Rotational Anisotropy of Galaxies in JWST Observations: A Chronovibrational Hypothesis

Chronovibrational Interpretation of the ANITA Events Paolo Giordana Independent Researcher, Italy [email protected] 17th October 2025 1 Observational Context The ANITA (Antarctic Impulsive Transient Antenna) experiment, flown on a long-duration stratospheric balloon over Antarctica, detected two anomalous radio impulses during flights I (2006) and III (2014), originating from directions significantly below the horizon (−35◦and −27◦, respectively). Both events showed a single, sharp pulse lasting about 50–60 ns, with electric field amplitudes of ∼0.5–0.6 mV/m for both ANITA I and ANITA III1. From a morphological standpoint, both signals exhibited strong linear horizontal polarization, absence of phase inversion, and a coherent wavefront. Such features — single coherent pulse, horizontal polarization, and lack of reflection signatures — are difficult to reproduce using standard reflection or subsurface scattering mechanisms in ice2. Table 1: Observed Properties of the Two Anomalous ANITA Events Event Flight Arrival Angle Electric Field Pulse Duration Signal Characteristics ANITA I 2006 −35◦∼0.5 mV/m ∼60 ns Horizontal polarization, coherent wavefront, no phase inversion ANITA III 2014 −27◦∼0.5 mV/m ∼50 ns Horizontal polarization, coherent wavefront, no phase inversion The canonical interpretation of these events attributes them to upward-going air showers initiated by τ-lepton decays, resulting from ultra-energetic ντinteractions inside the Earth. However, this scenario requires neutrinos to traverse 6000–7000 km of rock, corresponding to ≳8 interaction lengths at Eν≳0.2 EeV, making such survival improbable. Moreover, the required fluxes are in conflict with IceCube and Pierre Auger upper limits. 1P. W. Gorham et al., Observation of an Unusual Upward-going Cosmic-Ray-like Event, Phys. Rev. Lett. 121, 161102 (2018). 2P. W. Gorham et al., Characteristics of Four Upward-pointing Cosmic-Ray-like Events Observed with ANITA, Phys. Rev. D 98, 022001 (2018). 1 A targeted Auger search3found only one marginally consistent event, leading to stringent 95% CL upper limits: F(E−1) 95% <7.2×10−21 cm−2sr−1yr−1, F(E−2) 95% <3.6×10−20 cm−2sr−1yr−1. This tension motivates exploration of non-standard explanations, including the possibility that the radio bursts originate from transient, localized metric phenomena rather than from classical particle cascades. Data and Derived Fluence For reference events 3985267 (ANITA I) and 15717147 (ANITA III), the peak field and pulse width extracted from the published waveforms are used to estimate the observed fluence: Eobs ≃κ E2 max ∆t Z0 , with Z0= 377 Ω and κ∈[1/2,1]. Taking κ= 1/2: E(III) obs ≈1.7×10−17 J/m2, E(I) obs ≈1.2×10−16 J/m2. These will serve as input constraints for the chronovibrational analysis. 2 Chronovibrational Hypothesis and Metric Transition Given the difficulty of explaining the ANITA signals through conventional particle physics, we instead interpret them as manifestations of a localized temporal decoherence of the universal chronovibrational field ψ(t). In this framework, the “source” of the pulse is not a propagating particle but a brief, self-consistent collapse in temporal coherence that releases a small fraction of its internal energy electromagnetically. 2.1 Physical Meaning of the Chronovibrational Field The chronovibrational field ψ(t) represents the fundamental oscillation of temporal coherence of matter-energy, a relic of the primordial vibrational state generated at the Big Bang. In the early universe, high ψ-energy density caused intense temporal incoherence, preventing stable causal processes or life. As the universe expanded and ψ(t) decayed (with damping rate Λ), coherence increased — a process discussed in the cosmological extension of this model in Rotational Anisotropy of Galaxies – JWST Observations: A Chronovibrational Hypothesis (2025). Locally, ψ(t) may undergo rare, spontaneous fluctuations where the decay becomes momentarily unstable — a temporal decoherence event. Such an event corresponds to a localized reduction in the coherence function F[ψ(t)], generating a transient metric transition capable of coupling weakly to the electromagnetic field. The general form of the field is ψ(t) = A e−Λtcos(Ωt),(1) 3Pierre Auger Collaboration, Search for the Anomalous Events Detected by ANITA Using the Pierre Auger Observatory, Phys. Rev. Lett. 134, 121003 (2025). 2 where Λ controls the rate of temporal damping ([s−1]) and Ω is the intrinsic harmonic frequency of the time field ([rad s−1]). The associated coherence functional, F[ψ(t)] = exp −"¨ ψ(t) Ω2ψ(t)#2 ,(2) quantifies the instantaneous degree of local temporal coherence. A decrease in Fmarks the onset of a chronovibrational collapse. 