Chlorophyll-a Mapping and Prediction in the Mar Menor Lagoon Using C2RCC-Processed Sentinel 2 Imagery

1 Supplementary Material for: Chlorophyll-a Mapping and Prediction in the Mar Menor Lagoon Using C2RCC-Processed Sentinel 2 Imagery Antonio Mart´ ınez-Ibarra∗† , Aurora Gonz´ alez-Vidal∗, Adri´ an C´ anovas-Rodr´ ıguez∗, and Antonio F. Skarmeta∗,Member, IEEE TRAIN AND TEST METRICS The main manuscript only contains metrics for the test set. In this section results both test and train are shown. Train metrics are the value of the metric ±standard deviation computed from 5 folds. ∗Department of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Murcia, Murcia, 30100, Spain. †Corresponding author. Email: [email protected] This work is supported by project NEREIDAS TSI-100120-2024-13 funded by EU NextGenerationEU (PRTR). The study is also supported by grant RYC2023-043553-I , funded by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and ESF++ and by the HORIZON-MSCA-2021-SE-01-01 project Cloudstars (g.a. 101086248). TABLE I: Test R2for depth 0-1 meters Model CAT ELN ENS KNN LBM LR MLP RF SVR XGB C2X-Complex rhow 9x9 depth in 0 1 0.88 0.68 0.89 0.76 0.87 0.65 0.78 0.82 0.74 0.89 C2X-Complex rhown 9x9 depth in 0 1 0.86 0.70 0.86 0.78 0.85 0.65 0.82 0.80 0.74 0.84 C2RCC rhow 5x5 depth in 0 1 0.80 0.64 0.82 0.85 0.76 0.43 0.79 0.75 0.71 0.81 C2X-Complex rhow 15x15 depth in 0 1 0.82 0.68 0.84 0.85 0.81 0.68 0.78 0.79 0.72 0.81 TOA 15x15 depth in 0 1 0.68 0.56 0.85 0.85 0.61 0.51 0.69 0.49 0.34 0.61 C2RCC rhow 15x15 depth in 0 1 0.77 0.58 0.84 0.84 0.71 0.61 0.77 0.76 0.70 0.78 C2RCC rhown 5x5 depth in 0 1 0.82 0.64 0.84 0.82 0.80 0.50 0.81 0.78 0.71 0.84 C2X-Complex rhow 5x5 depth in 0 1 0.84 0.53 0.76 0.77 0.84 -0.11 0.74 0.80 0.72 0.84 C2RCC rhow 9x9 depth in 0 1 0.81 0.67 0.80 0.79 0.80 0.65 0.74 0.76 0.72 0.83 C2X-Complex rhown 15x15 depth in 0 1 0.77 0.67 0.79 0.81 0.73 0.64 0.73 0.73 0.71 0.77 TABLE II: Test RMSE for depth 0-1 meters Model CAT ELN ENS KNN LBM LR MLP RF SVR XGB C2X-Complex rhow 9x9 depth in 0 1 1.51 2.45 1.43 2.10 1.58 2.56 2.00 1.82 2.18 1.41 C2X-Complex rhown 9x9 depth in 0 1 1.63 2.35 1.62 2.00 1.67 2.56 1.81 1.93 2.19 1.70 TOA 15x15 depth in 0 1 2.42 2.82 1.63 1.66 2.67 2.99 2.39 3.06 3.48 2.68 C2RCC rhow 5x5 depth in 0 1 1.93 2.57 1.81 1.68 2.09 3.24 1.97 2.14 2.33 1.86 C2X-Complex rhow 15x15 depth in 0 1 1.80 2.42 1.71 1.68 1.85 2.43 2.02 1.96 2.28 1.86 C2RCC rhown 5x5 depth in 0 1 1.84 2.57 1.73 1.82 1.94 3.05 1.86 2.03 2.31 1.70 C2X-Complex rhow 5x5 depth in 0 1 1.73 2.95 2.09 2.05 1.70 4.53 2.20 1.94 2.26 1.72 C2RCC rhow 15x15 depth in 0 1 2.05 2.79 1.73 1.73 2.33 2.69 2.07 2.12 2.36 1.99 C2RCC rhow 9x9 depth in 0 1 1.88 2.47 1.92 1.98 1.93 2.54 2.19 2.08 2.29 1.79 C2X-Complex