Eco-friendly fabrication of graphene from apple biomass precursor

9. simpozijum Hemija i zaštita životne sredine EnviroChem2023 sa međunarodnim učešćem 9th Symposium Chemistry and Environmental Protection EnviroChem2023 with international participation KNJIGA IZVODA BOOK OF ABSTRACTS Kladovo 4-7. jun 2023. godine ENVIROCHEM2023 KNJIGA IZVODA 9. simpozijum Hemija i zaštita životne sredine Kladovo, 4-7. jun 2023. BOOK OF ABSTRACTS 9th Symposium Chemistry and Environmental Protection Kladovo, 4-7th June 2023 Izdaje/Published by Srpsko hemijsko društvo/Serbian Chemical Society Karnegijeva 4/III, 11000 Beograd, Srbija tel./fax: +381 11 3370 467; www.shd.org.rs, E-mail: [email protected].rs Za izdavača/For Publisher Dušan Sladić, predsednik Srpskog hemijskog društva Urednici/Editors Sanja Živković, Branka Lončarević, Minja Bogunović, Gordana Gajica Slika sa naslovne strane/Photo from cover page Foto Video Boce Priprema za štampu i štampa/Prepress and printing Razvojno-istraživački centar grafičkog inžinjerstva Tehnološko-metalurškog fakulteta, Beograd Tiraž/Circulation 150 primeraka/150 copies ISBN 978-86-7132-082-5 Informacije i stavovi izneti u ovoj publikaciji su provizorni. Srpsko hemijsko društvo, urednici i naučni odbor nisu odgovorni za interpretacije, eventualne posledice i štamparske greške. The information and the opinions given in this publication are provisional. Serbian Chemical Society, Editors or Editorial Board are not responsible for any interpretations, their consequences or typographical errors. ENVIROCHEM2023 9 J.R. Prekodravac, B. Vasiljevic, D. Mijin, B. Todorovic Markovic PIZH-4 In-situ grafting of Fe and Cu nanoparticles on carbon for electrolytic hydrogen production J. Georgijević, J. Milikić, N. Zdolšek, S. Brković, I.Perović, P. Laušević, B. Šljukić 141-142 PIZH-5 Eco-friendly fabrication of graphene from apple biomass precursor S. Dorontić, S. Jovanović 143-144 PIZH-6 Photo-induced prooxidative and antioxidative properties of gamma-irradiated graphene quantum dots S. Dorontić, D. Milivojević, S. Jovanović, B. Todorović Marković 145-146 Sekcija 4: Procena rizika, prevencija zagađenja, regulative i mišljenje javnosti u oblasti zaštite životne sredine (PR) PPR-1 Bioaccessibility and risk assessment study on vineyard samples from Serbia based on potentially toxic element concentrations T. Milićević, I. Kodranov, A. Popović, D. Relić 147-148 PPR-2 The element concentrations in human milk samples from Croatia and in vitro bioaccessibility assay T. Milićević, J. Đorđević, S. Herceg Romanić, B. Dojčinović, M. Matek Sarić, A. Popović, D. Relić 149-150 PPR-3 Non-carcinogenic health risk assessment via acute and chronic exposure to particle pollution in Novi Sad, Serbia S.Dmitrasinovic, M. Jovasevic Stojanovic, M. Davidovic, M. Turk Sekulic, S. Radovic, J. Radonic 151-152 PPR-4 Assessment of the health risks posed by arsenic-rich groundwater in the Banat region J. Vesković, A. Onjia 153-154 PPR-5 Evaluation of the biotoxicity potential of water from the Kovin Dunavac marina (Kovin, Serbia) to Aliivibrio fischeri K. Antić, I. Kojić, M. Lješević, J. Milić, M. Stošić, J. Radonić, T. Šolević Knudsen 155-156 ENVIROCHEM2023 Poster prezentacije 143 Eco-friendly fabrication of graphene from apple biomass precursor S. Dorontić1*, S. Jovanović1 (1) Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade P.O. Box 522, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia; *sladjana[email protected].ac.rs Graphene is a two-dimensional carbon nanomaterial, consisting of sp2 hybridized carbon atoms, organized in a honeycomb hexagonal crystal lattice [1]. Due to their extraordinary physical and chemical properties such as high electrical conductivityof 106 cm2 V−1s−1, Young’s module close to 1 TPa, as well as large surface area (2630 m2 g–1), they attract the attention of researchers from science toward industry. Graphene can be produced by different techniques such as chemical synthesis, chemical, mechanical or electrochemical exfoliation, thermal annealing, etc. Synthesis of graphene in that way usually includesthe consumption of commercially availablechemicals. To avoid disadvantages, researchers developed