Appendix: Summaries of LM or LME models

1 Appendix: 線形回帰モデル「lm()」・線形混合効果モデル「lmer()」の概要 ⽇本語 応答変数：閉鎖時間 Formula: lm(CLOSURE ~ SERIES + PLACE + SERIES : PLACE) Term Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|) (Intercept) 0.008 0.013 0.578 0.564 SERIESA −0.963 0.013 −71.585 0.000 PLACELabial 0.056 0.018 3.066 0.002 PLACEAlveolar 0.051 0.021 2.442 0.015 SERIESA : PLACELabial 0.027 0.018 1.505 0.133 SERIESA : PLACEAlveolar 0.000 0.021 −0.004 0.997 応答変数：声門緊張度 Formula: lm(TENSION ~ SERIES) Term Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|) (Intercept) 0.000 0.054 0.000 1.000 SERIESA −0.304 0.054 −5.666 0.000 応答変数：VOT Formula: lm(VOT ~ SERIES + PLACE + SERIES : PLACE) Term Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|) (Intercept) −0.094 0.038 −2.509 0.013 SERIESA 0.193 0.038 5.133 0.000 PLACELabial −0.399 0.051 −7.876 0.000 PLACEAlveolar −0.613 0.058 −10.608 0.000 SERIESA : PLACELabial 0.051 0.051 1.010 0.313 SERIESA : PLACEAlveolar −0.081 0.058 −1.407 0.160 応答変数：f0 Formula: lmer(F0 ~ SERIES + GENDER + SERIES : GENDER + (1|REPETITION)) Term Estimate Std. Error df t value Pr(>|t|) (Intercept) 0.000 0.217 3.000 0.000 1.000 SERIESA −0.175 0.048 309.000 −3.651 0.000 GENDERFemale 0.000 0.048 309.000 0.000 1.000 SERIESA : GENDERFemale 0.329 0.048 309.000 6.889 0.000 2 朝鮮語 応答変数：閉鎖時間 Formula: lm(CLOSURE ~ SERIES) Term Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|) (Intercept) 0.000 0.022 0.000 1.000 SERIESA −0.916 0.022 −41.921 0.000 応答変数：声門緊張度 Formula: lm(TENSION ~ SERIES) Term Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|) (Intercept) 0.000 0.034 0.000 1.000 SERIESA −0.796 0.034 −23.595 0.000 応答変数：VOT Formula: lm(VOT ~ SERIES + PLACE + VOWEL + SERIES : PLACE + SERIES : VOWEL + PLACE : VOWEL) Term Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|) (Intercept) 0.023 0.051 0.448 0.655 SERIESA 0.349 0.034 10.314 0.000 PLACELabial −0.450 0.059 −7.690 0.000 PLACEAlveolar −0.345 0.093 −3.728 0.000 VOWEL/a/ −0.333 0.072 −4.649 0.000 VOWEL/i/ 0.139 0.134 1.037 0.301 VOWEL/u/ 0.711 0.072 9.918 0.000 VOWEL/e/ −0.282 0.072 −3.933 0.000 SERIESA : PLACELabial −0.030 0.045 −0.662 0.509 SERIESA : PLACEAlveolar −0.117 0.053 −2.196 0.029 SERIESA : VOWEL/a/ −0.066 0.061 −1.078 0.282 SERIESA : VOWEL/i/ 0.101 0.072 1.404 0.161 SERIESA : VOWEL/u/ 0.124 0.072 1.725 0.086 SERIESA : VOWEL/e/ −0.048 0.061 −0.781 0.435 PLACELabial : VOWEL/a/ −0.011 0.097 −0.110 0.912 PLACEAlveolar : VOWEL/a/ −0.017 0.131 −0.127 0.899 PLACELabial : VOWEL/i/ −0.292 0.134 −2.175 0.030 PLACEAlveolar : VOWEL/i/ 0.135 0.227 0.596 0.552 PLACELabial : VOWEL/u/ 0.016 0.072 0.220 0.826 PLACELabial : VOWEL/e/ 0.005 0.072 0.064 0.949 3 応答変数：f0 Formula: lm(F0 ~ SERIES) Term Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|) (Intercept) 0.000 0.034 0.000 1.000 SERIESA −0.798 0.034 −23.738 0.000