rhown 15x15 depth in 0 1 2.05 2.47 1.97 1.88 2.23 2.59 2.21 2.22 2.30 2.07 2 TABLE III: Train R2for depth 0-1 meters Model CAT ELN ENS KNN LBM LR MLP RF SVR XGB C2RCC rhow 9x9 depth in 0 1 0.76 ± 0.08 0.58 ± 0.09 0.71 ± 0.10 0.76 ± 0.14 0.63 ± 0.09 0.55 ± 0.10 0.59 ± 0.24 0.67 ± 0.08 0.72 ± 0.06 0.71 ± 0.08 C2RCC rhow 5x5 depth in 0 1 0.74 ± 0.08 0.59 ± 0.11 0.61 ± 0.15 0.74 ± 0.08 0.69 ± 0.14 0.55 ± 0.16 0.76 ± 0.05 0.67 ± 0.09 0.73 ± 0.04 0.71 ± 0.08 C2RCC rhown 5x5 depth in 0 1 0.75 ± 0.09 0.59 ± 0.12 0.64 ± 0.08 0.73 ± 0.08 0.73 ± 0.09 0.54 ± 0.21 0.66 ± 0.12 0.67 ± 0.05 0.73 ± 0.03 0.74 ± 0.08 C2X-Complex rhow 15x15 depth in 0 1 0.74 ± 0.13 0.58 ± 0.11 0.73 ± 0.09 0.70 ± 0.11 0.69 ± 0.12 0.05 ± 0.95 0.69 ± 0.17 0.63 ± 0.13 0.70 ± 0.14 0.69 ± 0.12 C2X-Complex rhown 15x15 depth in 0 1 0.74 ± 0.11 0.59 ± 0.12 0.63 ± 0.11 0.71 ± 0.10 0.67 ± 0.11 0.54 ± 0.16 0.61 ± 0.18 0.64 ± 0.13 0.68 ± 0.13 0.69 ± 0.12 TOA 15x15 depth in 0 1 0.68 ± 0.15 0.49 ± 0.10 0.72 ± 0.10 0.73 ± 0.11 0.59 ± 0.11 0.30 ± 0.26 0.51 ± 0.14 0.67 ± 0.13 0.34 ± 0.03 0.65 ± 0.09 C2RCC rhow 15x15 depth in 0 1 0.70 ± 0.16 0.51 ± 0.11 0.61 ± 0.19 0.72 ± 0.08 0.57 ± 0.28 0.25 ± 0.81 0.67 ± 0.22 0.61 ± 0.22 0.68 ± 0.11 0.63 ± 0.20 C2X-Complex rhow 9x9 depth in 0 1 0.71 ± 0.09 0.48 ± 0.15 0.65 ± 0.10 0.61 ± 0.12 0.63 ± 0.10 0.40 ± 0.32 0.63 ± 0.13 0.60 ± 0.15 0.67 ± 0.10 0.66 ± 0.09 C2X-Complex rhown 9x9 depth in 0 1 0.69 ± 0.10 0.53 ± 0.11 0.65 ± 0.13 0.63 ± 0.13 0.52 ± 0.25 0.42 ± 0.27 0.67 ± 0.14 0.54 ± 0.19 0.68 ± 0.08 0.59 ± 0.18 C2X-Complex rhow 5x5 depth in 0 1 0.66 ± 0.11 0.49 ± 0.17 0.65 ± 0.14 0.66 ± 0.12 0.52 ± 0.17 0.38 ± 0.19 0.63 ± 0.13 0.55 ± 0.17 0.68 ± 0.08 0.52 ± 0.21 TABLE IV: Train RMSE for depth 0-1 meters Model CAT ELN ENS KNN LBM LR MLP RF SVR XGB C2RCC rhow 9x9 depth in 0 1 1.78 ± 0.44 2.35 ± 0.35 1.96 ± 0.44 1.74 ± 0.61 2.20 ± 0.45 2.43 ± 0.34 2.28 ± 0.74 2.08 ± 0.38 1.92 ± 0.39 1.96 ± 0.44 C2RCC rhow 5x5 depth in 0 1 1.86 ± 0.46 2.31 ± 0.32 2.23 ± 0.47 1.82 ± 0.30 2.01 ± 0.59 2.39 ± 0.38 1.79 ± 0.36 2.09 ± 0.39 1.89 ± 0.28 1.95 ± 0.46 C2X-Complex rhow 15x15 depth in 0 1 1.82 ± 0.64 2.35 ± 0.53 1.86 ± 0.49 1.98 ± 0.58 2.02 ± 0.59 3.24 ± 1.65 2.00 ± 0.68 2.20 ± 0.63 1.97 ± 0.67 2.03 ± 0.60 C2RCC rhown 5x5 depth in 0 1 1.83 ± 0.49 2.30 ± 0.34 2.17 ± 0.40 1.87 ± 0.27 1.89 ± 0.51 2.42 ± 0.52 2.08 ± 0.42 2.10 ± 0.29 1.91 ± 0.25 1.85 ± 0.47 C2X-Complex rhown 15x15 depth in 0 1 1.83 ± 0.58 2.31 ± 0.56 2.19 ± 0.55 1.93 ± 0.55 2.06 ± 0.58 2.45 ± 0.64 2.25 ± 0.73 2.19 ± 0.64 2.01 ± 0.62 2.01 ± 0.62 TOA 15x15 depth in 0 1 1.98 ± 0.49 2.59 ± 0.44 1.86 ± 0.31 1.84 ± 0.44 2.27 ± 0.09 2.95 ± 0.44 2.50 ± 0.31 2.01 ± 0.41 2.97 ± 0.46 2.11 ± 0.20 C2RCC rhow 15x15 depth in 0 1 1.92 ± 0.69 2.53 ± 0.52 2.19 ± 0.69 1.91 ± 0.44 2.28 ± 