D5.2 Initial preparatory report on the assessment of the replicability

This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon Europe research and innovation programme under grant agreement no 101057554. D5.2 Initial preparatory report on the assessment of the replicability. February 2025 Data driven implementation of hybrid nature-based solutions for preventing and managing diffuse pollution from urban water runoff Ref. Ares(2025)4439465 - 03/06/2025 2 D5.2 Initial preparatory report on the assessment of the replicability. Work Package WP5 Deliverable lead VCS Author(s) Jorge Rodriguez Hernandez (UC) Nicolas Morales Pereira (AQU) Andrea Camila Forero (AQU) Laura Roed Bonde (VCS) Contact [email protected] Grant Agreement number 101060638 Start date of the project / Duration 1 September 2022 / 42 months Type of deliverable (R, DEM, DEC, other) R Dissemination level (PU, SEN) PU Project website www.d4runoff.eu R=Document, report; DEM=Demonstrator, pilot, prototype; DEC=website, patent fillings, videos, etc.; OTHER=other PU=Public, SEN=Sensitive, limited under the conditions of the GA Document history Version Date Authors (organisation) 0.1 30.01.2025 Laura Roed Bonde (VCS) 0.2 20.02.2025 Jorge Rodriguez Hernandez (UC) Nicolas Morales Pereira (AQU) Andrea Camila Forero (AQU) 0.3 23.02.2025 Laura Roed Bonde (VCS) 1.0 24.02.2025 Susan Rosendal Bennetzen (MDS) 2.0 30.05.2025 AQU, VCS and UC address the PO’s comments regarding edition, description of the replication sites (section 2.1) and the collaboration conditions (section 2.3). 3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon Europe research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 101060638. COPYRIGHT STATEMENT The work described in this document has been conducted within the D4RUNOFF project. This document reflects only the D4RUNOFF Consortium views, and the European Union is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information it contains. This document and its content are the property of the D4RUNOFF Consortium. All rights relevant to this document are determined by the applicable laws. Access to this document does not grant any right or license on the document or its contents. This document or its contents are not to be used or treated in any manner inconsistent with the rights or interests of the D4RUNOFF Consortium or the Partners detriment and are not to be disclosed externally without prior written consent from the D4RUNOFF Partners. Each D4RUNOFF Partner may use this document in conformity with the D4RUNOFF Consortium Grant Agreement provisions. 4 Executive Summary A theoretical approximation on the effectiveness of the new approaches and techniques developed in D4RUNOFF will be elaborated to be applied in any EU/international scenario and tested in a series of replication sites. To spread D4RUNOFF conclusions, 5 replication sites were selected to theoretically assess the methodology. As a first step, a short checklist will determine if the basic conditions for exploring replicability on a site are met. Once this first step is fulfilled ongoing contact should be established with a representative or working group representing the main stakeholders in the site. A questionnaire of the data and information required to apply the methodology developed in D4RUNOFF (such as the MCDA methodology, online sensors, the application of the platform, etc.) will be created. Then the availability of the data necessary for the replication of D4RUNOFF activities will be evaluated at each replication site and will allow determining whether it is theoretically possible to propose replication. Specific data of the locations will be assessed (e.g., urban runoff characteristics, urban drainage solutions, etc.), delivering an overview of vision on the needed adaptations and future challenges to improve existing urban sanitation systems against diffuse pollution. Availability of data from specific catchments in the “replication sites” will be assessed with the cooperation of the water company’s water infrastructure and key stakeholders. The data will be obtained from their databases (e.g., geographical information and availability of existing NBS) and some direct measurements will be suggested to be done in the water company’s water infrastructure in the replication site, basically including water contaminants (e.g., CECs). With this information and at least one meeting (physical or virtual) with stakeholders of each replication site, the potential application of the D4RUNOFF technologies will be evaluated for each specific case. For example, deciding in which replication sites would be possible to introduce the new methodologies and sensors, selecting the locations according to the risk assessment, and the selection of the best hybrid solutions and their location, according to the MCDA outcomes. Then, it will also be elaborated how these conclusions could be scaled up at city level considering basic context information shared with the utilities in charge of the water infrastructure in the replication sites. Results included in D5.5 (replication assessment and conclusions) and D5.6 (recommendations on urban runoff management strategies for replication sites) If you are reading this public deliverable and you are interested in proposing any location as potential replication site for the D4RUNOFF project, please, contact us through our web page: https://d4runoff.eu/contact/ 5 Table of Contents 1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................ 