methods based on biomass and bio-waste materials for graphene synthesis [2]. Within these procedures, starting materials for graphene synthesis are wood parts [3], agricultural waste[4], fruits[5],and many others[2]. The main principle of graphene fabrication from biomass-derived sources consists of their pyrolysis underan inert atmosphere. Pyrolysis can be occurred on Cu support, in the presence of some activation agents such as base and salts, or in hydrothermal conditions. Activation agents lead to cutting, pore formation, and starting material exfoliation. KOH is an often used agent for activation. K+ from KOH reacts with graphite microcrystals during the reaction by transferring a charge to the [graphene-H]- complex. H atoms became removed from the complex, which cause the formation of sp2 atoms. Also, the presence of KOH released CO2 in reaction penetrates between graphene layers, separating them, and increasing the surface of the material [2]. Apple and products made of them are the most consumed fruit and products all over the world [6]. According to the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Economy of the Republic of Serbia data, 26.1 x 106 L of fruit alcohol drinks including apple-based ones, were producedin 2021[7]. Large amounts of solid and liquid apple wastes are generated during the apple processing [6]. Per each litter of produced fruit alcohol, around 8–15 L of wastewater (stillage) is produced. Due to high biodegradability, that waste has become a great environmental problem. Most of the waste goes to landfill, is burned, and contribute to an increase inthe amount of greenhouse gases. It alsoreaches aquatic ecosystems, causing their eutrophication. Apple biomass and bio-waste were investigated as start carbon material for graphene production in many reported researches [8, 9]. In this study, graphene-like material was synthesized from biomass obtained duringthe apple alcohol drink preparation process. Raw biowaste was dried to the powder and mixed with KOH pastilles to create a homogenous powder. Then, the mixture was heated in the furnace at 850 °C for 1 hour, under an atmosphere of inert gas. After heating, the material was washed from KOH, until pH reached neutral. The structure of produced material was investigated using infrared spectroscopy with Fourier transformation (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy. The structural analysis confirmedthe presence of the graphene domains in biomass-derived material. ENVIROCHEM2023 144 Stillage obtained from appleschnapps is a possible starting material in graphene fabrication. Thanks to low prices, eco-friendly, sustainable, and simple approach, as well as increasing graphene market, the presented method has a huge potential to become an important method in graphene production. References 1. Huang, M.,Wang, C.,Quan, L.,Nguyen, T.H.-Y., Zhang, H.,Jiang,Y., Byun,G., Ruoff,R.S. Matter 3 (2020) 487-497. 2. Prekodravac, J.R., Kepić, D.P., Colmenares, J.C., Giannakoudakis, D.A., Jovanović, S.P. J. Mater. Chem. C. 9 (2021) 6722-6748. 3. Ekhlasi, L., Younesi, H., Rashidi, A., Bahramifar, N. Process Saf. Environ. 113 (2018) 97-108. 4. Somanathan, T., Prasad, K., Ostrikov, K.K., Saravanan, A., Krishna V.M. Nanomaterials (Basel), 5 (2015) 826-834. 5. Shah, J., Lopez-Mercado, J., Carreon, M.G., Lopez-Miranda, A., Carreon M.L. ACS Omega, 3 (2018) 455-463. 6. Dhillon, G.S., Kaur, S., Brar, S.K. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 27 (2013) 789-805. 7. sMinistry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Management, Republic of Serbia (http://www.minpolj.gov.rs/download/informacija-o-jakim-alkoholnim-picima2021/?script=lat.) 8. Górka, J., Vix-Guterl, C., Ghimbeu, C. J. Carb. Res. 2 (2016) 24. 9. Abbas, A., Tabish, T.A., Bull, S.J., Lim, T.M., Phan, A.N. Sci. Rep. 10 (2020) 21262. Acknowledgment - This work was financially supported by the Ministry of Science, Technological Development and Innovation of the Republic of Serbia [grant number 451-03-68/2023-14/200017] and by the project Twinning for new graphene-based composites in electromagnetic interference shielding - GrInShield (No. 101079151), funded by EU.