SOFTENED WOOL AND OTHER FIBERS MIXTURE TECHNOLOGICAL PROPERTIES

INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ANALYSIS OF MATHEMATICS AND EXACT SCIENCES Volume 02, Issue 03, 2025 18 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ANALYSIS OF MATHEMATICS AND EXACT SCIENCES universalconference.us SOFTENED WOOL AND OTHER FIBERS MIXTURE TECHNOLOGICAL PROPERTIES Azizbek Ibodulloyevich Rajabov Sanovar Atoevna Khamraeva ¹Doctoral Student, Bukhara State Technical University, ²Professor, Tashkent Institute of Textile and Light Industry, Doctor of Technical Sciences [email protected], [email protected] Abstract. This in the article softened sheep wool other fibers — viscose , polyester and natural fibers with mixed in the state technological properties studied . Mixed in the composition of fibers flexibility , one diversity , physical-mechanical connection level and flexibility analysis The research was conducted results mixture fibrous products working optimal proportions in production definition , product quality increase and energy economical technologies in use important importance has . Keywords : softened wool , blend , technical properties , viscose , polyester , elasticity , quality Blending softened sheep wool fibers with synthetic (polyester, acrylic) and natural (cotton) fibers is widely used in today's textile industry. This process serves to combine the advantages of both fibers and improve the quality of the product. 1. Softened wool + Polyester (PET) fiber blend balances the natural heat retention properties of wool + the durability and hygroscopicity of polyester. The properties of the Softened wool + Polyester (PET) fiber blend are presented in Table 4.9. Table 1 Properties of a blend of softened wool + Polyester (PET) fibers Indicators The mixture feature Mechanical strength Very high, polyester is tougher and more durable than wool Hygroscopicity Through the wool stored (polyester to low hygroscopicity owner ) To wash endurance 30–40% polyester , highquality is saved In the product shrinkage Will be reduced (the natural wrinkling of the wool will be reduced) INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ANALYSIS OF MATHEMATICS AND EXACT SCIENCES Volume 02, Issue 03, 2025 19 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ANALYSIS OF MATHEMATICS AND EXACT SCIENCES universalconference.us Aesthetic appearance Shiny , soft , hardness and elasticity balanced Processing temperature Polyester top at temperature melting possible (max. 180°C), caution need 70% Wool + 30% Polyester the heat protective and the resulting product is durable 30% Wool + 70% Polyester economical , light , high resistant to processing The properties of the softened wool + Acrylic (PAN – polyacrylonitrile) blend are presented in Table 4.10. Acrylic is called “synthetic wool.” When used with wool, the price of the product decreases and washing becomes easier. Table 1.2 Properties of the softened wool + Acrylic (PAN – polyacrylonitrile) blend Index The mixture feature Softness Very high, a krill and softened wool to each other suitable Heat to keep Acrylic and wool together provides good insulation In the wash unexpected contraction Low (acrylic wool) stabilizes ) To the pilling inclination In acrylic pilling ( collection points ) is at risk Hypoallergenicity Acrylic allergies possible – caution need 60% Wool + 40% Acrylic more naturalness keeps 50/50 light , washable durable product 30% Wool + 70% Acrylic cheap and a very soft product is obtained 3. The properties of the softened wool + cotton blend are given in Table 1. This fiber product is heat-resistant, breathable, lightweight, and highly hygroscopic. Table 1.3 Indicators Properties of the mixture Hygroscopicity Both fibers absorb moisture well. INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ANALYSIS OF MATHEMATICS AND EXACT SCIENCES Volume 02, Issue 03, 2025 20 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ANALYSIS OF MATHEMATICS AND EXACT SCIENCES universalconference.us The results of the comparison of the general properties of the mixture are presented in Table 4.12. Table 1.4 Results of a comparison of properties of softened wool and other fiber blends Components Heat Softnes s Hygrosc opicity Stability in washing Aesthet ics Price Wool + Polyester 🟢 🟢🟢 🟢🟢 🟢 🟢🟢 🟢 Average Wool + Acrylic 🟢🟢 🟢 🟢 🟢🟢 🟢🟢🟢 🟢🟢 🟢 Cheap Wool + Cotton 🟢🟢 🟢 🟢🟢 🟢 🟢 🟢🟢🟢 🟢🟢 🟢 More expensive In conclusion, it can be shown that softened sheep wool is polyester Mixing with - for durable, wash-resistant and economical products, acrylic Blending with cotton is preferable for producing soft and inexpensive products, while blending with cotton is preferable for producing hygienic and skin-friendly, high-quality products. Soft