ALFI: Global Database of Alien Fungal Introductions

B ALFI: Global Database of Alien Fungal Introductions 1. Background 3. ALFI Database 4. Global Flow of Alien Fungi 17.2% 44.8% 38.0% Figure 1. (A) A world map showing the location of alien fungi records in the ALFI database. Each point represents one or more observations of a fungal species in a region where it is considered alien. The color and shape of each point indicate the source database from which the record was obtained. Pie charts displaying the percentage of fungal records from GBIF and GlobalFungi, for each major geographical region. (B) A Venn diagram illustrating the overlap between the two source datasets. The percentage represent the records unique to each database and the records shared by both. GBIF GlobalFungi Americas Europe Africa Asia Oceania GlobalFungi records GBIF records 99% 1% 53% 47% 48% 52% 29% 71% 72% 28% B A 2. Objectives Compile a Global Database: To build the first comprehensive global database of alien fungal species by integrating molecular data (ITS sequences) with verified occurrence records from published literature and our own sampling. Reconstruct Introduction Pathways: To reconstruct and map the primary global pathways of fungal introductions, allowing us to identify the major donor regions that are the sources of alien fungi and the recipient hotspots that are most vulnerable to their introduction. Characterize the Invasion Continuum: To characterize and compare the biogeographical profiles of alien fungi at distinct stages of invasion, from newly introduced alien species to those that have become established and those that are actively invasive. The term biological invasion describes the process involving the intentional or unintentional transport or movement of a species outside its natural range by human activities and its introduction to new regions, where it may become established and spread. ALFI Global Register of Introduced and Invasive Species (GRIIS) Inventory of alien invasive species in Europe (DAISIE) European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (EPPO) Standardising and Integrating Alien Species (SInAS) Global Invasive and Alien Traits And Records (GIATAR) + 40 research articles > 5,000 historical records of alien fungi introductions Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) > 300,000 observations from both field researchers and the public (citizen science) GlobalFungi > 400,000 observations reported using highthroughput-sequencing methods targeting the ITS1 or ITS2 marker of fungi 5. Individual Alien Fungi Profile Vasilii SHAPKIN1, Petr KOHOUT1 1Institute of Microbiology of the CAS, Vídeňská 1083,14220 Praha 4, Czech Republic E-mail: [email protected] Source: Intergovernmental Panel of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, 2023 A Figure 2. (A) A chord diagram illustrating the intercontinental flow of alien fungi based on historical records in the ALFI database. The outer segments represent five continents, which act as both sources and destinations. The connecting bands visualize the dispersal pathways between them. The color of each band indicates the continent of origin, and its width is proportional to the number of translocation events, highlighting the primary routes of global fungal introductions. (B) A case-study map detailing the invasion history and ecological profile of a single alien fungal species Hymenoscyphus fraxineus in Europe. The species' status as alien is indicated by red shading in affected countries. Arrows denote the year and location of the first recorded observation, tracking the temporal progression of its spread. Points on the map synthesize data from multiple sources: symbol shape indicates the sample type (e.g., root, soil), and the color scale represents the logtransformed relative sequence abundance (RSA) within the sample, from low (yellow) to high (purple), based on GlobalFungi data. Grey crosses mark additional species occurrences documented in the GBIF database.