Global attributes Category Metadata Field Description Dataset Description Title input_max_SMI_dataset.csv, tmp_anomally.aut.csv, species_traits_weight_paper1.csv Description These data allow replication of the analysis in Temporal changes to migratory fuel-load in migratory birds across Europe Keywords Max SMI, migrant passerines, ringing Taxonomic Scope Passerine and near passerine Afro-Palearctic migrant birds Taxonomic Authority The data and species names follow International Ornithological Congress World Bird List v13.2 Version number 1.0 Licence CC-BY-NC. Acknowledgement Cite associated paper Usage For purposes of replicating the analyses in the paper: Temporal changes to migratory fuel-load in migratory birds across Europe Dataset Author Name Jennifer Border Email
[email protected] Organisation British trust for Ornithology Organisation address The Nunnery, Thetford, Norfolk IP24 2PU Dataset Geospatial Range Min Longitude -10 Min Latitude 35 Max Longitude 30 Max Latitude 65 Geospatial extentdescription Western Europe Dataset Temporal Range Date Description 1980 - 2022 Single Date NA Start Range 7th April 1980 End Range 2nd December 2022 Dataset Parent Project Project title Temporal changes to migratory fuel-load in migratory birds across Europe Project geospatial range Western Europe Project description Climate change is a major threat to biodiversity, and migratory animals are particularly vulnerable, due partly to their reliance upon good resource availability across a network of sites at specific times. Migrants perform vital ecosystem functions, transferring significant resources across large spatial scales but the impacts of climate change on the ability of individuals to complete these journeys are poorly studied. Collecting the large-scale and long-term data on the condition of individuals during migration to address this is challenging, but in migratory birds, we have a model organism for which a large network of ringers (banders) collect individual data on body size and mass, enabling variation in body condition to be tracked. We used long-term ringing data on 33 Afro-Palearctic migratory bird species at 286 sites across Europe to demonstrate a large-scale decrease in migratory fuel-loads during autumn over the last 40-years, but not in spring. Declines were strongest across southern Europe and linked to rising temperatures. The timing of autumn fuelling has also shifted, occurring earlier at northern sites and later at southern sites. These relationships varied depending on diet and breeding cycle length. Obligate insectivores were more constrained by temperature in the
timing and magnitude of fuelling than frugivores. Species with short breeding cycles departing later at southern sites in warmer years, likely reflecting an extended breeding season. Altogether, these latitudinally varying findings suggest a tradeoff between maximising productivity or maximising adultsurvival as climate drives changing constraints on breeding season length and resource availability. Similar climate-induced trade-offs may be happening in other migratory taxa with the potential to influence population trends. Project contact name Jennifer Border Project contact email
[email protected] Project contact organisation British Trust for Ornithology Project citation Please cite associated paper Quality Assurance The data were thoroughly checked and validated Dataset Analysis Analytical methods Details in associated code file Analytical model GLMMs Model variables Northing, temperature anomaly, species, 10 km square, year Model validation Diagnostic plots Analytical software R Information on the individual dataset variables input_max_SMI_dataset.csv Field Name Description Units Field Type Northing _10km Northing in European grid (EPSG: 3035) meters numeric Easting_10km Easting in European grid (EPSG: 3035) meters numeric Northing_10km_scal Northing centred and scaled NA numeric km10 Grid reference of 10 km square in EPSG: 3035 NA character week week of the year with 1 = 1st-7th January weeks Numeric year year NA Numeric Season Spring (weeks 5 to 20), Autumn (weeks 30 to 48) NA Character Eng_Name Species English Name NA Character SMI The max SMI value NA Numeric tmp_anomally.aut.csv Field Name Description Units Field Type Northing _10km Northing in European grid (EPSG: 3035) meters numeric Easting_10km Easting in European grid (EPSG: 3035) meters numeric km10 Grid reference of 10 km square in EPSG: 3035 NA character Y1980-Y2022 Site autumn temperature anomaly (mean over 1st August – 31st October) annual deviation from the Degrees C numeric
1980 – 2022 average for the site Over_all_years_mea n The mean autumn temperature per site over all years, 1980 to 2022. Degrees C numeric Reference: derived from the 0.1 degree resolution E-OBS dataset (https://www.ecad.eu/download/ensembles/download.php; Cornes, R., G. van der Schrier, E.J.M. van den Besselaar, and P.D. Jones. 2018: An Ensemble Version of the E-OBS Temperature and Precipitation Datasets, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 123. doi:10.1029/2017JD028200 species_traits_weight_paper1.csv Field Name Description Units Field Type sci_name Species scientific name NA character Eng_Name Species English name NA character diet diet category (Frugivore, aerial insectivore, other obligate insectivore from Storchová, & Horak 2017) NA factor distance long or short distance migrant (Hewson & Noble 2009 and Vickery et al. 2014) NA factor breeding_cycle breeding cycle length (length of nestling and fledgling period, Storchová, & Horak 2017) Days numeric brood_num mean number of broods (Storchová, & Horak 2017) NA numeric References: Storchová, L., & Hořák, D. (2018). Life-history characteristics of European birds. Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr., 27, 400–406. Hewson, C. M., & Noble, D. G. (2009). Population trends of breeding birds in British woodlands over a 32‐year period: relationships with food, habitat use and migratory behaviour. Ibis 151(3), 464-486. Vickery, J. A., Mallord, J. W., Adams, W. M., Beresford, A. E., Both, C., Cresswell, W., …Hewson, C. M. (2023). The conservation of Afro‐Palaearctic migrants: What we are learning and what we need to know? Ibis 165, 717-738.