sheep wool, polyester , PAN (acrylic) and cotton fiber dyeing process and parameters 1. Dyeing of softened sheep wool and polyester fibers is carried out in 2 stages. Since wool is a hydrophilic, natural protein-based fiber, and polyester (PET) is a hydrophobic, synthetic polyester fiber, both fibers have different chemical natures, and therefore are dyed at different dyes and temperatures. The types of dyes for dyeing sheep wool fibers and polyester are given in Table 1.5. Table 1.5 Types of dyes used for dyeing wool and polyester Fiber Paint type Softness High softness based on softened wool Heat preservation Wool is good for the price, but cotton doesn't retain heat. Cleaning and washing Low shrinkage in washing, easy to release oil Hypoallergenicity Natural fibers are comfortable for human skin 70% Wool + 30% Cotton A warm and soft product is obtained 30% Wool + 70% Cotton It is intended for the production of light summer products INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ANALYSIS OF MATHEMATICS AND EXACT SCIENCES Volume 02, Issue 03, 2025 21 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ANALYSIS OF MATHEMATICS AND EXACT SCIENCES universalconference.us Sheared and softened sheep's wool in the autumn season Acid (acid), and acetic acid 1–2% sulfate salts 0.5% Polyester fiber Dispersion Temperature, °C 70 Storage in motion at the specified temperature, time, min 40 Demineralized water, liter 100 2. Dyeing softened sheep wool and Acrylic (PAN) fibers cannot be dyed at the same time because the two fibers have different chemical properties. Therefore, separate two-stage dyeing is recommended. The parameters of dyes used for dyeing softened sheep wool and Acrylic (PAN) fibers are presented in Table 1.6. Table 1.6 Dyeing parameters for softened sheep wool and acrylic (PAN) fibers Step Temperature pH Time Paint type 1. Dyeing wool 85–95°C 4.5 30–40 min Acetic acid, chlorides as acid dye and catalyst 2. Acrylic painting 95–105°C 3.5–4.5 20–30 min As a basic dye and catalyst, dispersants, stabilizers INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ANALYSIS OF MATHEMATICS AND EXACT SCIENCES Volume 02, Issue 03, 2025 22 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ANALYSIS OF MATHEMATICS AND EXACT SCIENCES universalconference.us 3. It is possible to dye softened sheep wool + cotton blend fibers in one step , for which a reactive-acid mixture dye should be used. The dyes and parameters used for dyeing softened sheep wool + cotton blend fibers in one step are also presented. Table 1.6 Dyes and parameters used for one-step dyeing of sheep's wool + cotton blend fibers Fiber content Paint type and parameters Wool + Cotton Acid + Reactive dyes Temperature, °C 80 Storage in motion at the specified temperature, time, min 40 Regarding fiber dyeing, it can be concluded that dyeing wool and polyester fibers is difficult, has poor mechanical strength and aesthetic appearance, while dyeing wool and acrylic is not difficult, the resulting product is soft and inexpensive, and although it is more difficult to dye wool and cotton, the product produced from it is hygienic and natural. Economic efficiency of research By softening the wool fiber, the improvement of its physical and mechanical parameters, as well as the increase of efficiency in technological processes, bring significant economic benefits. After the softening process, the strength of the wool fiber is increased, the length and uniformity of the fiber is improved, the fiber is thinner and more elastic, and it is cleaned from impurities. Processing requires less energy and time, and allows for a higher quality product. The following formula is used to determine economic efficiency: Economic efficiency (in soums)=(High-quality product output difference)×(1 kg product price)−Mitigation costs Based on the result of softening 1 ton of spring wool in Bukhara region, it was calculated using the values given in table 4.9. Table 1.7 Indicator name Unbleached wool Softened wool Product output from sheared wool 60% 75% Price of 1 kg of finished yarn 80,000 sum 80,000 sum INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ANALYSIS OF MATHEMATICS AND EXACT SCIENCES Volume 02, Issue 03, 2025 23 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ANALYSIS OF MATHEMATICS AND EXACT SCIENCES universalconference.us Softening costs (for 1 t of wool) - 4,000,000 sum Output of wool fiber from 1 ton of wool without softening: 1000 kg×60%=600 kg Fiber output from 1 ton of softened wool: 1000kg×75%=750kg Difference: 750−600=150kg Difference in income (profit): 150kg×80000 soum=12000000 soum Economic efficiency: 12000000 soums (income)−4000000 soums (expenses)=8000000 soums profit By softening 1 ton of wool, you can get a profit of about 8 million soums. This will simultaneously increase processing efficiency, improve product quality, and allow you to sell it on the market at competitive prices . Summary for Chapter 4: 1. In conducting a full-scale experiment, the adjustment factors in the wool fiber processing equipment were thoroughly studied and X 1 - the speed of the cleaningcleaning drum, rpm, X 2 - the rotation speed of the fan, rpm, X 3 - the mass of the emulsion content, % were chosen as the input factors. U 1 - fiber diameter, micron, U 2 - strength, sN/mtex, U 3 - fiber elasticity, %, U 4 - fiber elongation at break, % properties were selected as output parameters . 