History of Higher Education in Bihar: An Analytical study

Journal of Research and Development Peer Reviewed International, Open Access Journal. ISSN : 2230-9578 | Website: https://jrdrvb.org Volume-17, Issue-9| September 2025 32 History of Higher Education in Bihar: An Analytical study Dr. Pawan Jee Anand MBA(HRM),Ph.D(Management),RKDF University,Ranchi [email protected] Manuscript ID: JRD -2025-170907 ISSN: 2230-9578 Volume 17 Issue 9| Pp. 32-35 September 2025 Submitted:17 Aug. 2025 Revised: 27 Aug. 2025 Accepted: 12 Sept. 2025 Published: 30 Sept. 2025 Abstract In the ancient system of education in Bihar, we get the mention of both formal and informal education centers. Formal education was given through temple, Ashrams and Gurukuls. These were also the Center of higher education. Where as informal education was received through family, priest, Pandit, Sanyasis and festival events etc. Some Scholars have accepted the parent as the teacher of the child. As Social development took place, so did educational institutions public education institutions were first established in Buddhist monasteries. Lord Buddhas teaching of worshipers great emphasis on initiation. Teaching and spiritual Practice of student's were done in these institution. But in these, the guru was not the representative of any one clan but war the head of all the Viharas. India's history in higher education in extensive and well-respected. A long time ago, this country was considered to be the home of the world's oldest University. Universities called centers of education in ancient India at Bihar include Nalanda University. In ancient times, this Universities were among the oldest Universities of the world. At present 13 Universities have been established by the Bihar Government.The first University of Bihar is Patna University, Patna. This University was established on 1 October 1917. Once upon a time, the higher education system of Bihar was known all over India, but at present, the Condition of higher education in all the Universities of Bihar is very poor. Because how Cans the education system improve in those Universities and Colleges where there is acute shortage of teachers. At present, around 2700 Guest assistant professor are employed by the Bihar Government.The system of higher education has been improved by these Guest assistant professors. Along with this, the recruitment of regular teachers by the Bihar Government has been going on for many years, yet there is a severe shortage of regular teachers. Keywords : Severe shortage of regular teachers, Regular restoration and Higher education through Guest teachers. Introduction India has been a land of knowledge It has been an important place for education since ancient times. Initially the education system in India was based on Vedas, scriptures and philosophy but lacked the scientific advancements that were taking place in other parts of the world.Odantapuri University (Bihar), Vikramshila University (Bihar) Tagaddala University (West -Bengal), Nagarjunakonda University (Andhra Pradesh), Ballabhi University (Gujarat), Kachipuram University (Tamil Nadu), Manikhet University (Karnataka), shardapeeth University. (Kashmir) and Pushpagiri University (Orissa) where the major educational institutions. In ancient times, Nalanda University, Odantapuri University and Vikramshila University were among the oldest Universities of the world. This University is one of the oldest Universities in Bihar, built in the fifth Century. Nalanda University was established by the Gupta emperor kumar Gupta Pratham in 413-455AD. This University was opened in Bihar, which is known as Nalanda University. Nalanda is derived from the Sanskrit word Nalam and Da.Nalam means lotus in Sanskrit. Lotus is a symbol of Knowledge. Nalam and da means one who gives Knowledge. Bihar has a glorious heritage in the field of higher education. Since Ancient times, Bihar got a different. identity in the field of education. Bihar was the main centre of education in ancient times. The Majer centers of education are Nalanda University, Vikramshila University and odantapuni Universty etc. Quick Response Code: Website: https://jrdrvb.org/ DOI: Creative Commons (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) This is an open access journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International Public License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work noncommercially, as long as appropriate credit is given and the new creations ae licensed under the idential terms. Address for correspondence: Dr. Pawan Jee Anand, MBA(HRM),Ph.D Management ,RKDF University,Ranchi How to cite this article: Pawan Jee Anand, (2025) History of Higher Education in Bihar : An Analytical study. Journal of Research & Development, 17(9), 32-35. Original Article Journal of Research and Development Peer Reviewed International, Open Access Journal. ISSN : 2230-9578 | Website: https://jrdrvb.org Volume-17, Issue-9| September 2025 33 Higher education in Bihar Started from the medieval period. During this times, most of the Muslims took higher education. The medium of instruction was Percian, but there were also educational institution of Sanskrit. Education in the modern period was started by Lord William Batick in 1835AD. The medium of instructions was Sanskrit-Persian as well as English, but the English language was predominant. At present times, Indian Universities can be divided in to three categories as on the basis of establishment, on the basis of organizational Structure and on the basis of teaching process. On the basis on establishment, the Universities of India are divided in to four types as central Universities State Universities, private Universities and Deemed