Ultrasonic Pulse Transmission Tests: Datasets - Test Series 3, Reference Tests on Air

Technical description Ultrasonic Pulse Transmission Tests: Datasets — Test Series 3, Reference Tests on Air Jakob Harden† †Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria Corresponding author email: [email protected] 2023-07-14 Abstract The test series was created to receive information about the impact of the behaviour of two different piezoelectric shear wave sensors on the measurement results of ultrasonic pulse transmission tests. The approach for the test series was to vary the parameters pulse-width and the shear-wave-sensor-type. This results in a two-dimensional test parameter grid (pulse-width versus shear-wave-sensor-type). Tests were performed for each grid point in order to receive information needed to optimize the pulse width but also a possible dependency between material and sensor behaviour. The material tested was the air of the laboratory environment. The test method used was the ultrasonic pulse transmission method with combined compressionand shear wave measurements. All test data and metadata are summarized into datasets using GNU Octave’s open binary file format. 1 Introduction This document provides a technical description of the datasets of a series of ultrasonic pulse transmission tests (UPTT) performed in the course of the PhD thesis of the author of this document (see title page). This test series was performed to create a data reference for aeriform materials (air). The test series design is based on the variation of three different parameters. The pulse-width W= [2.5,5.0,7.5,1.0,1.25,1.5] µsec, the distance-between-actuator-and-sensor D= [0,20,50] millimetres and the shear-wave-sensor-type T= [ V150RB, V1548-RB ](resonance frequencies: V150-RB, fr= 500 kHz; V1548-RB, fr= 110 kHz). Both sensors manufactured by Olympus IMS[1]. This results in a three-dimensional test parameter grid. For each grid point (W, D, T ), tests were carried out several times to receive statistical information about the stability of the tests. The result is a collection of 36 datasets containing the measurement data of the UPTTs. The test device used for the UPTTs is the FreshCon[2] device (developed at the University of Stuttgart, Germany). Beside the measurement results, an elaborate description of devices, materials, mixtures and test operation procedures is available in the data set structure. This record is published to allow other researchers to make use of it. In particular, those not having access to the required laboratory facilities and test equipment. To allow others to make use of these datasets freely, an open license was chosen by the author (Creative Commons 4.0 Attribution, CC-BY-4.0). 2 Record content The repository record consists of the following three files: •ts3_techdescr.pdf contains the technical description (this file). •ts3_rawdata.tar.xz contains the raw measurement data. This compressed TAR archive consists of a set of ZIP archives enlisted in table 8 in section Appendix - Tables. The content of the ZIP archives is described in section 3. •ts3_datasets.tar.xz contains the datasets compiled from the raw measurement data. This compressed TAR archive consists of a set of binary files (*.oct, open GNU octave binary format) enlisted in table 9 in section Appendix - Tables. The structure of the content of each data set is described in section 4 in detail. CC-BY-4.0 Jakob Harden 1 Technical description Extracting data set files from compressed TAR archives: Under Linux the content of the compressed TAR archives can easily be extracted with the command line tool “tar”[3] on the “bash”[4] command prompt. On Microsoft Windows one may use “7zip”[5] instead. $ tar -xf <filename>.tar.xz Data integrity: To ensure the integrity of the files contained in the compressed TAR archives, the SHA256 checksum is also provided along with the files. See second column in tables 8 and 9 in section Appendix - Tables. Check the integrity of a file with “sha256sum”[6] at the “bash” command prompt. $ echo "<sha256_checksum> <filename>" > checkfile.txt $ sha256sum --check checkfile.txt File name convention, data set code: The variation of the test series parameters is also reflected in the file names. The file names are a concatenation of the test-series-id <T>, the distance-between-actuator-andsensor <D> in millimetres, the number-of-samples-recorded (recording block size) <N> in kilo-samples and the pulse voltage <V> in Volts. Filename structure: <T>_d<D>_b<N>_v<V>.oct. As example, a test performed with D= 50 mm, N= 16ksamples and V= 800 Volts is stored in ts3_d50_f110_w025.oct. The name of the corresponding raw data archive is ts3_d50_f110_w025.zip. Licensing: The contents of the repository entry published under the DOI 10.3217/ph0jm-8ax76 are made available under the open Creative Commons 4.0 Attribution license (CC-BY-4.0). This applies to the files ts3_rawdata.tar.xz,ts3_datasets.tar.xz,ts3_techdescr.pdf and their contents. A full description of the license terms is available at the following URL: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. 