LIPIDS OF SENNA ANGUSTIFOLIA LEAVES

229 Volume 5, Issue 10: Special Issue (EJAR) ISSN: 2181-2020 MPHAPP THE 6TH INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL CONFERENCE “MODERN PHARMACEUTICS: ACTUAL PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS” TASHKENT, OCTOBER 17, 2025 in-academy.uz LIPIDS OF SENNA ANGUSTIFOLIA LEAVES Shomuratova S.N. Yuldasheva N.K. Gusakova S.D. Muradov R.Z. Nishanbaev S.Z. Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances named after Acad. S.Yu. Yunusov, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent city, Republic of Uzbekistan e-mail:[email protected] https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17333349 Relevance. Senna angustifolia Vahl. (syn. Cassia angustifolia Vahl), from the Fabaceae family, is a valuable medicinal plant that grows in the desert regions of Sudan, Saudi Arabia, and Somalia. It is cultivated in Russia, Azerbaijan, and the Surkhandarya region of Uzbekistan. Senna leaves are among the oldest traditional remedies used in folk medicine as a natural laxative. The therapeutic effect is primarily due to aloe-emodin and the anthraquinone glycosides sennosides A and B. Resinous substances present in the leaves may cause intestinal discomfort if infusions are prepared incorrectly. The leaves and plant extracts have long been used not only as a laxative, but also for treating liver and gallbladder disorders. Objective of the study: To investigate the lipids of S. angustifolia leaves collected in the Surkhandarya region. Materials and Methods. Neutral lipids (NL) were extracted from the powdered plant material by triple maceration using extraction-grade petroleum ether. Polar lipids (PL) were obtained from the remaining plant residue by triple extraction with a chloroform: methanol mixture (2:1, v/v). The composition of NL classes was determined by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) using solvent systems hexane:diethyl ether (4:1 and 3:2, v/v). Visualization was performed using iodine vapors and 50% H2SO₄ followed by heating. Alkaline hydrolysis of NL was carried out using 10% KOH in methanol. The resulting fatty acids were methylated with diazomethane. Fatty acid composition was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) using an Agilent 8860GC chromatograph. Results.The S. angustifolia leaf samples had a moisture content of 7.8% and contained 2.3% neutral lipids (NL) and 6.6% polar lipids (PL). The NL fraction was found to contain hydrocarbons, free fatty acids, anthraquinones (Rf 0.37, dark red spot), esters with aliphatic alcohols, triterpenols and phytosterols, as well as free triterpenols and phytosterols. Triacylglycerols were present in trace amounts in the leaf lipid fraction. Fatty acids were isolated from the NL fraction, methylated with diazomethane, and analyzed (see table). Table. Fatty acid composition of neutral lipids from S. angustifolia leaves, GC, % of total fatty acid mass Fatty acid % Fatty acid % 12:0, 14:0, 15:0 9,95 18:2n6 7,18 16:0 22,83 18:3n3 24,11 16:1n9 1,94 20:0 4,03 17:0 0,81 22:0 0,81 18:0 6,36 Σsaturated fatty acid 44,79 cis-18:1n9 21,98 Σunsaturated fatty acid 55,21 230 Volume 5, Issue 10: Special Issue (EJAR) ISSN: 2181-2020 MPHAPP THE 6TH INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL CONFERENCE “MODERN PHARMACEUTICS: ACTUAL PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS” TASHKENT, OCTOBER 17, 2025 in-academy.uz The data in the table show that the fatty acids in the lipids of S. angustifolia consist of 12 components, with a dominance of unsaturated fatty acids. Among the unsaturated fatty acids of the neutral lipids in the leaves, the highest contribution is made by trienoic acid (α-linolenic acid, 18:3 (24.11%)), which is absent in the seed lipids. Financing. This work was carried out using budgetary funds of ICPS the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan. We thank the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan for supporting this study.