6 1.1 Purpose of the document ....................................................................................... 6 1.1.1 Scope of the document ...................................................................................... 6 1.2 Structure of the document ...................................................................................... 6 1.3 Next step of the document ..................................................................................... 7 2 Main Actions for Replicability Assessment ................................................................ 8 2.1 Identification of potential replication sites ............................................................... 8 2.2 Description of the methodology for assessing replicability .....................................10 2.2.1 Phase 1: Preliminary Evaluation Checklist ........................................................10 2.2.2 Phase 2: Detailed Theoretical Assessment and Self-Assessment .....................11 2.2.3 Ranking of Replicability .....................................................................................12 2.3 Collaboration with local water companies and stakeholders ..................................13 3 Procedures and Tools for replication ........................................................................14 3.1 Overview of the procedures for replication ............................................................14 3.2 Tools and models to be applied ............................................................................16 3.3 Information needed ...............................................................................................17 4 Action Plan for Replication Assessment ...................................................................21 5 Conclusion ...................................................................................................................22 6 Acronyms.....................................................................................................................23 This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon Europe research and innovation programme under grant agreement no 101057554. 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Purpose of the document This document serves as an initial preparatory report for assessing the replicability of the methodologies and solutions developed in the D4RUNOFF project (WP1, WP2, WP3 and WP4) as final part of the Work Package 5 (WP5). The primary objective is to outline the steps and criteria required to determine whether these solutions can be implemented in other urban areas facing similar challenges related to urban runoff pollution. Specifically, this report aims to: • Define the basic conditions necessary for replicability. • Assess potential replication sites and key stakeholders. • Provide an overview of the methodologies and tools to be used. • Establish a framework for collaboration and data analysis. 1.1.1 Scope of the document The scope of this document includes an initial assessment of replication potential in various cities across Europe and internationally. The selected sites will undergo a theoretical evaluation based on predefined criteria to determine their suitability for implementing the D4RUNOFF approaches. The document provides: • A checklist for assessing baseline conditions at potential replication sites. • A methodology for evaluating replicability. • Guidelines for collaboration with local stakeholders. • A structured approach for data analysis. 1.2 Structure of the document This document is organized into several clearly defined sections to guide the reader through the replicability assessment process developed within the D4RUNOFF project. Following the Introduction—which outlines the purpose, scope, and context—the document is structured as follows: • Chapter 2: Main Actions for Replicability Assessment This chapter describes the key steps for evaluating replicability, including the identification of potential replication sites and the detailed methodology used for their assessment. It covers the preliminary checklist, the self-assessment process, and criteria for ranking sites. • Chapter 3: Procedures and Tools for Replication This section presents the technical and operational procedures required to replicate the project’s methodologies across different work packages (WP1, WP2, WP3, and WP4). It details the tools, protocols, and installation requirements needed for water quality analysis, monitoring system deployment, and data integration. 