3 Raw data archive structure Each data set in the raw data archive ts3_rawdata.tar.xz is represented by a ZIP archive. The directories and files contained in the archive files are enlisted in table 3. L C Path Type Description 0 1 <datasetcode> directory data set directory 1 1 projinfo.txt plain text file metadata and information about additional tests 1 1 Channel 1 directory compression wave measurement data 2 1 ../measurements.txt plain text file list of signal filenames and recording timestamp 2 1 ../settings.txt plain text file device and measurement settings 2 N ../tst<num>.dat plain text files signal data of compression wave measurements 1 1 Channel 2 directory shear wave measurement data 2 1 ../measurements.txt plain text file list of signal filenames and recording timestamp 2 1 ../settings.txt plain text file device and measurement settings 2 N ../tst<num>.dat plain text files signal data of shear wave measurements Table 1: Raw data directoryand file structure (ZIP archives). L . . . directory level; C . . . cardinality. 4 Data set binary file structure Each data set in the data set archive ts3_datasets.tar.xz is represented by a OCT file (<filename>.oct). They were generated from raw data consisting of plain text files (see also 3). Therefore, GNU Octave 6.2.0[7] command scripts were used. The result of the conversion process are datasets available in GNU Octave’s open binary file format. The data in the datasets is organized in a C-like hierarchical data structure. That structure consists of several structural levels. The top structural level serves to classify the data according to individual thematic areas. The metadata and data of the measurement results are stored in the lower structure levels. To be able to display the data and metadata as simply as possible, sub-structures are used, which are referred to here as “atomic elements” and represent the lowest structural level of the data. There are three defined types of atomic elements: the atomic reference element (ARE), the atomic attribute element (AAE) and the atomic data element (ADE). All atomic elements consist of simple structure fields that hold the data. CC-BY-4.0 Jakob Harden 2 Technical description 4.1 Atomic elements Atomic reference element (ARE): Atomic reference elements are used to link objects to each other. This is to avoid copies of recurring content (e.g. for a specimen used in several subsidiary tests). They consist of a set of fields enlisted in table 2. Field Description Data type obj object type (always "ARE") string ver version number [major, minor] uint16 t tag, a descriptive name string i referenced id uint, [uint] r referenced object name {string} d description string Table 2: Field list of atomic reference elements (ARE) Atomic attribute element (AAE): Atomic attribute elements are used to store text only (e.g. additional description of the parent data structure). They consist of a set of fields enlisted in table 3. Field Description Data type obj object type (always "AAE") string ver version number [Major, Minor] [uint16] t tag, a descriptive name string v value, text string, {string} d description string Table 3: Field list of atomic attribute elements (AAE) Atomic data element (AAE): Atomic data elements are used to store values in combination with value type and physical unit (e.g. measurement data). They consist of a set of fields enlisted in table 4. The value type enumerators stored in field “vt” are enlisted in table 6 in section Appendix - Tables. Field Description Data type obj object type (always "ADE") string ver version number [Major, Minor] [uint16] t tag, a descriptive name string vt value type enumerator string v value of given value type depends on value type u unit string d description string Table 4: Field list of atomic data elements (ADE) 4.2 Data set structure hierarchy The hierarchy of the data structure consists of top-level substructures containing various atomic elements or other lower-level substructures (e.g. ds.tst, test collection). A list of main substructures is shown in table 5. A more detailed description of the structure hierarchy is shown in table 7 in section Appendix - Tables. CC-BY-4.0 Jakob Harden 3 Technical description L C Path Description 0 1 ds structure root 1 1 ds.meta_ser test series metadata 1 1 ds.meta_set data set metadata 1 N ds.loc geo-location information, GPS coordinates 1 1 ds.lic license information 1 N ds.aut author information 1 N ds.dev test device information 1 N ds.mat test material information 1 N ds.spm test specimen information, specimen I and II 1 1 ds.tst test collection 2 1 ds.tst.s04 ultrasonic measurement distance, specimen I 2 1 ds.tst.s05 ultrasonic measurement distance, specimen II 2 1 ds.tst.s06 ultrasonic pulse transmission test (compression wave), specimen I 2 1 ds.tst.s07 ultrasonic pulse transmission test (shear wave), specimen II 2 1 ds.tst.s09 environment temperature Table 5: Main substructures. L . . . hierarchy level; C . . . cardinality. 