ALI BEY HUSEYNZADE'S PUBLICISTICS

280 ALI BEY HUSEYNZADE'S PUBLICISTICS Saba Namazova PhD in Philology, Associate Professor Ganja State University. [email protected] ORCID ID: 0000-0002-7986-3073 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17272057 Özət. Əli bəy Hüseynzadənin çoxşaxəli və məhsuldar fəaliyyətinin təməlində turançılıq məfkurəsi dayanırdı. O, türk xalqlarının milli birlik və dövlətçilik ideyasını ilk dəfə irəli sürmüş, onun elmi-nəzəri əsaslarını işləyib-hazırlamışdır. Əli bəy Hüseynzadə 1905-ci il inqilabından sonra türkçülük məramnaməsini “Həyat” qəzetində, “Füyuzat” jurnalında dərc etdiyi “Türklər kimdir və kimlərdən ibarətdir?”, “Yazımız, dilimiz”, “Türk dilinin vəzifeyi-mədəniyyəti” və s. məqalələrində hərtərəfli şəkildə şərh etmişdir. Eylər dili Çin səddinədək hökmünü icra, Bir ucudur Altay bu yerin, bir ucu səhra. - misralarında isə Əli bəy türk dilinin yayıldığı geniş ərazilərdən bəhs etmişdir.. Bu xüsusda Əli bəy Hüseynzadənin redaktorluğu ilə nəşr olunan (1906-cı il noyabın 1-dən) “Füyuzat” (“gerçəyi dərk etmək” mənasını verir) dərgisinin ictimai-siyasi və ədəbi fikir tariximizdə müstəsna rolunu da qeyd etmək gərəkdir. Hacı Zeynalabdin Tağıyevin maliyyə yardımı ilə nəşr olunan dərgidə Məhəmməd Hadi, Mirzə Ələkbər Sabir, Hüseyn Cavid və başqa qabaqcıl fikirli ziyalılar, qələm xadimləri silsilə yazılarla çıxış etmişlər. 1907-ci ildə “Füyuzat” bağlandıqdan sonra Əli bəy Hüseynzadə pedaqoji fəaliyyətlə məşğul olmuş, Bakıda “Səadət” məktəbinin müdiri vəzifəsində işləmiş, “Tərəqqi” və “Həqiqət” qəzetlərində çalışmış, məşhur “Siyasəti-fürusət” əsərini hissə-hissə nəşr etdirmişdir. Əli bəy Hüseynzadə türk xalqlarının problemlərini publisistik sözün vasitəsilə həll etməyə yorulmadan çalışırdı. Qeyd edək ki, türkçülüyün böyük ideoloqu, ümumən türk dünyasında ilk dəfə olaraq “Türkləşmək, İslamlaşmaq və Müasirləşmək” ideyasının əsasını qoymuş Əli bəyin naşiri olduğu “Füyuzat” dərgisi XX əsrin başlanğıcında mətbuat aləminə yeni nəfəs, milli oyanış ideyalarını gətirmişdir. Əli bəy Hüseynzadə publisistik fəaliyyəti boyunca, xüsusən də “Füyuzat” jurnalındakı yazıları ilə Azərbaycanda türkçülük ideyalarının yaranıb inkişaf etməsinə və bütün türk dünyasında o deyaların yayılmasına xidmət göstərmiş, bu yolla mənsub olduğu xalqın hüquqlarını müdafiə etmişdir. Əli bəyin ensiklopedik fikirlərinin cəm olduğu “Türklər kimdir və kimlərdən ibarətdir?” adlı əsərində türk xalqları haqqında irəli sürülən etimoloji yanaşmalar, məsələlərə dilçi, tarixçi, coğrafiyaşünas kimi hərtərəfli münasibət heyranlıq doğurur. “Türkün türkü anlamaması onun faciəsidir” söyləyən Əli bəy Hüseynzadə türklərin bir-birini başa düşməsi yönündə mətbuatın rolunu məxsusi vurğulayırdı. Əli bəy Hüseynzadənin Azərbaycanda “Həyat” və “Füyuzat”da fəaliyyəti, Türkiyədə “Türk yurdu” jurnalında, “Türk ocağı” dərnəyində, “Xalqa doğru”, “Məlumat”, “Yeni məcmuə” kimi çoxsaylı mətbu orqanlarda iştirakı, “Turan” heyətinin tərkibində Qərbi Avropa ölkələrində 281 çıxışları, Berlində “Türk qövmləri konqresi”ndə irəli sürdüyü fikirlər türklər və onların dili ilə bağlı problemlərin həllinə doğru istiqamətlənmişdi. Özet. Turanizm ideolojisi, Ali bey Huseynzadeh'in çok yönlü ve üretken faaliyetinin temeliydi. Önce Türk halklarının ulusal birliği ve devletliği fikrini ortaya koydu, bilimsel ve teorik temellerini geliştirdi. 1905 devriminden sonra Ali bey Huseynzadeh, Türkizm programını “Hayat” gazetesi, “Füyuzat” dergisi, “Türkler kimler ve onlar?”, “Yazımız, dilimiz” “Türk dilinin görev ve kültürü” ve diğerlerinde yayımladı. makalelerinde ayrıntılı olarak yorumladı. Çin Seddi'ne kadar kararın infazı, Altay bu toprakların bir ucu, bir ucu çöl. - Ali Bey, şiirlerinde Türk dilinin yayıldığı geniş alanlardan bahsetti. Bu bağlamda, Ali bey Huseynzadeh (1 Kasım 1906'dan beri) tarafından sosyo-politik ve edebi düşünce tarihinde düzenlenen “Füyuzat” dergisinin (“gerçeği anlamak” anlamına gelen) olağanüstü rolünü not etmek gerekir. Mohammad Hadi, Mirza Alakbar Sabir, Huseyin Javid ve diğer önde gelen aydın ve yazarlar dergide Hacı Zeynalabdin Tagiyev'in mali desteğiyle yayınlanan bir dizi makale yazdı. 