7 • Chapter 4: Action Plan for Replication Assessment Here, the document outlines the detailed steps, key stakeholders, timeline, and milestones for implementing the replicability assessment. This section provides the roadmap from initial data gathering to the final evaluation of each replication site. • Chapter 5: Conclusion The final chapter summarizes the planned actions, discusses the expected impacts of the replicability assessment, and offers recommendations for future work. Additional sections include References, Acronyms, and Annexes, which provide further supporting information and data definitions. 1.3 Next step of the document The next step in this document is to detail the main actions that will be undertaken for the replicability assessment. This includes: • Finalizing the identification and preliminary evaluation of potential replication sites. • Presenting the comprehensive methodology (as detailed in Chapter 2) to assess whether a site meets the minimum criteria for further evaluation. • Describing the specific procedures and tools (outlined in Chapter 3) that will be applied once a site is deemed suitable. • Outlining the action plan, including stakeholder engagement, data collection, and analysis strategies (as presented in Chapter 4). By following these steps, the document sets a clear roadmap for transitioning from theoretical assessment to practical implementation. The subsequent sections will build on the introductory framework to ensure that the replicability of D4RUNOFF methodologies is thoroughly evaluated and that potential future applications in various urban environments are well supported. 8 2 Main Actions for Replicability Assessment 2.1 Identification of potential replication sites A theoretical approximation on the effectiveness of the new approaches and techniques developed within D4RUNOFF in any EU/international scenario will be elaborated. This framework will be tested in a series of potential replication sites. Initially, five sites were proposed: • Pisa Sud (IT) • Algeciras (ES) • Ostrava (CZ) • Gdansk (PL) • El Cairo (EG) The selection of these initial locations was based on the following characteristics: Pisa Sud (IT) 1. Pisa is a city in La Toscana region in Italy. The elevation in the area ranges from a minimum of -4m to a maximum of 23m, with an average elevation of 3m. While the range between minimum and maximum elevation is 27m, the largest part (90%) of the area has an elevation of between 0m and 9m. 2. It’s a sewer system on the Pisan coastal area, as opposed to Pontedera which is located in the interior of the province of Pisa (Era river valley). Specifically, Pisa Sud region corresponds to the south part of Pisa from the river Arno, a flat area including the Pisa airport with a high level of impermeability and combined sewer system, in some areas from middle age. Local authorities are looking for hybrid solutions to improve the resilience of this part of the city facing rain events and the D4RUNOFF is interesting from different points of view, as for example the potential location of new NBS. 3. The served area is characterized by fluctuations in the pollutant load during the year, due to the presence of tourists in the summer months. The average precipitation in the area is 907mm per year, and there is a low variation throughout the year, with the wettest month receiving an average of 136mm (during months like October or November), and the driest month (July) receiving 25mm. The average temperature is 15 degrees Celcius, with a low variation throughout the year. 4. Soil textures of loam (85.4%), and clay loam (14.6%). 5. It’s a well-sectored sewer system, whose wastewater from the individual sectors is delivered to the WWTP through dedicated pumping stations. Algeciras (ES) 1. Algeciras is the biggest urban area in Campo de Gibraltar (Cádiz, Andalusia), Spain, with ~260,000 inhabitants, with a surface area approximately of 82 km2. The elevation in the area ranges from a minimum of -4m to a maximum of 114m, with an average elevation of 28m. While the range between minimum and maximum elevation is 118m, the largest part (90%) of the area has an elevation of between 2m and 77m. 2. The site is already involved in the H2020 Nice Project (https://nice-nbs.eu) where an urban Real Lab is located within the Port of Algeciras. This location is proposed within 9 the context of the 'Lago Maritimo' project, a broader plan that includes several actions to regenerate the environment of the bay and reclaim this urban area for use by citizens of Algeciras. NBS have been built in the city within the framework of NICE project, treating stormwater. 3. Algeciras has a Mediterranean climate. The average precipitation in the area is 777mm per year, and there is a very high variation throughout the year, with the wettest month receiving an average of 146mm (during the winter months like December), and the driest months during summer receiving 1mm. However, there are some storms during summer and autumn that result in abundant runoff from the city into the port area. This results in occasional pollution in the port area during rainy periods. 