2.2 Harmonic Metric Factor and Field Stability The metric coupling term can be written as Γharm(t) = expβ τ∗Zt t0 f2 crit(τ)dτ,(3) where βis dimensionless and τ∗represents the coherence timescale (taken as τ∗= ∆tfor impulsive events). This factor plays the role of a local “temporal dilaton,” modifying g00 during the brief transition, while remaining globally consistent with GR. 2.3 Separation of Scales: Internal and Electromagnetic Frequencies The internal harmonic mode Ωharm should not be confused with the GHz radio carrier detected by ANITA. The radio burst is the electromagnetic response to the decoherence, while Ωharm describes the internal temporal oscillation of ψ(t) that governs the onset and recovery of coherence. This separation ensures compatibility between a slow internal oscillator and a fast EM transient. 2.4 Critical Function and Local Collapse To regularize the instability near t→0, the critical function is defined with finite latency t0>0: fcrit(t) = e−Λ(t+t0)cos[Ωharm(t+t0)] √1−e−2Λ(t+t0).(4) An increase in fcrit(t) signals a localized collapse of temporal coherence — the chronovibrational equivalent of a metric shock — which can manifest as an observable electromagnetic impulse such as the ANITA events. 2.5 Metric Transition as Apparent Source In the chronovibrational framework, the ANITA signal originates from a localized transition in temporal coherence κ(x, t) at a critical spacetime node (xc, tc): κ(xc, tc)≈κcrit ≪1.(5) 3 This represents a temporal decoherence event, where the local field ψ(t) undergoes a rapid and transient loss of phase alignment with the surrounding spacetime. The breakdown releases a fraction of the local chronovibrational energy as an effective energy flux, Φeff(x, t) = δκ(x, t)−κcrit∂tψ(x, t)2,(6) where δ(·) identifies the critical locus and ∂tψis the instantaneous rate of temporal variation. Φeff thus quantifies the apparent metric front responsible for the electromagnetic pulse. This interpretation naturally explains why the radio signal appears to emerge from below the horizon without an underlying particle cascade: it is an impulsive electromagnetic response to a transient discontinuity in the coherence of time itself. 2.6 Conditions for the Transition For a decoherence to be dynamically observable, three independent criteria must be satisfied: κ(xc, tc)≤κcrit ≈0,(7) |∂2 tψ(xc, tc)| ≫ Λ2|ψ(xc, tc)|,(8) 1 ∆tZtc+∆t tc f2 crit(t)dt ≥f2 thr.(9) These ensure (i) a near-total local loss of temporal coherence; (ii) oscillatory acceleration strong enough to overcome damping; and (iii) a finite, time-averaged instability across the coherence window ∆t. The latency t0>0 regularizes early-time divergence and guarantees causality. 2.7 Released Energy and Coherent Multiplicity Within the chronovibrational picture, each local transition liberates a quantized energy unit, E1q=ℏΩharm 1 ∆tZt0+∆t t0 f2 crit(t)dt, (10) where Ωharm denotes the internal harmonic frequency of ψ(t). For short events (Ωharm∆t≫ 1, ∆t≪Λ−1), E1q≈ℏΩharm 1 4Λ∆tln1 + ∆t t0. This energy is extremely small per quantum, so the observed fluence requires a coherent domain of multiplicity N: N=Eobs E1q =4ΛEobs ℏΩharm hln1 + ∆t t0i−1.(11) Nthus represents the effective number of synchronized quanta participating in the local metric transition rather than a count of propagating particles. 4 2.8 Comparison with the Particle Hypothesis This mechanism differs fundamentally from the τ-neutrino scenario: •no particle needs to traverse the Earth or carry energy upward; •the apparent source is geometric — a metric node — rather than material; •the process is instantaneous and non-repetitive, not a flux; •causality is preserved because the event is locally generated by the field ψ(t) everywhere present. In other words, the ANITA impulse is the signature of a transient geometric excitation, not of particle propagation. 2.9 Physical Interpretation and Energetic Scale A chronovibrational collapse behaves analogously to a phase transition in a metastable field: κacts as an order parameter while ψstores the latent harmonic energy. When κcrosses the critical threshold, coherence briefly vanishes and a small fraction of the local vibrational energy converts into an electromagnetic impulse through the coupling α(χ)FµνFµν. In the ANITA case, the inferred energy densities (∼10−7J/m3) are fourteen orders of magnitude below the internal vibrational energy of matter (∼108J/m3). Therefore, the decoherence is energetically negligible on atomic or biological scales: it cannot disrupt chemical bonds or coherence in living systems, consistent with the absence of observable thermal or mechanical effects even if an observer were inside the 5 m domain. 