EFFICIENCY OF USING ALCOHOL IN AUTOMOBILES

SCIENCE AND INNOVATION INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL VOLUME 4 ISSUE 9 SEPTEMBER 2025 ISSN: 2181-3337 | SCIENTISTS.UZ 201 EFFICIENCY OF USING ALCOHOL IN AUTOMOBILES I.Z. Nasirov1, I.U. Nosiraliyev2 Professor, D.Sc. in Engineering, Andijan State Technical Institute1 PhD Candidate, Kokand State University2 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17289542 Abstract. An alcohol reactor was installed in the intake system of the "Onix" automobile engine and tested. According to the results of the experiments, the content of carbon monoxide (CO) in the exhaust gases decreased by 1.28% and the amount of unburned hydrocarbons (CH) decreased by 2.10%. The annual economic efficiency amounted to 26,369,812 UZS/year, the payback period was 0.04 years, and the efficiency coefficient reached 26.37. Keywords: laboratory test, carbon monoxide (CO), unburned hydrocarbons (CH), intake system, alcohol reactor, economic efficiency, payback period, efficiency coefficient. Introduction Currently, the growth of the world’s population, the emergence of various ecological problems, and the pollution of the environment are causing numerous global challenges. For this reason, on November 20, 2024, the Honorable President of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Shavkat Mirziyoyev, proposed declaring the year 2025 in our country as the “Year of Environmental Protection and Green Economy” at a session of the Oliy Majlis [1]. According to recent data, one of the factors leading to atmospheric air pollution worldwide is motor vehicles, which account for nearly 70% of the total air pollution. Exhaust gases (EG) from automobiles have the greatest impact on the composition and quality of the atmosphere as pollutants [2,3]. Figure. Alcohol reactor installed on a “Cobalt” automobile. In the future, ensuring energy, ecological, and economic security in the Republic of Uzbekistan, as well as sustainable development of the energy sector, will undoubtedly require the use of renewable energy sources. A necessary condition for preserving natural resources for future generations and protecting the environment is the development of renewable and alternative energy sources. SCIENCE AND INNOVATION INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL VOLUME 4 ISSUE 9 SEPTEMBER 2025 ISSN: 2181-3337 | SCIENTISTS.UZ 202 In Uzbekistan, many scientific and engineering projects are being carried out to reduce the amount of toxic gases emitted from vehicles. One such approach is to reduce the amount of harmful substances in exhaust gases by using alcohol vapors in engines, thereby contributing to environmental protection [4,5]. For this purpose, an external reactor was constructed and installed on various models of cars produced at “UzAuto Motors” JSC (Figure), and it was tested under both laboratory and road conditions [6]. Results of road condition tests № Types of fuel–air mixture Crankshaft speed, rpm Engine power, kW Fuel consu mptio n, L/h Alcohol consum ption, L/h CO content in exhaust gases, % HC content in exhaust gases, % 1. Conventional gasoline–air mixture (control) 2350 51,3 6,69 - 4,06 5,15 2. Alcohol–air mixture 2350 48,5 - 15,31 0,27 0,21 3. Control + alcohol 2350 55,6 4,98 6,58 1,89 1,30 From the table it can be seen that when the automobile operated on a conventional gasoline–air mixture (control), the engine power was 51.3 kW; when operated on an alcohol–air mixture, it decreased to 48.5 kW; whereas with control + alcohol operation, it increased up to 55.6 kW. Fuel consumption on the control was 6.69 L/h, on the alcohol–air mixture it was absent, and on control + alcohol operation it was 4.98 L/h. Alcohol consumption was zero in the control, 15.31 L/h with the alcohol–air mixture, and 6.58 L/h with control + alcohol. The CO content in the exhaust gases was 4.06% in the gasoline–air mixture, 0.27% in the alcohol–air mixture, and 1.89% in the control + alcohol mode. Similarly, the unburned hydrocarbons (CH) content amounted to 5.15%, 0.21%, and 1.30%, respectively [7]. When the alcohol reactor device was installed in the intake system of the “Onix” automobile engine, its economic efficiency was determined. It was established that when the engine operated on conventional fuel (gasoline), the cost per 1 km of travel was 2430.30 UZS/km, with 1 liter of gasoline covering 15 km. When the alcohol reactor was installed in the intake system, 1 liter of gasoline allowed the vehicle to cover 19 km, the cost per 1 km was reduced to 2275.92 UZS/km, the annual economic efficiency amounted to 26,369,812 UZS/year, the payback period was 0.04 years, and the efficiency coefficient reached 26.37 [8]. Conclusion. The results of this study demonstrate that the use of alcohol reactors in automobile engines is not only environmentally beneficial but also economically and practically efficient. The significant reduction of carbon monoxide (CO) and unburned hydrocarbons (CH) in exhaust gases serves as an important factor in preventing atmospheric air pollution. At the same time, the reduction in fuel consumption and the annual economic benefit exceeding 26 million UZS represent a major advantage for the practical implementation of this device. From a theoretical perspective, the use of alcohol vapors ensures more complete combustion of the fuel–air mixture, thereby positively influencing the thermodynamic processes SCIENCE AND INNOVATION INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL VOLUME 4 ISSUE 9 SEPTEMBER 2025 ISSN: 2181-3337 | SCIENTISTS.UZ 203 of internal combustion engines. This, in turn, strengthens the scientific foundations for mitigating global environmental problems and for the effective use of renewable fuels. Therefore, in the future it is necessary to determine the optimal ratio of alcohol with various fuels and to develop scientifically grounded recommendations for next-generation engines. From a practical standpoint, alcohol reactors are an innovative solution with high efficiency that pays for itself in a short period of time. Through the serial production of this technology at local automobile manufacturing plants, it will be possible to create additional jobs, reduce the volume of fuel imports, and increase the share of affordable and environmentally friendly vehicles in the domestic market. Furthermore, by attracting both foreign and local investors, the large-scale implementation of this technology will serve as an important step in realizing the “green economy” concept in our country. The results of this research represent a technological solution that can be applied not only under the conditions of Uzbekistan but also on a global scale. The introduction of the alcohol reactor provides not only economic efficiency but also contributes to the strategy of sustainable ecological development. This creates an opportunity for the efficient utilization of conventional oil and gas fuels, whose reserves are rapidly depleting worldwide. Ultimately, this work ensures more efficient use of conventional oil and gas fuels, improvement of engine performance, and reduction of the most harmful exhaust emissions— carbon oxides and unburned hydrocarbons. In the future, it will be necessary to study the potential of using different types of alcohol—ethanol, methanol, and bioethanol—as well as to conduct their comparative analysis. This will allow further enhancement of the ecological and economic performance indicators of automobile engines. REFERENCES 1. Nasirov, I. Z., & Urinov, D. O. (2021). The technology of obtaining environmentally clean fuel for vehicles. Scientific and Technical Journal of NamIET, Namangan: NamMTI, 188– 193. 2. Rakhmonov, Kh. N., & Nasirov, I. Z. (2021, August 5). Obogashchenie sintez gazom toplivovozdushnoy smesi DVS. In Proceedings of the International Scientific-Practical Conference “Modern Technologies: Problems of Innovative Development and Implementation of Results” (pp. 21–25). Petrozavodsk: MCNP “Novaya Nauka”. 3. Nasirov, I. Z., Urinov, D. O., & Rakhmonov, Kh. N. (2021). Reaktorlarning avtomobil ko‘rsatkichlariga ta’siri. Polish Science Journal. International Science Journal, 4(37), 356– 360. Warsaw, Poland: Wydawnictwo Naukowe “iScience”.