0.91 2.84 ± 1.50 2.00 ± 0.73 2.21 ± 0.80 2.06 ± 0.56 2.14 ± 0.81 C2X-Complex rhow 9x9 depth in 0 1 1.96 ± 0.37 2.61 ± 0.46 2.14 ± 0.30 2.25 ± 0.51 2.20 ± 0.38 2.74 ± 0.70 2.16 ± 0.33 2.28 ± 0.47 2.09 ± 0.48 2.10 ± 0.34 C2X-Complex rhown 9x9 depth in 0 1 2.03 ± 0.49 2.49 ± 0.42 2.12 ± 0.52 2.19 ± 0.44 2.47 ± 0.65 2.69 ± 0.62 2.07 ± 0.51 2.43 ± 0.57 2.07 ± 0.46 2.29 ± 0.58 C2X-Complex rhow 5x5 depth in 0 1 2.10 ± 0.44 2.58 ± 0.56 2.09 ± 0.37 2.11 ± 0.49 2.49 ± 0.57 2.85 ± 0.55 2.16 ± 0.30 2.41 ± 0.55 2.05 ± 0.42 2.46 ± 0.64 TABLE V: Test R2for depth 1-2 meters Model CAT ELN ENS KNN LBM LR MLP RF SVR XGB C2X-Complex rhow 5x5 depth in 1 2 0.86 0.60 0.87 0.77 0.82 0.71 0.76 0.73 0.86 0.83 C2X-Complex rhow 9x9 depth in 1 2 0.86 0.55 0.84 0.76 0.80 0.53 0.66 0.79 0.83 0.83 C2X-Complex rhown 5x5 depth in 1 2 0.86 0.63 0.86 0.78 0.80 0.71 0.74 0.71 0.86 0.78 C2X rhow 3x3 depth in 1 2 0.82 0.71 0.62 0.75 0.84 0.67 0.75 0.77 0.63 0.83 C2X-Complex rhow 3x3 depth in 1 2 0.80 0.56 0.80 0.79 0.76 0.54 0.72 0.69 0.83 0.77 C2X-Complex rhown 3x3 depth in 1 2 0.82 0.59 0.83 0.75 0.74 0.67 0.74 0.70 0.78 0.77 C2X-Complex rhown 9x9 depth in 1 2 0.81 0.59 0.79 0.77 0.71 0.48 0.76 0.70 0.83 0.73 C2RCC rhown 3x3 depth in 1 2 0.81 0.60 0.81 0.81 0.76 0.62 0.79 0.58 0.78 0.76 C2X-Complex rhow 15x15 depth in 1 2 0.81 0.65 0.70 0.74 0.81 -0.44 0.75 0.80 0.77 0.78 C2X rhow 5x5 depth in 1 2 0.80 0.72 0.64 0.74 0.79 0.72 0.65 0.68 0.66 0.81 TABLE VI: Test RMSE for depth 1-2 meters Model CAT ELN ENS KNN LBM LR MLP RF SVR XGB C2X-Complex rhow 5x5 depth in 1 2 1.60 2.70 1.53 2.05 1.82 2.28 2.09 2.20 1.62 1.75 C2X-Complex rhown 5x5 depth in 1 2 1.58 2.59 1.62 1.98 1.90 2.31 2.17 2.28 1.59 1.99 C2X-Complex rhow 9x9 depth in 1 2 1.61 2.85 1.70 2.10 1.92 2.91 2.50 1.97 1.75 1.75 C2X rhow 3x3 depth in 1 2 1.78 2.29 2.62 2.11 1.69 2.43 2.12 2.02 2.57 1.76 C2X-Complex rhown 9x9 depth in 1 2 1.85 2.72 1.94 2.05 2.28 3.06 2.08 2.33 1.75 2.22 C2X-Complex rhow 3x3 depth in 1 2 1.93 2.81 1.92 1.97 2.09 2.87 2.26 2.35 1.76 2.06 C2X-Complex rhown 3x3 depth in 1 2 1.81 2.72 1.76 2.11 2.18 2.45 2.18 2.31 1.98 2.05 C2RCC rhown 3x3 depth in 1 2 1.86 2.69 1.83 1.86 2.10 2.62 1.97 2.75 2.00 2.06 C2X-Complex rhow 15x15 depth in 1 2 1.84 2.52 2.34 2.15 1.84 5.11 2.12 1.89 2.05 2.01 C2X rhow 5x5 depth in 1 2 1.88 2.25 2.55 2.16 1.97 2.26 2.51 2.40 2.23 1.85 TABLE VII: Train R2for depth 1-2 meters Model CAT ELN ENS KNN LBM LR MLP RF SVR XGB C2X-Complex rhow 15x15 depth in 1 2 0.68 ± 0.14 0.56 ± 0.24 0.69 ± 0.14 0.71 ± 0.14 0.59 ± 0.12 0.51 ± 0.23 0.69 ± 0.11 0.57 ± 0.19 0.75 ± 0.05 0.60 ± 0.18 C2X-Complex rhown 9x9 depth in 1 2 0.67 ± 0.05 0.59 ± 0.08 0.67 ± 0.08 0.65 ± 0.05 0.67 ± 0.11 0.36 ± 0.43 0.59 ± 0.16 0.64 ± 0.08 0.72 ± 0.06 0.68 ± 0.10 C2X-Complex rhow 