2.10 Relation to Cosmological and Biological Limits As discussed in the companion work Rotational Anisotropy of Galaxies – JWST Observations: A Chronovibrational Hypothesis (2025), high-energy temporal incoherence dominated the early universe, preventing the emergence of ordered structures and life. The ANITA events represent the opposite limit: small, local decoherence bursts occurring in a highly coherent epoch of the universe. They are thus harmless remnants of the same underlying field dynamics that, in the early cosmological regime, imposed the upper bound on chronovibrational energy compatible with biological stability. 2.11 Reconstruction of the Metric Node Within this framework, the ANITA pulse is the electromagnetic signature of a transient harmonic transition in the temporal metric localized within a confined region — the metric node. This node marks the geometric locus of the coherence breakdown of ψ(t), from which the signal emerges locally without the need for material emission or particle transport. 5 2.12 Observational Geometry and Node Estimation The two anomalous events define the positions listed in Table ??, whose geocentric coordinates (Table ??) are computed via the standard WGS84 transformation. Back-projection along the reconstructed arrival direction yields the approximate location of the critical node, rnode =rANITA +Lˆn, (12) where ˆnis the ENU unit vector and Lparametrizes the effective metric distance to the coherence-collapse point. Importantly, Ldoes not represent a particle trajectory but the geometric distance along which the apparent front is reconstructed. 2.13 Effective Metric and Apparent Propagation The apparent “propagation” of the front is described by motion along the geodesics of an effective metric: ˜gµν =ηµν +hµν(ψ), hµν ∝(∂tψ)2uµuν,(13) with associated geodesic equations d2xµ dτ2+˜ Γµ νρ dxν dτ dxρ dτ = 0.(14) Integration backward from the gondola identifies the locus where the metric front would intersect the ice surface. This construction reproduces an apparent emission consistent with no superluminal signaling, since the radio impulse reflects a metric reparametrization of phase, not physical propagation faster than light. 2.14 Conclusion The metric node is therefore not a material source but a topological feature of the temporal field ψ(t). Its existence reconciles the observed ANITA anomalies with causality and known physics: the signal arises from a local coherence collapse — a brief, self-consistent fluctuation of the time field — releasing a measurable electromagnetic impulse without violating energy conservation or biological stability. 3 Electromagnetic Coupling and Impulse Generation 3.1 Effective Lagrangian and Maxwell Coupling To convert a local chronovibrational collapse into a detectable radio burst, we introduce a minimal, gauge-invariant coupling between the vibrational coherence channel and electromagnetism: L=−1 4FµνFµν +Lχ[χ]−1 4α(χ)FµνFµν,(15) where Lχgoverns the local dynamics of the vibrational degree χ(x, t) (linked to ψ), and α(χ) = gEΞ(x, t),Ξ(x, t)≡1 τ∗Zt t0 f2 crit(x, τ)dτ, (16) 6 with τ∗a characteristic coherence time (for ANITA-like bursts we set τ∗= ∆t). The functional Ξ grows only during the collapse window and is dimensionless; gEis a small, dimensionless coupling. Varying (15) with respect to Aµyields modified Maxwell equations in vacuum: ∂µ h1 + αFµνi= 0, ∂µ˜ Fµν = 0.(17) 3.2 Wave Equation with Temporal Source Starting from the modified Maxwell equations ∂µ[(1 + α)Fµν]=0,(18) and assuming that the coupling parameter α=α(t) varies only in time (spatially uniform within the finite domain Vrepresenting the collapse region) during the short interval ∆t, one obtains, for the electric field in vacuum, ∇2E−1 c2h(1 + α)∂2 tE+ 2 ˙α ∂tE+ ¨αEi= 0.(19) The additional time-derivative terms proportional to ˙αand ¨αact as an effective temporal source. When the chronovibrational collapse causes Ξ (and thus α) to vary rapidly, the term ˙α ∂tEtransfers energy from the internal degree of freedom to the electromagnetic field, generating a single coherent radiative impulse without the need for free charges or classical currents. In the limit of slow or adiabatic variation (|˙α|≪|∂t|), the additional terms vanish and Eq. (19) reduces to the standard wave equation. No-perception for an Internal Observer The collapse is coherent over the local domain: all processes (including clocks, chemistry, biology) are modulated together. Since the released energy density is tiny and the duration is O(10−8)–O(10−7) s, an observer inside the domain does not perceive a change in the flow of time; the only measurable signature is the emitted RF impulse. 3.3 Fluence and Geometric Scaling Let the collapse occur within an (effective) spherical domain of radius aat distance R from the antenna, over a duration ∆t, producing a net jump ∆αacross the window. A standard far-field scaling for a temporally driven emitter—treated as an impulsive polarization source—gives a peak radiated field Emax ∼Cgeo 4πc2 ∆α E∗V ∆t2R, V =4π 3a3,(20) where E∗is the characteristic internal field of the collapsing domain and Cgeo ∈(0,1] summarizes geometric and impedance efficiency in ice. We parametrize E∗via the internal energy density u∗as E∗=r2u∗ ϵ0 (SI units).