4. Most of the land area is occupied by urban areas with a corverage of 38,6% approximately, 3,5% Cropland (rainfed) and 3% of herbaceous area and the soil composition in Algeciras is mostly loamy, a type of soil with a balanced combination of sand, silt and clay, giving it a medium texture and good water retention and drainage capacity. Soil textures of loam (56.0%), and clay loam (43.6%). Ostrava (CZ) 1. Ostrava is a medium-size city with 313,000 inhabitants. With a total urban area of 214.23 km² the elevation in the area ranges from a minimum of 195m to a maximum of 337m, with an average elevation of 238m. While the range between minimum and maximum elevation is 142m, the largest part (90%) of the area has an elevation of between 205m and 284m. 2. Its continental weather will allow assessing CSO under seasonally changing temperatures (average T in winter <0ºC, average T in summer ~20 ºC). The average temperature is 9 degrees Celcius, with a low variation throughout the year. The average precipitation in the area is 684mm per year, and there is a low variation throughout the year, with the wettest month receiving an average of 98mm and the driest month receiving 28mm. 3. Soil textures of loam (90.2%), silt loam (8.5%), and sandy loam (1.3%). 4. Ostrava has invested in the Poodří Protected Landscape Area and the alluvial meadows that help protect the city from floods. Gdansk (PL) 1. Gdansk is a medium-sized city with ~462,000 inhabitants located on the Baltic coast of northern Poland. The elevation in the area ranges from a minimum of -8m to a maximum of 201m, with an average elevation of 64m. While the range between minimum and maximum elevation is 209m, the largest part (90%) of the area has an elevation of between -1m and 155m. 2. The site is already involved in the H2020 Nice Project (https://nice-nbs.eu) and there are existing stormwater treatment systems of 5 m3/d with rain gardens. 3. Its cold Baltic climate (with temperatures that can drop under -20 ºC), sporadic heavy rain and flooding in summer can be a chance for assessing stormwater treatment under difficult conditions. The average precipitation in the area is 643mm per year, and there is a low variation throughout the year, with the wettest month receiving an average of 77mm, and the driest month receiving 31mm. The average temperature is 8 degrees Celcius, with a low variation throughout the year. 4. Soil textures of sandy loam (71.2%), and loam (28.1%) El Cairo (EG) 16 • Basic Requirements: o Knowledge of decision-making procedures regarding the integration or planning of NBS in urban planning and maintenance. These procedures must be stable enough to be described using a formal process notation (BPMN). o Awareness of all entities involved in managing polluting factors with potential environmental or health impacts. In particular, conditions and procedures for adding new observations or candidate contaminants to observation lists must be clear. o Understanding of the political and administrative processes necessary for introducing experimental pilot regulations for emerging contaminants management through NBS. • An experimenter (policy analyst, policy maker, or policy stakeholder) using the policymaking module may then introduce interventions, with the reasonability of these interventions depending on the experimenter’s knowledge and objectives. Supporting Activities for Group 1: 1. Develop supporting information and models. 2. Assess the data required for the platform to operate by: o Evaluating available GIS information. o Assessing real-time data sources. o Evaluating water quality data for detecting CECs and new pollutants. o Examining publicly available climate models. Before implementing any of the above procedures and tools, it is imperative that the potential replication site first undergo a requirements checklist evaluation as described in Section 2.2. This ensures that only sites with the necessary foundational information are further considered, thereby preventing the unnecessary application of advanced tools on sites that do not meet the basic criteria. 3.2 Tools and models to be applied The D4RUNOFF platform developed in the WP4 is the main output to consider in this section. The tools and models to be applied for the replication of the AI-Assisted Platform in new locations rely, first, on the assessment of the data required, which is further explained in 3.3 Data integration and analysis methods. Then, once required data is identified and evaluated, the following requirements are determined for each submodule of the system: − Data gathering and calculation engine modules: the AI-Assisted platform includes two types of functionalities designed to help with data integration. Each of them has specific requirements o Manual data transfer: relying on specific templates, the information shall be transformed and later uploaded using the existing functionalities. o Automatic data transfer: they involve the configuration of the connection details for the selected protocol, such as MQTT. − Operational and strategic module 17 o NBS positioning and NBS guidance: they shall be updated into the platform when NBS library, MCDA criteria and NBS designs are adapted with