9x9 depth in 1 2 0.69 ± 0.02 0.58 ± 0.08 0.67 ± 0.09 0.61 ± 0.06 0.65 ± 0.09 0.36 ± 0.32 0.59 ± 0.11 0.61 ± 0.09 0.71 ± 0.07 0.67 ± 0.09 C2RCC rhown 3x3 depth in 1 2 0.66 ± 0.06 0.55 ± 0.10 0.56 ± 0.14 0.67 ± 0.04 0.47 ± 0.27 0.35 ± 0.38 0.70 ± 0.06 0.55 ± 0.09 0.67 ± 0.15 0.57 ± 0.08 C2X-Complex rhow 5x5 depth in 1 2 0.63 ± 0.07 0.47 ± 0.22 0.59 ± 0.07 0.63 ± 0.12 0.60 ± 0.10 -0.06 ± 0.84 0.59 ± 0.04 0.51 ± 0.14 0.69 ± 0.07 0.59 ± 0.14 C2X-Complex rhown 3x3 depth in 1 2 0.67 ± 0.06 0.42 ± 0.29 0.57 ± 0.14 0.59 ± 0.13 0.55 ± 0.05 -0.57 ± 2.27 0.60 ± 0.15 0.56 ± 0.08 0.58 ± 0.21 0.64 ± 0.06 C2X-Complex rhown 5x5 depth in 1 2 0.61 ± 0.09 0.48 ± 0.21 0.54 ± 0.10 0.60 ± 0.12 0.51 ± 0.18 -0.61 ± 1.73 0.61 ± 0.08 0.51 ± 0.13 0.67 ± 0.06 0.57 ± 0.12 C2X-Complex rhow 3x3 depth in 1 2 0.66 ± 0.09 0.45 ± 0.23 0.56 ± 0.07 0.59 ± 0.12 0.60 ± 0.08 -0.23 ± 1.59 0.61 ± 0.08 0.61 ± 0.10 0.61 ± 0.15 0.63 ± 0.13 C2X rhow 5x5 depth in 1 2 0.52 ± 0.08 0.49 ± 0.18 0.43 ± 0.09 0.57 ± 0.10 0.39 ± 0.23 0.05 ± 0.84 0.54 ± 0.09 0.47 ± 0.08 0.59 ± 0.07 0.41 ± 0.10 C2X rhow 3x3 depth in 1 2 0.50 ± 0.10 0.51 ± 0.18 0.48 ± 0.16 0.52 ± 0.13 0.39 ± 0.09 0.30 ± 0.27 0.53 ± 0.10 0.49 ± 0.10 0.56 ± 0.10 0.46 ± 0.10 3 TABLE VIII: Train RMSE for depth 1-2 meters Model CAT ELN ENS KNN LBM LR MLP RF SVR XGB C2X-Complex rhow 15x15 depth in 1 2 1.98 ± 0.44 2.26 ± 0.45 1.96 ± 0.36 1.86 ± 0.43 2.26 ± 0.30 2.52 ± 0.81 1.98 ± 0.37 2.23 ± 0.32 1.85 ± 0.45 2.17 ± 0.39 C2X-Complex rhown 9x9 depth in 1 2 2.14 ± 0.42 2.39 ± 0.36 2.12 ± 0.31 2.20 ± 0.39 2.13 ± 0.48 2.76 ± 0.54 2.30 ± 0.22 2.24 ± 0.47 1.95 ± 0.25 2.11 ± 0.53 C2X-Complex rhow 9x9 depth in 1 2 2.10 ± 0.35 2.40 ± 0.37 2.13 ± 0.34 2.32 ± 0.30 2.18 ± 0.41 2.82 ± 0.35 2.34 ± 0.24 2.32 ± 0.49 1.98 ± 0.29 2.16 ± 0.53 C2RCC rhown 3x3 depth in 1 2 2.16 ± 0.27 2.46 ± 0.21 2.40 ± 0.27 2.12 ± 0.25 2.59 ± 0.39 2.83 ± 0.77 2.03 ± 0.18 2.49 ± 0.44 2.05 ± 0.35 2.41 ± 0.27 C2X-Complex rhow 5x5 depth in 1 2 2.28 ± 0.41 2.71 ± 0.70 2.38 ± 0.29 2.24 ± 0.44 2.34 ± 0.38 3.45 ± 0.90 2.41 ± 0.38 2.58 ± 0.48 2.05 ± 0.28 2.34 ± 0.49 C2X-Complex rhown 5x5 depth in 1 2 2.32 ± 0.48 2.66 ± 0.68 2.49 ± 0.22 2.33 ± 0.40 2.55 ± 0.57 3.97 ± 1.55 2.30 ± 0.26 2.59 ± 0.53 2.13 ± 0.26 2.40 ± 0.45 C2X-Complex rhown 3x3 depth in 1 2 2.13 ± 0.29 2.80 ± 0.79 2.39 ± 0.37 2.37 ± 0.41 2.51 ± 0.41 3.55 ± 2.01 2.29 ± 0.35 2.46 ± 0.44 2.31 ± 0.37 2.25 ± 0.37 C2X-Complex rhow 3x3 depth in 1 2 2.13 ± 0.30 2.75 ± 0.70 2.46 ± 0.35 2.36 ± 0.42 2.35 ± 0.35 3.32 ± 1.63 2.30 ± 0.33 2.30 ± 0.45 2.26 ± 0.43 2.22 ± 0.39 C2X rhow 5x5 depth in 1 2 2.58 ± 0.46 2.65 ± 0.56 2.79 ± 0.36 2.43 ± 0.41 2.81 ± 0.29 3.26 ± 0.94 2.50 ± 0.27 2.69 ± 0.31 2.39 ± 0.40 2.83 ± 0.25 C2X rhow 3x3 depth in 1 2 2.65 ± 0.54 2.58 ± 0.59 2.64 ± 0.47 2.54 ± 0.41 2.91 ± 