scieee AI-readable full text Open interactive document viewer

The staggering costs of PFAS Remediation

Arp, Hans Peter H.

Abstract

This presentation summarizes the work of the Forever Lobbying Project and ZeroPM to ascertain the costs of PFAS remediation (https://foreverpollution.eu/). It was presented as part of the "Towards toxic-free Forum", organized by the European Environmental Bureau (EEB), Hazardous Waste Europe, and the Permanent Representation of France to the EU Event title: Addressing the staggering costs of PFAS pollution Background and objectives of the event:Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) pollution poses a significant threat to public health, the environment, and the economy. The widespread contamination of water, soil, and food sources has led to increased costs related to remediation, healthcare, and litigation. Despite mounting scientific evidence and growing public concern, regulatory action remains slow, and affected communities continue to suffer. The polluter pays principle is barely applied, leaving society to bear the unaffordable health and economic costs of pollution.The Chemical Strategy for Sustainability (CSS) recognised that PFAS require special attention due to widespread soil and water contamination, including drinking water, in the EU and globally. Scientists warn that the increasing stock of chemical pollution, including PFAS, is surpassing the safe operating space of planetary boundaries, threatening human health and the environment.A universal PFAS restriction has been proposed by Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands, Norway and Sweden and is currently undergoing scientific scrutiny to enable informed policymaker decisions.France has recently adopted one of the most ambitious laws on PFAS, which is pioneer in the application of the polluter pays principle.This event seeks to raise awareness among Members of the European Parliament (MEPs), European Commission representatives, and Member States on the severe economic and social costs of PFAS pollution. It aims to reinforce the urgency for the European Commission to finalise the action plan for PFAS phase out and improve polluters accountability and support mechanisms for affected communities.

Full text

This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 101036756. The staggering costs of PFAS remediation Hans Peter H. Arp Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI) Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) Contact: hans.peter.a[email protected] PFAS contaminated sites in Europe 22,934 known contamination sites 21,426 presumptive contamination sites 231 known PFAS users 20 PFAS manufacturing facilities Source: Forever Pollution Project foreverpollution.eu Cordner et al. Environ. Sci. Technol.2024, 58, 15, 6616-6627 No dilution to this persistent and mobile pollution Surface runoff Groundwater discharge Leaching to groundwater Uptake in plants Biomagnification Secondary poisoning Bioaccumulation Uptake in aquatic organisms Direct and secondary poisoning Secondary poisoning PFBA •Persistent •Mobile •Bioaccumulative •Toxic Zhang et al (2021) Eng Int. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2021.106856 Legacy scenario Brunn, H., Arnold, G., Körner, W. et al. .Environ Sci Eur 35, 20 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12302023-00721-8 TFA Emerging scenario PFBS PFBA PFPrA Technological and cost limitations Scheurer et al. (2017). Water research,126, 460-471. Legacy PFAS 0.02-0.20 €/m3 Emerging Scenario (with brine destruction) 5-10 €/m3 •TFA removal from water is Reverse Osmosis followed by Supercriticial water oxidation (ca 8 €/m3) ca. 100 billion € /year + all water synthetic + huge impact from green house gas emissions + Infrastructure upgrade not realistically plausible Upscale to all water from PFAS contaminated sites Legacy Scenario Emerging Scenario Targeting long-chain PFAS Targeting all PFAS, including TFA Heavily contaminated soils 1-5 B €/year 5-30 B €/year Drinking water 0.2-0.7 B €/year 16-65 B €/year Landfill leachate 0.0004-0.01 B €/year 0.02-0.7 B €/year Wastewater effluent Not included 20-70 B €/year Wastewater sludges to agriculture Not included 8-20 B €/year The cost of inaction increases as PFAS spreads •Legacy Scenario €38 -100 billion over 20 years •Emerging Scenario €2 trillion over 20 years •Would address less than 1% of current PFAS uses in the EU •Prevention/Reduction only feasible option •Who will pay? Acknowledgements Thanks to funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 101036756 2021-2026 https://zeropm.eu/ https://zeropm.eu/removal-workshop/ Ali Ling (University of St. Thomas School of Engineering) Raphaëlle Aubert (Le Monde) Eurydice Bersi (Reporters United) Stephan Horel (Le Monde) foreverpollution.eu/