respect to those developed in WP3. o NBS effectiveness: their replication includes performing simulations outside the platform adapted to the new scenario. Thus, the replication effort might be remarkable. o Artificial intelligence: they depend on the amount and quality of the available data. Since typical tasks involved (such as data cleaning and analysis) demand a notable amount of time, the replication effort in this case is expected to be significant. o NBS monitoring: all the sensors available shall be classified and ordered according to their hierarchy in the whole system. This typically involves determining their location and dependencies across the system to create groups (for instance, sensors available at a certain pumping station) that eases the understanding of their location and relevance in the network. - Risk assessment module: The risk assessment methodology underlying the Risk Assessment Module is designed to flexibly generate runoff pollution risk maps in different urban locations, provided that a required set of input data is available. If the minimal set of inputs, described below within 3.3 Data integration and analysis methods, are available for the replication sites, risk assessment maps can be generated and seamlessly integrated into the platform for visualization and analysis, extending its applicability beyond the initial implementation case studies. - Social module: o Serious Game: towards its replication, it is envisaged that the main requirement to perform the replication can be derived from existing information on the sewer system (base map, potential areas for NBS, etc.). This data should be adapted to create a new deployment of the game for a new location. 3.3 Information needed Regarding the WP4, to successfully replicate the AI-Assisted platform in other locations, the evaluation of the subsequent type of information is required: − Evaluation of GIS information available: o Examine the GIS layers of the drainage and sewer network elements (e.g. pipes, manholes, pumping stations, NBS…). They shall contain at least the required fields in the data model of the platform. They shall be mapped to this data model to ensure that they are named according to the platform conventions. o Identify GIS services providers (such as Geographic Institutes) that furnish contextual information: such as Digital Elevation Model, Aerial Images or Land uses. The preferred format is WMS (Web Map Service) standard. o With regards to the Risk assessment module, the minimal set of inputs needed for replicability includes topographic data with a minimum resolution of 250m (or finer), and land cover classification at a minimum resolution of 250m (or finer). Crucially, the land cover data must include classifications for urban surfaces, distinguishing at least between roads and buildings, as widely used open datasets like Corine Land Cover do not meet this requirement − Assessment of real-time data sources: 18 o Identify weather providers in the area, specifically evaluating the parameters they provide at least, rainfall data; and how it will be sent to the AI-Assisted platform and its sampling frequency. o Evaluate the protocols for data transferring of the available sensors: to integrate their measurements into the platform, their protocols shall be identified. Preferably, these options shall be available MQTT or API REST. − Evaluation of water quality for the detection of CECs and new pollutants: o Examine the information available from existing characterization (e.g. LIMS data, sampling campaigns, pollutants…) o Determine the structure of this available information and the location of the sampling points (if relevant) o Transform the available information to the format provided by the AI-Assisted Platform to upload information from offline sources. - Examination of publicly available climate models: Rainfall data for both historical and future scenarios can be sourced from openly available global climate models such as ERA5 and the CMIP6 ensemble (see D1.5 for further details). For the replication of the NBS location tool developed in WP3 and integrated in the platform in the WP4, the following information is needed: • Study area. Shapefile representing the envelope of the city to analyse. It can be defined by the administrative area or simply by a rectangle envelope. In any case, it is recommendable to add a security buffer around the study area. Allowed formats: shapefile. • Digital terrain model, which represents the bare ground topographic surface of the study area, excluding trees, buildings, and other surface objects. Allowed formats: any raster format supported by Arcgis Pro, preferable ASC (one file). • Open Street Map datasets following Geofabrik structure. It is necessary to check data availability for cities not initially included in the D4RUNOFF project (see limitations at the end of this document). Geofabrik data comprise the following layers: − LandUse (gis_osm_landuse_a_free_1.shp), describing the human use of an area of land, such as housing, commercial activities, farming, etc. It is composed of large