0.51 3.05 ± 0.63 2.56 ± 0.43 2.67 ± 0.48 2.47 ± 0.46 2.74 ± 0.50 TABLE IX: Test R2for depth 2-3 meters Model CAT ELN ENS KNN LBM LR MLP RF SVR XGB TOA 15x15 depth in 2 3 0.73 0.40 0.81 0.78 0.65 0.21 0.63 0.62 0.52 0.66 TOA 9x9 depth in 2 3 0.71 0.39 0.79 0.78 0.67 0.27 0.65 0.63 0.52 0.63 TOA 3x3 depth in 2 3 0.74 0.43 0.76 0.71 0.72 0.35 0.72 0.65 0.48 0.69 TOA 5x5 depth in 2 3 0.75 0.41 0.76 0.75 0.72 0.36 0.69 0.62 0.50 0.73 C2RCC rhown 5x5 depth in 2 3 0.71 0.58 0.73 0.70 0.67 0.61 0.69 0.64 0.65 0.68 C2X-Complex rhown 9x9 depth in 2 3 0.73 0.44 0.61 0.58 0.65 0.41 0.68 0.64 0.68 0.66 C2X-Complex rhow 5x5 depth in 2 3 0.72 0.16 0.71 0.59 0.63 0.24 0.64 0.55 0.72 0.65 C2X-Complex rhown 5x5 depth in 2 3 0.68 0.18 0.60 0.58 0.58 -0.48 0.68 0.54 0.72 0.61 C2RCC rhow 3x3 depth in 2 3 0.68 0.54 0.68 0.67 0.59 0.55 0.69 0.61 0.63 0.59 C2X rhow 9x9 depth in 2 3 0.69 0.62 0.62 0.58 0.64 0.64 0.63 0.63 0.67 0.65 TABLE X: Test RMSE for depth 2-3 meters Model CAT ELN ENS KNN LBM LR MLP RF SVR XGB TOA 15x15 depth in 2 3 1.88 2.82 1.61 1.72 2.15 3.25 2.21 2.24 2.54 2.13 TOA 9x9 depth in 2 3 1.97 2.86 1.67 1.70 2.10 3.12 2.16 2.23 2.53 2.23 TOA 5x5 depth in 2 3 1.82 2.80 1.78 1.81 1.93 2.92 2.04 2.24 2.59 1.88 C2X-Complex rhown 9x9 depth in 2 3 1.81 2.61 2.16 2.25 2.06 2.67 1.97 2.09 1.96 2.03 TOA 3x3 depth in 2 3 1.87 2.76 1.81 1.95 1.94 2.95 1.94 2.17 2.63 2.02 C2RCC rhown 5x5 depth in 2 3 1.86 2.27 1.82 1.91 2.00 2.17 1.95 2.08 2.06 1.97 C2X-Complex rhow 5x5 depth in 2 3 1.85 3.18 1.89 2.22 2.12 3.04 2.09 2.32 1.83 2.05 C2X-Complex rhown 5x5 depth in 2 3 1.96 3.16 2.19 2.26 2.26 4.23 1.98 2.36 1.84 2.18 C2RCC rhow 3x3 depth in 2 3 1.95 2.36 1.98 1.99 2.24 2.34 1.93 2.19 2.12 2.23 C2X rhow 9x9 depth in 2 3 1.93 2.14 2.13 2.26 2.09 2.08 2.10 2.12 2.01 2.05 TABLE XI: Train R2for depth 2-3 meters Model CAT ELN ENS KNN LBM LR MLP RF SVR XGB TOA 9x9 depth in 2 3 0.64 ± 0.09 0.44 ± 0.09 0.63 ± 0.11 0.69 ± 0.08 0.58 ± 0.14 0.37 ± 0.16 0.53 ± 0.19 0.57 ± 0.09 0.48 ± 0.04 0.59 ± 0.11 TOA 15x15 depth in 2 3 0.65 ± 0.09 0.46 ± 0.07 0.66 ± 0.11 0.66 ± 0.10 0.50 ± 0.29 0.41 ± 0.13 0.50 ± 0.21 0.53 ± 0.09 0.48 ± 0.05 0.50 ± 0.20 C2X-Complex rhown 5x5 depth in 2 3 0.54 ± 0.26 0.49 ± 0.23 0.52 ± 0.29 0.60 ± 0.13 0.46 ± 0.26 0.22 ± 0.65 0.52 ± 0.22 0.50 ± 0.27 0.65 ± 0.07 0.51 ± 0.25 C2X-Complex rhown 9x9 depth in 2 3 0.49 ± 0.24 0.46 ± 0.24 0.49 ± 0.24 0.57 ± 0.15 0.47 ± 0.28 0.26 ± 0.65 0.49 ± 0.20 0.51 ± 0.23 0.64 ± 0.10 0.51 ± 0.23 TOA 5x5 depth in 2 3 0.60 ± 0.10 0.47 ± 0.08 0.63 ± 0.12 0.60 ± 0.14 0.59 ± 0.12 0.43 ± 0.13 0.61 ± 0.07 0.46 ± 0.18 0.48 ± 0.06 0.57 ± 0.13 C2RCC rhown 5x5 depth in 2 3 0.60 ± 0.19 0.58 ± 0.13 0.53 ± 0.19 0.60 ± 0.20 0.59 ± 0.18 0.52 ± 0.18 0.63 ± 0.10 0.58 ± 0.19 0.61 ± 0.09 0.60 ± 0.15 