1907'de “Füyuzat”'ın kapanmasından sonra Ali bey Huseynzadeh pedagojik faaliyetlerde bulundu, Bakü'de “Saadat” okulunun müdürü olarak çalıştı, “Taraggi” ve “Haqiqat” gazetelerinde çalıştı ve ünlü “Siyaset-Fırsat” eserini yayınladı. Ali bey Huseynzadeh, halk halkının sorunlarını halkçı konuşarak çözmek için yorulmadan çalıştı. Türkizmin büyük ideoloğu ve Türk dünyasında ilk kez “Türkleştirme, İslamlaştırma ve Modernleşme” fikrinin kurucusu Ali bey tarafından yayınlanan “Füyuzat” dergisinin yirminci yüzyılın başlarında basına yeni bir nefes ve ulusal uyanış fikirleri getirdiğine dikkat edilmelidir. Gazetecilik faaliyeti boyunca, Ali bey Huseynzadeh, özellikle “Füyuzat” dergisindeki makaleleriyle Azerbaycan'da Türkçülüğün fikirlerinin ortaya çıkmasına ve gelişmesine ve bu sözlerin Türk dünyasına yayılmasına hizmet etti ve böylece ait olduğu insanların haklarını savundu. Ali bey'in ansiklopedik düşünceleri “Türk kimdir ve kimdir?” Türk halklarına etimolojik yaklaşımlar ve dilbilimci, tarihçi ve coğrafyacı olarak konulara kapsamlı yaklaşım hayret vericidir. Türklerin birbirlerini anlamalarına yardımcı olmada basının rolünün altını çizen Ali bey Hüseynzadeh, “Türklerin Türkleri anlamadığı bir trajedi” diyordu. Ali bey Huseynzadeh'in Azerbaycan'daki “Hayat” ve “Füyuzat”daki faaliyeti, “Türk Yurdu” dergisi, “Türk Ocağı” adlı daireye katılımı, “Halka Doğru”, “Bilgi”, “Yeni Majmue”, “Turan” personeli gibi birçok basın kuruluşunda Batı Avrupa ülkelerindeki konuşmaları ve Berlin'deki “Türk Halkları Kongresi” nde ortaya koyduğu fikirler, Türklerin ve dillerinin sorunlarını çözmeyi amaçlıyordu. Açar sözlər: Əli bəy Hüseynzadə, publisistika, məqalə, “Füyuzat” dərgisi, naşir Anahtar Kelimeler: Ali bey Hüseynzade, gazetecilik, makale, “Füyuzat” dergisi, yayıncı Keywords: Ali bey Huseynzadeh, journalism, article, “Fuyuzat” magazine, publisher INTRODUCTION. Ali bey Huseynzadeh's services in the history of the Turkic world are immeasurable. It is commendable that Ali bey, who worked tirelessly for the awakening of the Turkish nation and the rise of culture, left behind a rich scientific, artistic and journalistic heritage. 282 Modernity is the basis of all works of Ali bey Huseynzadeh, regardless of the subject. It is as if he painted his works in red, a symbol of modernity. Ali bey Huseynzadeh's article “Kuhi-Qaf and Simurg” spoke about the peoples of the Caucasus. In this work, the author skillfully uses classical prose and takes Simurg as a symbol. In the artistic and philosophical thoughts “Majnun and Leylayi-Islam”, the writer used the power of the pen to share his thoughts. Ali bey Huseynzadeh mainly used mysticism, allegory and symbol in this article. Ali Bey's mastery was not only in expressing his views on the Turkic world, but also in illuminating the attitude of writers in world literature towards the Turks. In his article “Turks in the Two Epics of the West”, the dual attitude towards Turks formed in world literature is reflected in art. To do this, the author cites the works of two authors who lived at the same time, standing at different poles. Before talking about Torkvado Tasson's “Salvation of Jerusalem” and Camoens' “Lucia”, Ali bey Huseynzadeh makes notes about them. The author emphasized the similarities between the two at the time, and the fact that they were fierce opponents of Islam. Ali bey Huseynzadeh “Who are the Turks and who are they?” With his work, he fully revealed his ideas of Turkism. Adib “How many Turkish engines do we have that do not know who the Turks are and who they are, while they are proud of their Turkishness!” - He skillfully researched the Turkic peoples according to their history, ethnography, culture, the origin of their names and religion, and put forward his views on them. Ali bey Huseynzadeh's first printed article was published in “Ramadan Baghchasi” published by A.Jovdat under the signature of A.H.