4.3 Accessing items of the hierarchical data structure To access the data and metadata in the hierarchical data structure, the file need to be loaded into memory first. Then, the structure handling commands of GNU Octave can be used to access single items. To illustrate the process, some typical application examples using the GNU Octave command line interface are given below. Load data set: Load data set and store the result in variable ds. octave: >>> ds = load(’/path/to/dataset/file.oct’, ’dataset’).dataset; Accessing items: The following commands store the signal data of all compression wave signals in variable s1 and all shear wave signals in variable s2. All other elements can be accessed in the same way. A detailed list of available structure elements is shown in table 7 in section Appendix - Tables. octave: >>> s1 = ds.tst.s06.d13.v; octave: >>> s2 = ds.tst.s07.d13.v; References [1] Evident. Contact Transducers. July 14, 2023. url:https://www.olympusims.com/en/ultrasonictransducers/contact-transducers/#!cms[focus]=cmsContent10862. [2] Smartmote. Smartmote - FreshCon. July 14, 2023. url:http : / / www . smartmote . de / joomla / de / produkte/~ultraschall/9-produkte/19-neptun-webservices-5. [3] die.net. tar(1) - Linux man page. July 14, 2023. url:https://linux.die.net/man/1/tar. [4] die.net. bash(1) - Linux man page. July 14, 2023. url:https://linux.die.net/man/1/bash. [5] www.7 zip.org. 7zip download. July 14, 2023. url:https://www.7-zip.org/download.html. [6] die.net. sha256sum(1) - Linux man page. July 14, 2023. url:https://linux.die.net/man/1/sha256sum. [7] John W. Eaton et.al. GNU Octave - Scientific Programming Language. July 14, 2023. url:https:// octave.org/. CC-BY-4.0 Jakob Harden 4 Technical description Appendix - Tables Data type Description string character array, character = 8 bit string_arr 1D cell array (vector) of strings string_mat 2D cell array (matrix) of string boolean unsigned integer, 8 bit boolean_arr 1D array (vector) of type boolean boolean_mat 2D array (matrix) of type boolean uint unsigned integer uint_arr 1D array (vector) of type uint uint_mat 2D array (matrix) of type uint int signed integer int_arr 1D array (vector) of type int int_mat 2D array (matrix) of type int single single precision floating point number, 32 bit single_arr 1D array (vector) of type single single_mat 2D array (matrix) of type single double double precision floating point value, 64 bit double_arr 1D array (vector) of type double double_mat 2D array (matrix) of type double Table 6: Value types for atomic data elements (ADE) CC-BY-4.0 Jakob Harden 5 Technical description Table 7: Detailed overview of the hierarchical structure of the datasets (*.oct files). Path Type Tag Description ds struct_dataset — structure root ds.meta_ser struct_metaser — substructure ds.meta_ser.r01 ARE author author reference ds.meta_ser.r02 ARE license license reference ds.meta_ser.d01 ADE series_id test series id ds.meta_ser.a01 AAE series_code test series code ds.meta_ser.a02 AAE series_name test series name ds.meta_ser.a03 AAE description test series description ds.meta_ser.a04 AAE abstract test series abstract ds.meta_ser.a05 AAE context test series context ds.meta_ser.a06 AAE date_start test series start date ds.meta_ser.a07 AAE date_end test series end date ds.meta_set struct_metaset — substructure ds.meta_set.r01 ARE author author reference ds.meta_set.r02 ARE series test series reference ds.meta_set.r03 ARE location location reference ds.meta_set.r04 ARE license license reference ds.meta_set.d01 ADE dataset_id data set id ds.meta_set.a01 AAE dataset_code data set code ds.meta_set.a02 AAE dataset_name data set name ds.meta_set.a03 AAE description description, general ds.meta_set.a04 AAE description_abstract description, abstract ds.meta_set.a05 AAE description_methods description, methods ds.meta_set.a06 AAE description_tableofcontents description, tableofcontents ds.meta_set.a07 AAE created_by data set creator name ds.meta_set.a08 AAE collected_by data set collector name ds.meta_set.a09 AAE