C2X-Complex rhow 5x5 depth in 2 3 0.54 ± 0.24 0.48 ± 0.24 0.47 ± 0.40 0.60 ± 0.13 0.46 ± 0.31 0.20 ± 0.70 0.57 ± 0.12 0.51 ± 0.23 0.62 ± 0.12 0.51 ± 0.28 C2RCC rhow 3x3 depth in 2 3 0.55 ± 0.22 0.50 ± 0.17 0.55 ± 0.15 0.55 ± 0.21 0.45 ± 0.26 0.38 ± 0.22 0.57 ± 0.14 0.51 ± 0.26 0.62 ± 0.07 0.46 ± 0.30 TOA 3x3 depth in 2 3 0.57 ± 0.12 0.46 ± 0.09 0.60 ± 0.14 0.58 ± 0.16 0.55 ± 0.11 0.37 ± 0.13 0.61 ± 0.10 0.50 ± 0.15 0.46 ± 0.06 0.53 ± 0.19 C2X rhow 9x9 depth in 2 3 0.54 ± 0.22 0.52 ± 0.25 0.48 ± 0.30 0.56 ± 0.14 0.44 ± 0.22 0.35 ± 0.39 0.60 ± 0.10 0.54 ± 0.16 0.51 ± 0.25 0.47 ± 0.28 TABLE XII: Train RMSE for depth 2-3 meters Model CAT ELN ENS KNN LBM LR MLP RF SVR XGB TOA 9x9 depth in 2 3 2.05 ± 0.47 2.52 ± 0.29 2.08 ± 0.56 1.92 ± 0.48 2.16 ± 0.32 2.67 ± 0.37 2.32 ± 0.76 2.23 ± 0.41 2.46 ± 0.37 2.16 ± 0.45 TOA 15x15 depth in 2 3 2.01 ± 0.46 2.49 ± 0.34 1.96 ± 0.49 1.98 ± 0.40 2.29 ± 0.62 2.60 ± 0.46 2.41 ± 0.73 2.31 ± 0.31 2.46 ± 0.35 2.35 ± 0.43 C2X-Complex rhown 5x5 depth in 2 3 2.24 ± 0.51 2.36 ± 0.37 2.26 ± 0.47 2.14 ± 0.31 2.44 ± 0.45 2.75 ± 0.77 2.29 ± 0.38 2.33 ± 0.47 2.02 ± 0.33 2.31 ± 0.48 C2X-Complex rhown 9x9 depth in 2 3 2.35 ± 0.40 2.42 ± 0.36 2.36 ± 0.39 2.20 ± 0.30 2.40 ± 0.48 2.68 ± 0.84 2.37 ± 0.43 2.33 ± 0.48 2.02 ± 0.34 2.33 ± 0.47 TOA 5x5 depth in 2 3 2.14 ± 0.43 2.46 ± 0.25 2.05 ± 0.47 2.16 ± 0.52 2.16 ± 0.36 2.55 ± 0.28 2.11 ± 0.29 2.46 ± 0.39 2.46 ± 0.28 2.22 ± 0.47 C2RCC rhown 5x5 depth in 2 3 2.09 ± 0.45 2.18 ± 0.19 2.28 ± 0.44 2.07 ± 0.43 2.13 ± 0.38 2.29 ± 0.19 2.06 ± 0.35 2.14 ± 0.39 2.12 ± 0.16 2.11 ± 0.42 C2X-Complex rhow 5x5 depth in 2 3 2.24 ± 0.42 2.38 ± 0.39 2.32 ± 0.67 2.14 ± 0.34 2.39 ± 0.49 2.79 ± 0.83 2.21 ± 0.29 2.33 ± 0.40 2.09 ± 0.38 2.29 ± 0.48 C2RCC rhow 3x3 depth in 2 3 2.19 ± 0.37 2.37 ± 0.24 2.23 ± 0.16 2.21 ± 0.38 2.43 ± 0.39 2.62 ± 0.29 2.20 ± 0.33 2.27 ± 0.39 2.10 ± 0.16 2.39 ± 0.43 TOA 3x3 depth in 2 3 2.23 ± 0.47 2.48 ± 0.27 2.12 ± 0.48 2.20 ± 0.51 2.27 ± 0.35 2.68 ± 0.29 2.13 ± 0.48 2.36 ± 0.37 2.49 ± 0.27 2.28 ± 0.45 C2X rhow 9x9 depth in 2 3 2.25 ± 0.47 2.28 ± 0.39 2.32 ± 0.41 2.21 ± 0.22 2.51 ± 0.46 2.62 ± 0.54 2.15 ± 0.30 2.28 ± 0.35 2.30 ± 0.47 2.40 ± 0.49 4 TABLE XIII: Test R2for depth 3-4 meters Model CAT ELN ENS KNN LBM LR MLP RF SVR XGB TOA 15x15 depth in 3 4 0.66 0.50 0.58 0.62 0.59 0.38 0.61 0.61 0.47 0.57 TOA 3x3 depth in 3 4 0.59 0.46 0.55 0.61 0.64 0.40 0.60 0.66 0.45 0.61 C2X-Complex rhow 5x5 depth in 3 4 0.59 0.50 0.52 0.57 0.62 0.41 0.59 0.65 0.51 0.63 TOA 5x5 depth in 3 4 0.58 0.44 0.50 0.59 0.64 0.45 0.58 0.63 0.42 0.62 C2X-Complex rhown 5x5 depth in 3 4 0.60 0.56 0.57 0.57 0.59 0.34 0.55 0.63 0.51 0.61 TOA 9x9 depth in 3 4 0.61 0.46 0.63 0.62 0.59 0.38 0.62 0.61 0.47 0.58 C2X-Complex rhow 15x15 depth in 3 4 0.49 0.60 0.43 0.42 0.46 0.41 