WAYS TO REDUCE TIRE WEAR IN AUTOMOBILES INTRODUCTION

ISSN: 3030-3931, Impact factor: 7,241 Volume 10, issue 1, Oktabr 2025 https://worldlyjournals.com/index.php/Yangiizlanuvchi worldly knowledge OAK Index bazalari : research gate, research bib. Qo’shimcha index bazalari: zenodo, open aire. google scholar. Original article 272 WAYS TO REDUCE TIRE WEAR IN AUTOMOBILES INTRODUCTION S. M. Badalov Associate Professor, KSTU Automobile tires are among the most important components of a vehicle, as they not only ensure proper contact with the road but also determine the level of safety, fuel efficiency, and driving comfort. Tires constantly operate under dynamic forces such as pressure, friction, braking force, and centrifugal force. As a result, they wear out after a certain period of use. However, by adhering to scientifically based maintenance and operational rules, tire wear can be significantly reduced. If the problem of freight transportation planning requires the determination of solutions that meet the requirements of an optimality function and constraint equations, then computational schemes and computer algorithms based on linear programming methods are widely used [1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]. It is of great importance to conduct research on the technological nature of shippers’ and consignees’ demand for freight transportation, the satisfaction of this demand, and the management of freight flows based on the efficient allocation of motor transport vehicles (MTVs) to routes. This ensures that the demand for freight volumes is met, the opportunities of shipment (loading/unloading) are fully utilized, and transportation costs are minimized in accordance with selected criteria. From this perspective, in organizing transport-logistics services effectively, it is necessary to use improved models of efficient distribution of motor vehicles to routes. Consumer destinations (CDs) are served by routes of various lengths. The length of the freight route and the type of cargo transported determine, on the one hand, the number of motor vehicles that can be effectively employed on these routes, and on the other hand, the distribution of a limited fleet of vehicles among the routes defines the number of trips (freight volumes) delivered to or collected from the consignee. The number of MTVs assigned to a particular route cannot be arbitrarily large or small. The number of vehicles allocated to routes should not exceed the loading/unloading capacities of the respective destinations and should ensure their full utilization. Thus, the problem of distributing a fleet of MTVs to CDs can be formulated as generating and analyzing combinations of different options for efficiently loading a given number of service channels with vehicles during a workday. Vehicles are distributed to freight routes in such a way that the freight demand of each consumer destination is satisfied. The required freight volumes can be managed not by changing the total number of vehicles, but by redistributing them among different routes. That is, if a consumer destination has a higher demand, more vehicles are allocated to shorter routes, or conversely, if the demand is lower, more vehicles are assigned to longer routes. 1. Monitoring Tire Pressure Air pressure inside tires directly affects their service life. Underinflated tires increase the contact area, resulting in faster heating and greater sidewall wear. ISSN: 3030-3931, Impact factor: 7,241 Volume 10, issue 1, Oktabr 2025 https://worldlyjournals.com/index.php/Yangiizlanuvchi worldly knowledge OAK Index bazalari : research gate, research bib. Qo’shimcha index bazalari: zenodo, open aire. google scholar. Original article 273 Overinflated tires cause the central part of the tread to wear out more quickly. The recommended pressure is set by the manufacturer (usually within the range of 2.0– 2.4 bar). According to scientific studies, a 20% reduction in air pressure decreases tire life by approximately 25–30%. 2. Wheel Balancing and Alignment Proper wheel adjustment ensures uniform tire wear. Balancing: Reduces centrifugal forces and eliminates vibrations during wheel rotation. Alignment (camber and toe adjustment): Corrects the angle of wheels relative to the road surface. If these parameters are incorrect, uneven tread wear occurs, negatively affecting both tire life and driving safety. 