2. It was found that in order to obtain high results in terms of diameter, strength, fiber elasticity, and elongation at break of softened karakul sheep wool fibers as a result of processing wool fibers shorn in the autumn season, it is necessary to set the X 1 - cleaning drum speed to 800 rpm, X 2 - fan rotation speed to 1500 rpm, and X 3 - emulsion composition Ciba Sapamine OC - 2 kg, Triamon - 3 kg . 3. Since the multivariate regression models for FR /<FT бsoft wool sheared in the autumn season were dead , the hypothesis that the model obtained under the effect of the output parameter is significant, was not rejected. 4. Softened sheep wool polyester Mixing with - for durable, wash-resistant and economical products, acrylic Blending with cotton was considered preferable for soft and inexpensive products, and blending with cotton was considered preferable for the production of hygienic and skin-friendly, high-quality products. 5. Dyeing wool and polyester fibers is difficult, but they have mechanical strength and aesthetic appearance. Dyeing wool and acrylic is not difficult, the resulting product INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ANALYSIS OF MATHEMATICS AND EXACT SCIENCES Volume 02, Issue 03, 2025 24 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ANALYSIS OF MATHEMATICS AND EXACT SCIENCES universalconference.us is soft and inexpensive. Although it is more difficult to mix wool with cotton, the product made from it is hygienic and natural. shorn in the fall , an economic benefit of 8 million soums can be achieved due to increased efficiency and improved product quality. This will allow the softened wool shorn in the local fall to be sold at competitive prices in the market. The research demonstrated that blending softened sheep wool with synthetic and natural fibers such as polyester, acrylic (PAN), and cotton provides significant improvements in the technological properties and economic efficiency of textile products. Experimental analysis confirmed that each blend offers specific advantages depending on the fiber ratio. A wool–polyester blend produced durable, wash-resistant, and cost-effective fabrics, where 70% wool + 30% polyester ensured heat retention and strength, while 30% wool + 70% polyester resulted in lighter, economical fabrics with high processing resistance. Wool–acrylic blends delivered excellent softness and insulation at lower cost, though pilling tendency and possible allergenic effects require consideration. A 50/50 composition yielded washable, durable textiles, while higher acrylic content enhanced softness and affordability. Wool–cotton blends provided superior breathability, hygroscopicity, and skin comfort, making them ideal for hygienic, high-quality products; however, they are relatively more expensive. Dyeing analysis revealed that wool–polyester blends require two-stage processing due to their differing chemical natures, making coloration more complex but aesthetically attractive. Wool–acrylic blends are comparatively easier to dye, producing soft and inexpensive outcomes, while wool–cotton blends can be dyed in a single step using acid–reactive combinations, yielding natural, hygienic fabrics. From an economic perspective, softening wool significantly increased processing efficiency and product quality. Calculations showed that processing one ton of softened wool in Bukhara increased fiber yield from 600 kg to 750 kg, generating an additional profit of about 8 million UZS. Furthermore, optimal machine parameters (800 rpm cleaning drum speed, 1500 rpm fan speed, and specific emulsion composition) improved fiber diameter, strength, elasticity, and elongation at break. In conclusion, blending softened wool with polyester, acrylic, or cotton enables the production of high-quality, energy-efficient, and market-competitive textiles. These findings demonstrate practical solutions for modernizing the Uzbek textile industry and enhancing global competitiveness. Literature. . 1. 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