uninterrupted areas, defining for example, residential uses, and detailed zones, as parks or industrial zones, that can be overlapped. Furthermore, depending on the zone, land use may not cover the study area extension, so it should be considered when analysing results. The layer should include classification information (fclass field), to carry out selections. Regarding this: o Those polygons tagged as park, grass, farmland, forest, orchad, meadow, nature_reserve, allotments, recreation_ground, heath and scrub are catalogued as “green areas”. o Those polygons tagged as residential, commercial and retail are catalogued as “residential and comercial”. o Those polygons tagged as industrial are catalogued as “industrial”. − Buildings (gis_osm_buildings_a_free_1.shp), including all buildings, both public and private. 19 − Roads (gis_osm_roads_free_1.shp), describing route or ways which connect locations. They are tagged as roads and tracks, also subclassifying them into categories, and pedestrianized paths. The layer should include classification information (fclass field). Regarding subsets: o Main roads are selected from lines tagged as primary, secondary, tertiary and trunks (also including link layers) o Urban roads are selected from lines tagged as residential, living_street or service. o Motorways are selected from lines tagged as motorways or unclassified. o Pedestrian paths are selected from lines tagged as footway, path, step, and pedestrian. − Water bodies (gis_osm_water_a_free_1.shp). The layer can be used as it is and represents different bodies of water, as lakes, harbours, large rivers or existing wetlands. − Traffic (gis_osm_traffic_a_free_1.shp and gis_osm_traffic_free_1.shp), defining multiple features related to traffic. The layer should include classification information (fclass field). Regarding selections, the following subsets are created: o Crossings, defined as places where streets are crossed by pedestrians or railways. o Parkings, defined as places to park cars, from features tagged as parking. − Transportation (gis_osm_transport_free_1.shp), which defines transportation areas. For this project, elements tagged as bus stops are selected. The full dataset is available from the OpenStreetMap website download, but it needs to be processed. It should be noted, however, that separate processed shapefiles may be downloaded from Geofabrik's website. The format used by Geofabrik is detailed in the annexed document “Geofabrik_OSM_Data_definition.pdf” Source OSM: https://planet.openstreetmap.org Source processed data: https://www.geofabrik.de Allowed formats: shapefile. Analogue data can be used, taking into account that features should be tagged using a text field class named “fclass”. • Water table depth raster (representing the mean of the upper surface of the zone of water saturation). The data used in this project was obtained from the Thredds catalog from the Group of Nonlinear Physics (University of Santiago the Compostela), although any raster file including the water height in m as raster value can be used. Source: http://thredds-gfnl.usc.es/thredds/catalog/catalog.html Allowed formats: any raster format supported by Arcgis Pro (one file). 20 • Soil map of global hydraulic properties. For Europe it was obtained from HiHydroSoil v2.0[1], a global map with a spatial resolution of 1 km of soil hydraulic properties. The hydrologic group is designated as A, B, C or D, which indicates the amount of runoff to be expected from the soil when saturated. The raster can present the following values: − 1. A (low runoff potential when thoroughly wet) water transmitted freely. − 2. B (moderately low runoff when thoroughly wet) transmission unimpeded. − 3. C (moderately high runoff when thoroughly wet) transmission somewhat restricted. − 4. D (High runoff potential when thoroughly wet) water movement restricted. − 14. A/D Dual hydrologic group soils with 60cm from surface. First letter drained condition, second undrained condition. − 24. B/D Dual hydrologic group soils with 60cm from surface. First letter drained condition, second undrained condition. − C/D Dual hydrologic group soils with 60cm from surface. First letter drained condition, second undrained condition. Although this raster is the main source for the results presented in this document, any raster file with analogue data and same structure can be used. Source: https://www.futurewater.eu/projects/hihydrosoil/ Allowed formats: any raster format supported by Arcgis Pro (one file). • Sanitation network. Shapefile of the sewerage network infrastructure represented by lines. Allowed formats: shapefile. Along with the input data, it is necessary to set specific settings: • Coordinate system. All data should have an assigned reference system. The model will project all data to a common reference system that can be introduced by the user. • The different models create intermediate data that should be stored in a file geodatabase in gdb format. Its path should be also introduced by the user. • The final products are created in open format (TIF format, 1 band), and are stored