-zadeh when he was a student of “Omar Khayyam” darulfu, and his first verse works were published in “Malumat” and “Irtika” newspapers under the signature of Salyani. Apparently, during his career, Ali bey Huseynzadeh tried to spread his ideas through the media. “What is Young Turkism?” He published in “Kaspi” newspaper. The article deals with the Turkish regulatory movement. The launch of Hayat newspaper with the financial support of millionaire Haji Zeynalabdin Tagiyev together with Ahmad bey Agaoglu helped him to move forward in the promotion of Turkic ideas. Ali bey never spared the support of his colleague Agaoglu in this way. It is no coincidence that in 1919, at a time when the Turkic peoples were being persecuted, both intellectuals were arrested together in Istanbul. Despite this, Ali bey did not change his mind, and the chairman of the court asked him, “You are a Shiite, aren't you?” “No, I am an Azerbaijani Turk,” he shouted. 283 The publication of “Fuyuzat” magazine stimulated Ali bey Huseynzadeh to realize his ideas more widely. To be more precise, Ali bey tried to spread the power of Turkism, the truth of Islamism and the development of modernity with “Fuyuzat”. In a short period of time, he founded the “Fuyuzat” creative school, and its students were directly involved in the establishment of the Republic of Azerbaijan. Ali bey Huseynzadeh continued the idea of the unity of modern Islamism and Turkism in his articles in the newspaper “Hayat” (1905-1906), and then in the magazine “Fuyuzat” (1906-1907) In other words, he laid the foundation of the idea of “Turkification, Islamization and modernization”, which has become a common ideology of the Turkic peoples in general. Ali bey Huseynzadeh wrote in the main article “Our newspaper's profession” published in the 1st issue of “Hayat” newspaper: “As a Muslim, if our brothers and sisters in the world, for whom we are benevolent, make progress, we will applaud that progress,” he said. Turkuz, building against Turkuz. We wish the Turks to be happy with progress and evolution everywhere” (Huseynzadeh, 1905, № 1). This idea was preserved by Ali bey Huseynz as the main line in his other writings, as stated in the article “Prisoners of Baku region”: “We are Turks: be zealous for the demolition and removal of all kinds of barriers and walls that hinder the progress of our language and language” (Huseynzadeh, 1906: № 119). It is not for nothing that “Ali bey's greatest historical service was to put forward a new ideological system for the salvation of the Turkish nation - the triad of Turkification, Islamization, Europeanization” (Huseynzadeh, 2007: 23). “Who are the Turks and who do they consist of?” the work occupies a special place. This publicist work was published by the author in 1905, starting from the 4th issue of “Hayat” newspaper. The work looks at the path of this people from the Turkish term to the stage of history. Ali bey Huseynzadeh's “Who are the Turks and who are they?” (1905) is a conceptual introduction to Turanism, Turkish-Turanian culture. In this work, the author tried to shed light on “the common origin of our ancestors Turan”, as well as explored the place and role of the Turkic peoples in the Turan culture, in the Turan language family. Ali bey Huseynzadeh, who returned to Azerbaijan after the persecution in Turkey, began to cooperate with the “Kaspi” newspaper, published articles in its pages and asked “What is Young Turkism?” explains the essence of the Turkish 284 regulatory movement with his article. At that time, A.Huseynzadeh was also known as a man of reformist ideas. The “Hayat” newspaper, co-published with Ahmad bey Agaoglu, a well-known theologian, public figure and publicist of his time, recognizes Ali bey Huseynzadeh as a “heavy-headed” philosopher, a “thinker who heals” (words that nourish the mind). By publishing his works in his pages, he brings a new spirit to the socio-cultural environment, and efforts are made to enrich the logical foundations of the national worldview with new principles. The philosophical judgments of Ali bey Huseynzadeh are very interesting in this regard. He used to say: - Truth also has a taste and flavor. - Freedom! .. What a force that pushes the minds, thoughts, dreams, all the spirit and spirituality of mankind! - To win is for the people who look at life with open eyes, understand the spirit and responsibility of the time ... - Turks either