0.62 0.55 0.54 0.50 C2X-Complex rhow 9x9 depth in 3 4 0.55 0.56 0.51 0.55 0.57 0.46 0.61 0.62 0.58 0.60 TOA 1x1 depth in 3 4 0.54 0.38 0.44 0.60 0.49 0.18 0.54 0.55 0.44 0.46 C2X-Complex rhown 9x9 depth in 3 4 0.59 0.58 0.50 0.52 0.54 0.37 0.57 0.59 0.55 0.58 TABLE XIV: Test RMSE for depth 3-4 meters Model CAT ELN ENS KNN LBM LR MLP RF SVR XGB C2X-Complex rhow 5x5 depth in 3 4 1.60 1.76 1.72 1.63 1.54 1.91 1.60 1.48 1.74 1.52 C2X-Complex rhown 5x5 depth in 3 4 1.58 1.67 1.64 1.64 1.60 2.02 1.68 1.52 1.75 1.56 C2X-Complex rhow 9x9 depth in 3 4 1.67 1.65 1.74 1.67 1.63 1.83 1.55 1.54 1.63 1.57 C2X-Complex rhow 15x15 depth in 3 4 1.80 1.60 1.91 1.92 1.86 1.95 1.56 1.69 1.72 1.80 C2X-Complex rhown 9x9 depth in 3 4 1.61 1.62 1.77 1.72 1.70 1.98 1.64 1.61 1.68 1.61 TOA 15x15 depth in 3 4 1.74 2.10 1.93 1.83 1.91 2.34 1.86 1.86 2.16 1.94 TOA 3x3 depth in 3 4 1.90 2.18 1.99 1.85 1.79 2.31 1.89 1.74 2.20 1.86 TOA 5x5 depth in 3 4 1.92 2.23 2.10 1.91 1.78 2.21 1.93 1.81 2.27 1.84 TOA 9x9 depth in 3 4 1.86 2.19 1.81 1.83 1.91 2.35 1.84 1.86 2.16 1.94 TOA 1x1 depth in 3 4 2.01 2.35 2.22 1.87 2.13 2.70 2.02 2.00 2.22 2.19 TABLE XV: Train R2for depth 3-4 meters Model CAT ELN ENS KNN LBM LR MLP RF SVR XGB TOA 15x15 depth in 3 4 0.55 ± 0.03 0.38 ± 0.16 0.46 ± 0.18 0.52 ± 0.14 0.47 ± 0.04 0.30 ± 0.18 0.56 ± 0.05 0.39 ± 0.16 0.53 ± 0.16 0.45 ± 0.06 TOA 9x9 depth in 3 4 0.54 ± 0.03 0.39 ± 0.14 0.39 ± 0.26 0.51 ± 0.16 0.49 ± 0.05 0.38 ± 0.17 0.48 ± 0.13 0.42 ± 0.17 0.53 ± 0.17 0.51 ± 0.05 TOA 5x5 depth in 3 4 0.53 ± 0.05 0.40 ± 0.18 0.41 ± 0.23 0.43 ± 0.14 0.45 ± 0.09 0.32 ± 0.25 0.40 ± 0.14 0.36 ± 0.21 0.52 ± 0.16 0.46 ± 0.10 C2X-Complex rhow 15x15 depth in 3 4 0.44 ± 0.20 0.35 ± 0.20 0.42 ± 0.34 0.50 ± 0.19 0.31 ± 0.27 0.12 ± 0.36 0.39 ± 0.17 0.40 ± 0.24 0.51 ± 0.14 0.39 ± 0.24 C2X-Complex rhow 9x9 depth in 3 4 0.45 ± 0.12 0.38 ± 0.21 0.38 ± 0.28 0.43 ± 0.21 0.33 ± 0.20 0.30 ± 0.17 0.21 ± 0.55 0.43 ± 0.17 0.51 ± 0.13 0.38 ± 0.19 TOA 1x1 depth in 3 4 0.46 ± 0.08 0.39 ± 0.18 0.35 ± 0.30 0.42 ± 0.13 0.33 ± 0.15 0.39 ± 0.17 0.46 ± 0.05 0.32 ± 0.14 0.50 ± 0.17 0.38 ± 0.13 TOA 3x3 depth in 3 4 0.43 ± 0.10 0.40 ± 0.15 0.34 ± 0.30 0.43 ± 0.10 0.35 ± 0.14 0.31 ± 0.18 0.47 ± 0.08 0.28 ± 0.19 0.50 ± 0.16 0.40 ± 0.10 C2X-Complex rhow 5x5 depth in 3 4 0.48 ± 0.18 0.37 ± 0.20 0.36 ± 0.30 0.40 ± 0.18 0.40 ± 0.15 0.26 ± 0.28 0.44 ± 0.24 0.40 ± 0.24 0.43 ± 0.14 0.41 ± 0.21 C2X-Complex rhown 9x9 depth in 3 4 0.38 ± 0.14 0.38 ± 0.12 0.40 ± 0.21 0.42 ± 0.20 0.38 ± 0.14 0.31 ± 0.22 0.43 ± 0.12 0.39 ± 0.20 0.46 ± 0.12 0.33 ± 0.15 C2X-Complex rhown 5x5 depth in 3 4 0.43 ± 0.15 0.37 ± 0.17 0.32 ± 0.22 0.42 ± 0.20 0.33 ± 0.37 0.30 ± 0.21 0.41 ± 0.18 0.38 ± 0.27 0.44 ± 0.14 0.35 ± 0.27 TABLE XVI: Train RMSE for depth 3-4 meters Model CAT ELN ENS