Universities. My study of higher education is in the context of Government University of Bihar. Since modern times Bihar has got a different identity in the field of education, Patna college was First established in Bihar on 9 January 1863 AD. Patna college has a special place in Bihar due to its unique identity and quality education.The history of this college is older than the oldest University of Bihar, Patna University, Patna. The number of Universities established by the Government of Bihar is thirteen. All the Universities established by Bihar Government are as follows. Patna University: - Patna University is the first University of Bihar and the seventh oldest University of India, which was established on October, 1917 AD. After its establishment a new chapter started in the field of higher education in Bihar. The number of Sanctional posts of regular teachers in this University is 805, in Which only 368 regular teachers are employed. There is on acute shortage of regular teachers in this University.The irony is that students are not getting regular faculty to do Ph. D. Higher education is dying in all colleges and University Department of Patina University, Patna. Tilka Manjhi Bhagalpur University: - Tilka Manthi Bhagalpur University, formerly Bhagalpur University, is a public University in Bhagalpur Bihar. It was established on 12 July 1960, having local colleges initially associated with Patna University. The name was changed from Bhagalpur University to Tilka Manjhi Bhagalpur University in 1991 in Comemoration to Tilka Manjhi, a freedom fighter . Baba Saheb Bhim Rao Ambedkar Bihar University: - Bihar University was established on January2, 1952. When it was given a separate stratus from Patna University, Patna. But it's head-quarters remained in Patna at that times. Universities were established in 1960 by the Bihar University. Act. At the time of its establishment, it name was Bihar University, which was renamed as Baba Saheb Bhimrao Ambedkar Bihar University in 1992. Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar Bihar University popular by known as BU, in a Public University.Located in the north prime of Bihar state in the city of Muzaffarpur in Bihar. Kameshwar Singh Darbhanga Sanskrit University: - Kameshwar Singh Darbhanga Sanskrit University is a state University located as Darbhanga Bihar. Dedicated to the teaching and promotion of Sanskrit Kameshwar singh Darbhanga Sanskrit University was established in 1961. Magadh University, BodhGaya:- Magadh University is an institution of higher education in Bihar, India. It was established an 1962. It is recognized by the University Grants commission. The University is know governed by the Bihar state University Act. 1976. Magadh University enjoys the honour of being the largest University in Bihar. Lalit Narayan Mithila University: - He University is Darbhanga town Mithila, an ancient cultural region of North India.The Lalit Narayan Mithila University in a Public University in Bihar.Mithila University was established on August5, 1972 by an ordinance of the Government of Bihar Subsequently enacted through legislatures. The University initially functioned from the Mohanpur House at sara Mohanpur village of Darbhanga - Sakri route. In 1975, it was shifted to the campus belonging to Raj Darbhanga. Jai Prakash univerity: - Jai Prakash University is one of the state University in chhapra, Bihar. Initially serving the needs of higher and quality education of the people of saran Commissionary. The University was named in memory of freedom fighter Loknayak Jai Prakash Narayan. Jai prakash University was established in the year of 1990. Bhupendra Narayan Mandal University:-Bhupendra Narayan Mandal University is at the district headquarters, Madhepura. Bhupendra Narayan Mandal University also called B. N. Mandal University and in short BNMU. B. N. Mandal University, Madhepura came in to existence on the 10th January 1992. Veer Kunwar Singh University:- Veer Kunwar Singh University was established on 22 October 1992 with its headquarters at Ara, under the Bihar University Act 1976. It is named after Kunwar Singh, the well known national hero and distinguished freedom fighter of 1857. Maulana Mazharul Haque Arbic $ Persian University,Patna:-Maulana Mazharul Haque Arbic and Persian University is a State University in Patna, Bihar the University was established under the provision of the Bihar state University Act of 1976, which look effect on 10 April 1998. It is named after veteran freedom fighter Maulana Mazharul Haque. Journal of Research and Development Peer Reviewed International, Open Access Journal. ISSN : 2230-9578 | Website: https://jrdrvb.org Volume-17, Issue-9| September 2025 34 Patliputra University:- Patliputra University is a collegiate public state University located in Patna, Bihar.It was established by an act of the state legistature in 2018. Patliputra University, Patna was established on 18 March, 2018 by the order of the Government of Bihar. Purnea University:- Purnea University, Purnia which was carved out of BNMU, Madhepura on 18th March 2018. Munger University: - Munger University is a state University and was established through bifurcation of Tilka Manghi Bhagalpur University, Bhagalpur. Munger University was established on 18th March 2018. There is an acute shortage of regular teachers in all the Universities established by the Bihar Government. I have done the work of giving a brief introduction of all the Universities through my research. The Situation of all the Universites of Bihar is worrying because there in a Severe shortage of teachers in all the Universities established by the Bihar Government. Classes are conducted by Guest Asst. Professor in all the Universities of