(21) 7 The 1/R dependence follows the standard dipolar far-field scaling, while the factor ∆α/∆t2 reflects the impulsive temporal driving of the coupling. The observed fluence at the antenna over the coherent window is then Eobs ≃κ Z0 E2 max ∆t∼κ Z0 C2 geo 9c4 (∆α)2E2 ∗a6 ∆t3R2,(Z0= 377 Ω, κ ∈[1/2,1]),(22) which yields, upon inversion for a, a=9Z0 κ C2 geo Eobs c4∆t3R2 (∆α)2E2 ∗1/6 .(23) Equation (23) shows that the effective source radius adecreases for larger coupling jumps ∆αor higher geometric efficiency Cgeo, and increases with distance R, observed fluence Eobs, and emission duration ∆t. The dependence on ∆t1/2reflects the impulsive character of the emission, while the R1/3scaling captures geometric dilution in the far field. 3.4 Link to the Chronovibrational Microphysics The jump ∆αfollows from the chronovibrational dynamics via (16): ∆α=gE∆Ξ ≈gE 1 ∆tZt0+∆t t0 f2 crit(t)dt ≃gE 1 4Λ∆tln1 + ∆t t0,(24) where the last estimate holds in the short-window, high-Ωharm regime (cf. Sec. ??). Combining (??) and (24) provides a direct, data-driven constraint on the pair (gE, a) given (Eobs,∆t, R, Cgeo, κ, Λ, t0). 3.5 Consistency with Cosmological and Biological Constraints The same field that sources the local impulse here is implicated, on cosmological scales, in the rotational anisotropy of galaxies (JWST) and in setting a biological coherence bound: early-universe chronovibrational energy densities were too high to sustain stable causal processes, whereas today’s highly coherent epoch permits life. The ANITA-class events reside safely within this bound: the energy densities inferred from (??) are far below the threshold required to disrupt molecular coherence, hence no local temporal perception change or biological effect is expected. 4 Conclusions The Pierre Auger Observatory (Phys. Rev. Lett. 134, 121003) has set stringent constraints on interpreting the ANITA events as upward-going ultra-energetic τ-neutrinos: after more than fourteen years of data and an exposure two orders of magnitude greater than ANITA’s, only one background-like candidate was observed. This effectively rules out any cosmogenic neutrino flux intense enough to explain the ANITA anomalies through τ-decay channels. Given these limits, the chronovibrational hypothesis provides a self-consistent alternative. In this framework, the ANITA signals emerge locally as transient metric 8 collapses of the harmonic temporal field ψ(t) — collective decoherence events in the chronovibrational structure of time itself. The electromagnetic impulse arises through a short-lived coupling α(χ)FµνFµν between the chronovibrational and electromagnetic fields, where a rapid change ˙α(t)= 0 acts as a source term in the modified Maxwell equations. This mechanism converts a minuscule fraction of the chronovibrational energy into a coherent GHz-band radio pulse, with no violation of causality or energy conservation. Why Antarctica and Ice The detectability of such events uniquely favors the Antarctic environment. The polar ice sheet combines: •extreme electromagnetic quietness, minimizing stochastic backgrounds; •cryogenic temperature and mechanical stability, reducing environmental decoherence of the chronovibrational field; •high crystalline uniformity, enabling extended temporal coherence across large volumes of ice; •and a natural waveguide geometry, which preserves phase coherence of impulsive radio signals. These conditions allow the global temporal field ψ(t) to maintain near-perfect coherence until a local critical point triggers a metric collapse, releasing an electromagnetic impulse that can propagate coherently to the ANITA antennas. Elsewhere on Earth, thermal noise, atmospheric variability, and anthropogenic RFI would mask or disrupt such weak, transient signatures. Possibility of Detection in Space If chronovibrational decoherence is a genuine physical process, similar events should occasionally occur in other low-noise environments. The most favorable observation sites include: •Earth orbit: high-altitude or satellite-based radio arrays operating in the 200–1200 MHz range with sub-µs temporal resolution could survey vast surface areas under minimal noise conditions; •Lunar far side: the most radio-quiet region in the Solar System, naturally shielded from terrestrial and solar interference, would offer ideal conditions for detecting rare, coherent impulses of chronovibrational origin; •Deep space: detectors placed at Lagrange points or heliocentric orbits could search for metric-decoherence events in vacuum, probing ψ(t) in regions of minimal gravitational curvature. Such experiments would represent the next step in testing the chronovibrational field as a fundamental component of spacetime, bridging cosmology and quantum field theory. 9