die or emigrate, but they are not slaves. - Anyone who is not given politeness and upbringing in childhood will not be saved in adulthood. Wet wood can be bent in any way you want, but dry wood can only be made with fire ... In the early twentieth century, the national press played an important role in the organization and regulation of socio-political thought, the formation of the information environment. The transformation of journalism into a tribune of public opinion is also the result of that historical stage. The services of “Fuyuzat” magazine and its editorial staff were especially noteworthy in this regard. Thus, their activity was not limited to publishing only one sample magazine, but also aimed at creating the “Fuyuzat” movement, the “Fuyuzat” school of journalism. This creative work was later further improved by the Fuyuzatist media, and included “Fresh Life”, “Irshad”, “New Fuyuzat”, “Truth”, “Progress”, “Iqbal”, “Sadayi-haqq”, “Waterfall”, “Open word”, “Insight”, “Salvation”, “Life”, “Azerbaijan”, “Ovragi-nafisa” and so on. Thanks to this, it was formulated and propagated in the form of “Turkification, Islamization, modernization”. The ideological and moral values of Azerbaijan, which were symbolized in three colors (blue, red, green) on the state flag during the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic, are directly related to the well-known thesis of Ali bey Huseynzadeh and the historical services of physicists. Ali bey Huseynzadeh always talks about “panIslamism” and the “Armenian issue” in the same place, and the title of his article on the problem is as follows: 285 “The issue of Pan-Islamism and Armenians” (Huseynzadeh, 1907: № 20-22). As Professor Yashar Garayev noted: “Ali bey really lived such a life with his personal biography, which became the memory of Islam as a whole, the history of Turkism, and at the end of this life he himself was “laughing”(satisfied), the whole world and the whole world was sad and miserable...” (Garayev, 2007: 21) Ali bey Huseyzadeh's work “Politics-Opportunity” was published in parts in “Irshad”, “Taraggi”, “Haqiqat” newspapers published in Baku in 1908-1909. The first part of this work, consisting of 30 essays, is dedicated to the glorification of freedom. This is considered to be the largest work of A.Huseynzade. There are two important lines in the work: exposing oppression and glorifying freedom. CONCLUSION. As we have mentioned, “Politics-Opportunity” consists of two parts. In the first part, against the background of the description of the Sattarkhan movement in Iran, the liberation struggle of the Muslim and Turkish peoples against the occupiers is considered, and essays on Teymurlang, Khatai, Nadir Shah are given. In the second part, entitled “Gajars”, the oppression of the East and the oppression of tsarism are exposed. The great thinker, publicist, poet, doctor, artist, creator of the doctrine of Turkification, Islamization and Europeanization, which is of exceptional importance for the Turkic world in the twentieth century ... The works of Ali bey Huseynzadeh are one of the important sources for studying the history of science, literature and national ideology. Literature 1. Huseynzadeh, A. (2007), Selected works. Baku: East-West. 2. Garayev, Y. (2007), Ali bey's heritage and heirs. A. Huseynzadeh. Selected works. Baku: EastWest. pp. 4-21 3. Namazova, S. (2019), Issues of Azerbaijani literature of the 20th century. (Scientific and theoretical articles). Baku: Science and Education. 4. Huseynzadeh, A. (1905), Our newspaper's profession. Life newspaper. № 1 5. Huseynzadeh, A. (1906), Prisoners of Baku region. Life newspaper. № 119 6. Huseynzadeh, A. (1907), The issue of Pan-Islamism and Armenians. Fresh life newspaper. № 20-22. 7. Azad, N. S. (2025). Bahlul” and “Mirat” Azerbaijani satirical magazines. Universidad y Sociedad, 17(1), e4926-e4926. 8. Namazova, S. (2023). THE ROLE OF LITERATURE IN CREATIVE CITIES. Preprint. 9. NAMAZOVA, S. (2025). AHMAD BEY AGAOGHLU'S PUBLICISTİC ACTİVİTY. Konfrans materialları. 10. Namazova, S. (2024). NASIB BEY YUSIFBEYLI IN AZERBAIJAN LITERARY THOUGHT. Konfrans materialları.