copyrighted_by data set copyrighter name ds.meta_set.a10 AAE date_created date created Continued on next page CC-BY-4.0 Jakob Harden 6 Technical description Table7 – continued from previous page Path Type Tag Description ds.meta_set.a11 AAE date_collected date collected ds.meta_set.a12 AAE date_copyrighted date copyrighted ds.meta_set.a13 AAE size data set size, number of files ds.meta_set.a14 AAE format data set file format ds.meta_set.a15 AAE version data set version ds.meta_set.a16 AAE context data set context ds.meta_set.a17 AAE rawdata_directory data set rawdata directory ds.meta_set.a18 AAE rawdata_archive data set rawdata archive ds.loc struct_loc — substructure array ds.loc.d01 ADE location_id location id ds.loc.d02 ADE geolocation geo location, latitude, longitude ds.loc.a01 AAE country country ds.loc.a02 AAE state_province state or province ds.loc.a03 AAE city city ds.loc.a04 AAE zipcode zip code, postal code ds.loc.a05 AAE street street name ds.loc.a06 AAE housenumber house number ds.loc.a07 AAE description location description ds.lic struct_lic — substructure ds.lic.r01 ARE author author reference ds.lic.d01 ADE license_id license id ds.lic.a01 AAE license_code license code ds.lic.a02 AAE rightsholder rights holder ds.lic.a03 AAE rights rights description, e.g. Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International ds.lic.a04 AAE rights_uri rights URI, e.g. https://spdx.org/licenses/CC-BY-4.0.html ds.lic.a05 AAE rights_identifier_scheme rights identifier scheme, e.g. SPDX ds.lic.a06 AAE rights_identifier_scheme_uri rights identifier scheme URI, e.g. https://spdx.org/licenses/ ds.lic.a07 AAE license_description license description ds.lic.a08 AAE spdx_icon license icon (spdx) ds.lic.a09 AAE spdx_id license id (spdx) Continued on next page CC-BY-4.0 Jakob Harden 7 Technical description Table7 – continued from previous page Path Type Tag Description ds.aut struct_aut — substructure ds.aut.d01 ADE author_id author id ds.aut.a01 AAE name full name ds.aut.a02 AAE givenname given name, first name ds.aut.a03 AAE familyname family name, surname ds.aut.a04 AAE initials initials ds.aut.a05 AAE title_pfx title before the name (prefix) ds.aut.a06 AAE title_sfx title behind the name (suffix) ds.aut.a07 AAE organization organization name ds.aut.a08 AAE department department name ds.aut.a09 AAE role role in organization/department ds.aut.a10 AAE country country ds.aut.a11 AAE state_province state or province ds.aut.a12 AAE city city name ds.aut.a13 AAE zipcode zip code, postal code ds.aut.a14 AAE street street name ds.aut.a15 AAE email email address ds.aut.a16 AAE name_identifier_type name identifier type, e.g. ORCID ds.aut.a17 AAE name_identifier_type_uri name identifier type uri, e.g. https://orcid.org/ ds.aut.a18 AAE name_identifier name identifier, e.g. ORCID id ds.aut.a19 AAE description author description ds.dev struct_dev — substructure array ds.dev.d01 ADE device_id device id ds.dev.a01 AAE name device name ds.dev.a02 AAE vendor vendor name ds.dev.a03 AAE product product name ds.dev.a04 AAE category device category ds.dev.a05 AAE usage device usage ds.dev.a06 AAE description device description ds.dev.s01 ADE data_array device properties Continued on next page CC-BY-4.0 Jakob Harden 8 Technical description Table7 – continued from previous page Path Type Tag Description ds.mat struct_mat — substructure array ds.mat.d01 ADE material_id material id ds.mat.a01 AAE name material name ds.mat.a02 AAE vendor vendor name ds.mat.a03 AAE product product name ds.mat.a04 AAE category material category ds.mat.a05 AAE description material description ds.mat.a06 AAE storage_place material storage place ds.mat.a07 AAE storage_condition material storage condition ds.spm struct_spm_ref — substructure array ds.spm.r01 ARE author author reference ds.spm.r02 ARE material material reference ds.spm.r03 ARE device device reference ds.spm.r04 ARE location location reference ds.spm.d01 ADE specimen_id specimen id ds.spm.d02 ADE datetime date and time, seconds since epoch (UTC) ds.spm.a01 AAE specimen_code specimen code ds.spm.a02 AAE operator operator name ds.spm.a03 AAE procedure procedure description ds.spm.a04 AAE description general description ds.tst struct_test — substructure ds.tst.s04 struct_test_umd2 — substructure ds.tst.s04.r01 ARE author author reference ds.tst.s04.r02 ARE specimen specimen reference ds.tst.s04.r03 ARE device device reference ds.tst.s04.r04 ARE location location reference ds.tst.s04.d01 ADE datetime date and time, seconds since epoch (UTC) ds.tst.s04.d04 ADE specimen_thickness distance between actuator and sensor ds.tst.s04.a01 AAE testname test name ds.tst.s04.a02 AAE operator operator name Continued on next page CC-BY-4.0 Jakob Harden 9