in a folder specified by the user. Technical limitations: • The DTM resolution limits the final maps, due to the fact that some elements, such as sidewalks, may be smaller than the pixel size and there may be partial rasterization. • Results are limited by data definition and reliability present in OSM layers for each city, as well as the coarse resolution of water table and soil map data. • Sidewalk and road widths are estimated using a geoprocessing module that applies buffer operations that can be customized by the user. • Each NBS map may present isolated cells, that can be deleted by applying iteratively majority filter or boundary clean operations if desired. Those techniques with distance to sewerage network condition are strongly limited by the input data, due to that layer extension. 21 4 Action Plan for Replication Assessment Following this initial preparatory report, the next steps will focus on refining the replicability assessment and trying that the methodologies developed in D4RUNOFF can be effectively applied in selected replication sites, proving the replicability and potential future application in other places. The key next steps include: • Finalizing the selection of replication sites o Confirming stakeholder engagement in each potential replication site. o Validating data availability and alignment with project objectives. • Developing a detailed implementation strategy o Refining the replicability assessment framework based on feedback from stakeholders. o Establishing clear criteria for evaluating site suitability. • Strengthening collaboration with local stakeholders o Organizing workshops and meetings to ensure alignment between project goals and local needs. o Enhancing communication channels between research teams and local authorities. • Data analysis and integration o Implementing standardized data analysis. o Ensuring compatibility with the tools and models developed within D4RUNOFF. • Preparation of upcoming deliverables o D5.5: Replication assessment and conclusions. o D5.6: Recommendations on urban runoff management strategies for replication sites. These steps will ensure a smooth transition from theoretical assessment to practical implementation after finishing the project, facilitating the successful replication of D4RUNOFF methodologies in different urban environments in the future. 22 5 Conclusion This document presents a comprehensive framework and methodology for assessing the replicability of the approaches and solutions developed in the D4RUNOFF project. Through a combination of an initial requirements checklist, a detailed theoretical assessment, and a self-assessment process, we have defined the essential criteria that potential replication sites must meet. Key activities include: • Identification of Potential Replication Sites: The selection is based on specific characteristics of the initially proposed locations, as well as additional candidates identified through ongoing discussions. Each site will be evaluated to determine its feasibility for replication. • Data Collection and Evaluation: Emphasis is placed on gathering and assessing existing data—such as urban runoff characteristics, GIS information, and other relevant parameters—to establish a solid foundation for site evaluation. • Technical Procedures and Tools: The document outlines the technical requirements and procedures for replicating methodologies from WP1 through WP4, including laboratory analyses, monitoring system deployment, NBS adaptation, and the implementation of an AI-assisted platform. • Establishing Local Collaborations: Forming working groups and engaging relevant stakeholders ensures local ownership and the adaptation of project methodologies to the specific conditions of each replication site. A detailed timeline with clearly defined milestones has been established to guide the implementation process. Key milestones include completing the initial evaluation, establishing local partnerships, executing pilot projects, and performing the final assessment of replicability. This structured approach enables continuous monitoring and adjustments to ensure that project objectives are achieved within the designated timeframes. Overall, this report lays the foundation for a sustainable, data-driven implementation of hybrid nature-based solutions for managing urban runoff and diffuse pollution. The methodologies and procedures described herein pave the way for scaling up these solutions to new urban environments, contributing to a more efficient and future-proof management of environmental challenges. 23 6 Acronyms NBS: Nature-Based Solutions. MCDA: Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis. HRMS: High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry. NTS: Non-Target Screening. WP: Work Package (e.g., WP1, WP2, WP3, WP4, WP5). GIS: Geographic Information System. WMS: Web Map Service. MQTT: Message Queuing Telemetry Transport. API: Application Programming Interface. DTM: Digital Terrain Model. OSM: OpenStreetMap. BPMN: Business Process Model and Notation. CEC(s): Contaminants of Emerging Concern.