KNN LBM LR MLP RF SVR XGB TOA 15x15 depth in 3 4 2.06 ± 0.31 2.34 ± 0.09 2.22 ± 0.48 2.10 ± 0.43 2.22 ± 0.31 2.49 ± 0.19 2.01 ± 0.25 2.36 ± 0.46 2.07 ± 0.46 2.25 ± 0.31 TOA 9x9 depth in 3 4 2.06 ± 0.21 2.34 ± 0.09 2.35 ± 0.59 2.12 ± 0.45 2.18 ± 0.29 2.33 ± 0.22 2.18 ± 0.37 2.31 ± 0.49 2.07 ± 0.51 2.13 ± 0.30 TOA 5x5 depth in 3 4 2.07 ± 0.24 2.28 ± 0.06 2.29 ± 0.51 2.27 ± 0.41 2.24 ± 0.27 2.40 ± 0.20 2.30 ± 0.16 2.42 ± 0.53 2.08 ± 0.45 2.23 ± 0.33 TOA 1x1 depth in 3 4 2.22 ± 0.21 2.32 ± 0.10 2.39 ± 0.62 2.31 ± 0.39 2.46 ± 0.33 2.31 ± 0.13 2.21 ± 0.21 2.50 ± 0.38 2.12 ± 0.46 2.36 ± 0.28 C2X-Complex rhow 15x15 depth in 3 4 2.28 ± 0.43 2.46 ± 0.29 2.26 ± 0.52 2.14 ± 0.35 2.51 ± 0.48 2.81 ± 0.39 2.41 ± 0.45 2.34 ± 0.40 2.13 ± 0.29 2.39 ± 0.64 C2X-Complex rhow 9x9 depth in 3 4 2.29 ± 0.41 2.38 ± 0.34 2.35 ± 0.26 2.27 ± 0.32 2.50 ± 0.44 2.55 ± 0.28 2.54 ± 0.40 2.32 ± 0.47 2.14 ± 0.28 2.40 ± 0.42 TOA 3x3 depth in 3 4 2.27 ± 0.22 2.31 ± 0.10 2.43 ± 0.63 2.29 ± 0.37 2.41 ± 0.27 2.46 ± 0.18 2.20 ± 0.20 2.56 ± 0.47 2.15 ± 0.44 2.34 ± 0.26 C2X-Complex rhow 5x5 depth in 3 4 2.19 ± 0.52 2.42 ± 0.40 2.38 ± 0.45 2.38 ± 0.50 2.38 ± 0.43 2.58 ± 0.34 2.25 ± 0.46 2.34 ± 0.48 2.33 ± 0.42 2.32 ± 0.39 C2X-Complex rhown 9x9 depth in 3 4 2.41 ± 0.36 2.43 ± 0.39 2.35 ± 0.33 2.31 ± 0.38 2.41 ± 0.41 2.52 ± 0.24 2.33 ± 0.46 2.38 ± 0.44 2.26 ± 0.36 2.51 ± 0.38 C2X-Complex rhown 5x5 depth in 3 4 2.33 ± 0.46 2.43 ± 0.48 2.49 ± 0.39 2.32 ± 0.42 2.42 ± 0.49 2.56 ± 0.52 2.35 ± 0.48 2.36 ± 0.48 2.31 ± 0.46 2.42 ± 0.52 5 ADDITIONAL FIGURES Complementary to the maps generated for July 14, 2022, and July 28, 2025, additional maps were created. The maps for August 13, 2021, in Figure 1, correspond to a short period in which chlorophyll-a concentrations peaked, with values close to those reached during the 2016 eutrophication crisis. (a) Chl-a at depth 0-1 meters. (b) Chl-a at depth 1-2 meters. (c) Chl-a at depth 2-3 meters. (d) Chl-a at depth 3-4 meters. Fig. 1: Chl-a concentrations predicted for 2021-08-13 Figure 2 represents Chl-a concentrations for February 4, 2024. This date was represented to visualize normal behavior: low Chl-a values at surface which increase slightly with depth. (a) Chl-a at depth 0-1 meters. (b) Chl-a at depth 1-2 meters. (c) Chl-a at depth 2-3 meters. (d) Chl-a at depth 3-4 meters. Fig. 2: Chl-a concentrations predicted for 2024-02-04 6 The last set of maps, in Figure 3, corresponds to September 8, 2016, during the eutrophication crisis. The maps show Chl-a concentrations peaking and in some depths, they have even saturated the color scale. (a) Chl-a at depth 0-1 meters. (b) Chl-a at depth 1-2 meters. (c) Chl-a at depth 2-3 meters. (d) Chl-a at depth 3-4 meters. Fig. 3: Chl-a concentrations predicted for 2016-09-08