. The inset corresponds to the column, where Time = 40 s. Units: Arbitrary. Fig2a_53mHz.csv and Fig2a_158mHz contain data from the panel Fig. 2a, where the given frequency corresponds to the reading of the quartz tuning fork given in the legend. •The first column contains the mechanical drive frequency. Units: Hz. •The second column contains the extracted modulation amplitude G (see manuscript for details). Units: Hz. Fig2b_84mHz.csv and Fig2b_310mHz contain data from the panel Fig. 2b, where the given frequency corresponds to the reading of the quartz tuning fork given in the legend. •The first column contains the mechanical drive frequency. Units: Hz. •The second column contains the extracted modulation amplitude G (see manuscript for details). Units: Hz. Files Fig2c_BulkCTC.csv and Fig2c_SurfaceCTC.csv contain data from Fig. 2c. The file name indicates the position of the time crystal (in bulk liquid vs close to the surface). •The first column contains the thermometer fork reading. Units: mHz. •The second column contains the extracted surface wave resonance width. Units: Hz. Files Fig3abc_BulkCTC.csv and Fig3abc_SurfaceCTC.csv contain data from Figs. 3, a,b, and c. The file name indicates the position of the time crystal (in bulk liquid vs close to the surface). •The first column contains the square of the extracted maximum tilt angle θmax (see manuscript for definition). Units: deg². •The second column contains the extracted modulation amplitude G (see manuscript for details). Units: Hz. •The third column contains the extracted frequency shift of the precession frequency of the time crystal relative to its value at zero mechanical forcing. Units: Hz. •The fourth column contains the extracted asymmetry ϴ×θmax (see manuscript for definition). Units: deg. Files Fig3d_BulkCTC.csv and Fig3d_SurfaceCTC.csv contain data from Fig. 3d. The file name indicates the position of the time crystal (in bulk liquid vs close to the surface). Note: For each set of data the magnetic field profile was slightly different (different minimum coil current), and for this reason the no-tilt frequency, which was used as a reference, is always set to zero to subtract the effect of the magnetic field to the precession frequency. •The first column contains the extracted static tilt angles. Units: deg. •The other columns contain the individual measured frequency shifts of the time crystals latetime precession frequency relative to the zero tilt value for the corresponding tilt angles. Units: Hz. Fig3e.csv contains the data shown in Figure 3e (based on raw data related to Fig3abc_BulkCTC.csv): •The first row contains the frequency shift from the central time crystal precession frequency. Units: Hz. •The first column contains the the square of the extracted maximum tilt angle θmax (see manuscript for definition). Units: deg². •The remaining rows and columns contain the extracted fast Fourier transformation (FFT) amplitude of the raw signal at late times, and for given frequency/maximum tilt angle, as given by the corresponding row/column. The inset corresponds to data from the 46th row, where θmax = 1.52 deg. Units: Arbitrary.