Bihar. Due to lack of regular teachers, researchers are not able to complete their research work on time. Nearly 60% teachers in all the Universities of Bihar have retired. Vocational courses are taught in all the Universities of Bihar but lack of regular teachers is the misfortune of higher education. In all the colleges and Universities, classes are conducted by teachers on bell basis through managerial system. Bihar University service commission has started the reinstatement process of 4638 teachers. Even if reinstatement takes place, there will be a Severe shortage of regular teachers. Every year the enrollment ob students increases and the number of regular teacher decreases. If seems that an army of educated youth as being prepared in Bihar. Therefore, Bihar Government should complete the pending reinstatement of regular teachers so that students can have practical knowledge along with bookish Studies. Review of Literature: Naveena, Geevarghese (2019): In the mentioned year, a research was conducted under the deep study within higher learning, which aimed to find out the importance of good researcher geedback, the importance of students feedback, Promotions, Superiorsub ordinates relationships, working environment greater education Sector in job satisfaction of academic. Staff greater education sector. Professor Yashpal:- On the importance of research, former UGC chairman and educationist professor Yashpal says that educational institutions which do not pay attention to research and its quality, they are neither able to do good to education nor to the society. Sam Pitroda:- Sam Pitroda, chairman of the National Innovation council and former chairman of the knowledge Commission, says that our needs are different now, our focus is to provide school education to all children. It Will take time to provide higher education and that too quality education. NR. Narayana Murthy:- Infosys chief Narayana Murthy Says, it is because of its education system that America has made so much progress in the field Semiconductor, information technology and Biotechnology. Dinesh Singh:- In this sequence, former Vice-chancellor of Delhi University, Dinesh Singh says that Despite the decline in the level of research, Some good research in Still being done. Objectives of the study:- The major objectives of this study are: (1) To get information about the history of higher education in Bihar. (2) To get information about the higher education in Bihar and present situation (3) To change and improve the quality and standard of higher education and research. (4)To get information about the history of higher education in Bihar (5) To get information about the higher education in Bihar and present Situation. Research Methodology:- The present study in based on the Secondary data. To understand the analytical study of higher education in Bihar, Published research papers and newspapers have also been considered to collect the Secondary data. Conclusion Elementary education has been working is the pillar of higher education in India since its implementation The system of higher education now existing in India was originally implanted by the Brithish rule in the mid-19th century. to serve the colonial economic, political and administrative interest and in particular, to consolidate and maintain their dominance into country. Best on the study of the history of higher education, it can be concluded that there are tremendous opportunities to attract studies from all corners of the world to Pursure higher education. Privatization of higher education is apparently a fledgling but welcome trends in higher education it to maintain creativity, adaptability and quality.The researcher reviewed several articles, thesis, research paper, book, magazines, newspapers and Studies and review of literature on higher education in Bihar.The views of many scholars and professor have been included regarding the 13 Universities established by the Bihar Government. Journal of Research and Development Peer Reviewed International, Open Access Journal. ISSN : 2230-9578 | Website: https://jrdrvb.org Volume-17, Issue-9| September 2025 35 Recommendation and Suggestions.:- The education system of all the Universities established by the Bihar Government in worrying. There is Severe shortage of regular teachers in the Universities where people like chief Minister of Bihar, Nitish Kumar, Lalu Prasad Yadav, Ravi Shankar Prasad and Yashwant Sinha have studied. From this it can be estimated that what will be the Situation of all the other Universities. To improve the higher education system of Bihar, regular teachers will have to be reinstated in all the Universities.The ratio of students and teachers heeds to be improved. At the Same time, there should be transfer of teacher in Universities or colleges. where they have been serving for mone than 5 years. Just as Students haw to given exams to go to another class, in the Same way there should be a system of giving exams for teachers to get promotion so that they can upgrade their knowledge with time. At the same time, students should be informed about the new education system through Seminars, so that research students can also get quality education. Referencre 1. Education in Contemporary Indian society, Dr. Ramshakal Pandey-publisher Shri Binod Pustak Mandir 2. Modern Education and Dalits – Arun Kumar Rawat, page no. 177 3. UGC (NET) 2019, Danika publishing company, New Delhi, page no. 552, 553 & 556 4. Education Technology -S.K. Mangal and Usha Mangal 5. Thakur, S. (2015). Library and information Science, Trueman's specific series, New Delhi Danika publishing Company 6. Kuruppu, D.C. (1999). Information needs and information Seeking behaviour of users in organization