USE OF ADHESIVES TO IMPROVE ADAPTATION TO COMPLETE DENTURES

International independent scientific journal №78/2025 6 MEDICAL SCIENCES USE OF ADHESIVES TO IMPROVE ADAPTATION TO COMPLETE DENTURES Ibragimov E. Doctor of Philosophy in Biology.Assistent Mammadova S. Doctor of Philosophy in Medicine Assistent Ashrafov D. Department of Orthopedic Dentistry Assistent Azerbaijan Medical University Baku, Azerbaijan https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17311041 Abstract Economically developed countries are characterized by a widespread increase in the number of elderly and senile people. Recently, the number of people with complete loss of teeth has been increasing. Orthopedic treatment of complete adentia in elderly and senile patients is associated with certain difficulties, taking into account the mental and somatic status of the patient. In addition, there are inevitably occurring functional and physiological changes in the organs and tissues of the maxillofacial area. Age-related changes affect all organs of the maxillofacial region, in some cases caused by disturbances in various systems of the whole body (hormonal, muscular, digestive, etc.). Keywords: complete edentia, removable dentures, adhesives. In people undergoing primary dentures, the introduction of a denture into the oral cavity, especially a removable one, leads to an increase in saliva secretion, causing some discomfort. Because of this, there is no need to see a dentist; as soon as the oral cavity and tongue get used to the new conditions, i.e., to the prosthesis, saliva secretion returns to normal. During the same period, changes occur in organic and inorganic particles of saliva, occurring unnoticed by the prosthetic wearer. All these temporary changes arise as a result of the reaction of the body, and primarily of a certain section of the human nervous system. It takes longer to adapt to complete removable dentures, for six months [1, 4]. One of the physical factors that significantly influences the fixation of removable dentures is adhesion. Therefore, to improve it, it is advisable to use adhesive preparations that enhance the fixation and stabilization of removable dentures as a simpler and more convenient method for complete removable prosthetics. The use of adhesive compositions to improve the fixation of removable dentures increases the functional value of not only newly manufactured, but also old dentures, the displacement of the denture from the prosthetic bed when eating is reduced, the penetration of food under the denture is reduced, and the use of the denture becomes more comfortable. In industrialized countries, more than 780 million liters of adhesive cream for removable dentures are sold annually [5]. However, existing adhesive agents also have a number of disadvantages. For example, the use of adhesives in some cases provokes the occurrence of prosthetic stomatitis, as well as the growth of microbial flora [3]. Most fixing adhesive preparations are made on the basis of water-soluble polymers: natural polysaccharide - sodium alginate; artificial and synthetic components - carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), a mixture of sodiumcalcium salts of methyl vinyl ether copolymer of maleic anhydride (MVE/MA); polyglyceryl methacrylate and combinations of the above components with the inclusion of various components with antiseptic, refreshing, aromatizing, analgesic effects. At the Department of Orthopedic Dentistry of the Ural State Medical Academy, together with Olimp LLC, we have developed an alternative adhesive agent, qualitatively new in composition, in contrast to the currently offered adhesive agents - “Composition for fixing removable dentures”, patent No. 2177304 dated 12.27.01, on based on “TIZOL” (titanium glycerosolvate) and propolis [2]. Tizol is a new medicinal substance approved for medical use and has anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiviral, antiallergic, antioxidant, and analgesic effects. Tizol is in gel form; it does not accumulate liquid in tissues, protects tissues from drying out and swelling, and enhances their oxygenation. Propolis (bee glue, bond, tar) is a natural combination of biologically active compounds of plant and animal origin.Propolis is a sticky substance with a pleasant odor, dark brown color, bitter taste, with the following pharmacological properties: bactericidal and bacteriostatic, local anesthetic, antitoxic, antiviral, fungicidal, antiphlogistic, fungistatic, dermatoplastic, antimycotic, promotes the removal of poisons from the body, increases The body's resistance to radiation, is a strong antioxidant, enhances the effect of anesthetics [3]. We set the following tasks: l To identify an adhesive agent that has the greatest adhesive effect, to study the adhesion strength and duration of action of a particular adhesive in a humid environment, to determine the optimal percentage of Tizol to propolis in the adhesive agent we developed to identify a stronger adhesive effect. l Determine whether adhesives on the market and our proposed formulation have antimicrobial activity. l To determine whether the functioning of the dental system improves after prosthetics with removable dentures when using adhesive International independent scientific journal №78/2025 7 preparations. For a comparative assessment of the adhesive ability of adhesive agents, three methods were used: determining adhesion to the base, determining the adhesion of a complete removable denture to a model of the prosthetic bed, and assessing the stability of a complete removable denture directly in the oral cavity when using various adhesive agents. When developing the first