3. Tire Rotation Front and rear tires are loaded differently: the front tires receive more braking force and steering input. Therefore, it is recommended to rotate tires every 8,000–10,000 km. This promotes even wear and increases overall service life by 15–20%. 4. Driving Style and Mechanical Forces Tire wear is also strongly influenced by driving habits: Harsh braking causes localized heating and increased friction. Rapid acceleration generates excessive shear forces. High-speed cornering intensifies centrifugal forces, leading to sidewall wear. Smooth and consistent driving significantly reduces tire wear. 5. Load and Weight Distribution Overloading a vehicle increases tire pressure, leading to deformation, overheating, and faster wear. Exceeding the manufacturer’s specified Load Index must be strictly avoided. Excessive loads may even cause premature tire failure or blowouts. 6. Use of Seasonal Tires Summer tires: Perform well on dry asphalt but harden in cold weather. Winter tires: Made from special rubber compounds that remain elastic at low temperatures and provide safety on slippery roads. All-season tires: Suitable for moderate climates but less effective than specialized summer or winter tires. ISSN: 3030-3931, Impact factor: 7,241 Volume 10, issue 1, Oktabr 2025 https://worldlyjournals.com/index.php/Yangiizlanuvchi worldly knowledge OAK Index bazalari : research gate, research bib. Qo’shimcha index bazalari: zenodo, open aire. google scholar. Original article 274 7. Technical Maintenance Other vehicle systems may also accelerate tire wear: Faulty shock absorbers increase vibrations, causing uneven wear. Steering system looseness leads to improper wheel positioning. Brake system issues cause uneven pressure, resulting in irregular wear patterns. Therefore, regular vehicle inspections and maintenance are essential. Conclusion Tires are the only components of an automobile that remain in direct contact with the road surface. Their proper functioning ensures safety, fuel efficiency, and driving comfort. By maintaining correct pressure, checking wheel alignment and balance, rotating tires, practicing careful driving, controlling load levels, and using climate-appropriate tires, tire wear can be significantly reduced. These scientifically proven measures not only extend tire life by 30–40% but also lower fuel consumption and improve the overall efficiency of the vehicle. References: 1. Васильев Ф.П. Методы оптимизации. В 2-х кн. –М.: МЦИМО, 2011. Кн.2. -433 с. 2. Бутаев Ш.А., Жураев М.Н. Автотранспорт воситалари ташиш имкониятларини маршрутларга самарали тақсимлаш моделлари ва усуллари. Тошкент: А.Навоий номидаги Ўзбекистон Миллий кутубхонаси, 2012. -186 б. 3. Решение транспортных задач с применением программирования в системе MathCAD. //Молодой ученый. 2014, №5. –С.8-13. 4. Shermukhamedov Abdulaziz Adilkhakovich, & Juraev Mukhiddin Nortojievich (2019). Combinatory method of definition of discrete decisions of the problem of rational distribution of vehicles on radial routes. European science review, (3-4), 118-123. 5. Струченков В.И. Динамическое программирование в примерах и задачах. –М.-Берлин: Директ-медиа, 2015. -275 с. 6. Properties of oxynitride steel coatings obtained through three-stage processes of nitriding combined with oxidation. U.R.Boynazarov, 1 (t.f.n.), L.G.Petrova, (t.f.d.), 2 A.A.Brezhnev, 3 (t.f.n.), and P.S. Bibikov 4 UDC 621.785.53 +621.794.61. Metallurgist, Vol. 65, Nos. 7-8, November, 2021 (Russian Original Nos. 7-8, July–August, 2021). 7. Badalov S.M., Chorieva D.N., Rakhmatov D.B. Egatsiz tekis shudgorlaydigan plug// “Science and innovation” xalqaro ilmiy jurnali. – Toshkent, 2022. – № . – B. 638-640. 8. Маматов Ф.М. Бадалов С.М. Рўзиев Э.Р., Усовершенствованний плуг для гладкой вспашки// Инновацион технологиялар -ҚарМИИ, 2021. Махсус сон, Б. 8-10. 9. Babajanov L, Sharipov Z, Khakimov B, Sobirov E. Badalov S. Plow for processing row spacing of gardens// International Scientific Conference Construction Mechanics, Hydraulics Water Resources Engineering Conmechydro. – Tashkent, 2021. – pp. 1-7.