method, the methodology developed by I.Ya. was adopted as its basis. Poyurovskaya, T.F. Sutugina, N.N. Urazaeva (1986). The studies were carried out by gluing plates made from the base plastic “Stomakril”, “Ftorax” with a mucous membrane obtained from animal tissues. Before starting work, the intestines were thawed and thoroughly washed of salt, then a triangular section of mucous measuring 7 x 7 x 7 cm was cut out. After that, the test adhesive agent (m = 0.06 g) was applied to the base plate in an even thin layer and the triangular sample was glued mucous, previously moistened with tap water. For a tight, uniform fit, a load weighing 1 kg was used, which was applied for 5 minutes. The plate, held under a load, was fixed in a tripod so that the base of the triangle was parallel to the plane of the table. Immediately before the test, the sample was peeled off by 0.5 cm from the top of the triangle to hang a weight, which caused further peeling (the weight of the weight was selected so that peeling occurred at approximately half the height of the triangle). After 1 minute, the weight was removed and the length (L) at which peeling practically stopped was measured. The adhesion force of the material to the substrate (P), balancing the load used, divided by the length of this line, characterizes the adhesive strength (A) of the connection of the adhesive with the base plastic and is calculated by the formula: A = P/L, g/cm (1). Similar tests were carried out taking into account the influence of a humid environment. Before starting the work itself, we conducted a control experiment without adhesive, the essence of which is as follows: a cut triangle is glued to a base plastic plate without first applying glue, after wetting it in tap water. To test the adhesive ability of commercial brands of adhesives, four of the most used and high-quality samples in terms of their characteristics were taken, which were powders (Corega super Haft-Pulver; “Pectafix”) and gels (Lacalut Dent; “Pectafix”) of imported and domestic production. Next, the adhesive ability of individual components was tested: tizol and propolis. Directly for the experiment itself, various mixtures of tizol with propolis were prepared, for which the adhesion coefficient was measured. As can be seen from the data obtained, the adhesion force of the substrate to the fabric without adhesive after wetting with water is at the error level. Without wetting, Tizol with a 25% addition of propolis has the greatest adhesive ability; with a subsequent increase in the amount of propolis, the adhesive properties of the system decrease. After wetting, the adhesive properties of the Tizol-propolis system are approximately in the middle between Pectafix and Lakalut. The graphical dependence of the adhesive strength coefficient on the amount of propolis is presented in Fig. 3, it shows that from the point of view of adhesive strength, an adhesive composition based on Tizol containing 25% propolis is optimal. However, this technique does not allow taking into account the factor of anatomical retention, so the reproducibility of this technique is not satisfactory (the relative error is up to 15%). In this regard, we proposed the following method. The degree of adhesion was assessed directly on removable dentures, strengthened with adhesive agents on plaster models reproducing the anatomical shape of the prosthetic bed. When using removable dentures with plaster models, no significant differences between Tizol gel with propolis and other adhesive compositions were found. The best results were shown by the “Super Corega” and “Pectafix” powders, the adhesive strength of which was significantly higher than the “Pectafix” gel (p < 0.05), and for the “Super Corega” powder it was also significantly higher than the “Lacalut Dent” gel (p < 0.05). 05). However, it should be taken into account that Tizol gel with 25% propolis demonstrated group averages comparable to other studied formulations, including formulations that showed the best results. The studies were carried out on three different prostheses; the surface of the prosthesis adjacent to the prosthetic bed was treated with adhesive; the area of this surface averaged 29.3 cm2. To recreate more natural conditions of the prosthetic bed, before each experiment, a plaster model was smeared with a diluted (3%) gelatin solution of the same volume and dried for 30 minutes at 100–120°C. Then, a 2 kg load was used for 5 minutes to ensure a tight fit of the prosthesis. The plaster model was fixed in a tripod and then, by uniformly adding small metal shot into a reservoir specially attached to the prosthesis, the mass of the load was determined at which the prosthesis was torn off from the prosthetic bed of the model. The experiment was repeated until satisfactory convergence of results (relative error was 7%). Adhesive strength was calculated as the quotient of the load in grams (M) divided by area (S): A = M / S, g/cm2 (2). The assessment of fixation of complete removable dentures of the upper jaw was carried out directly in the oral cavity of the patients. The force of fixation of the prosthesis along line A was compared, for which a metal plate 2 mm thick, 7 mm wide, 140 mm long was fixed to the prosthesis on self-hardening plastic. The plate was fixed in two areas, in the area of the distal edge of the prosthesis along the midline and in the area of the palatal surface of the central incisors, also along the midline of the prosthesis. A nylon thread was tied to the outer tip of the metal plate, passing it through a roller for unhindered sliding. The prosthesis with an adhesive agent applied to its inner surface was introduced into the oral cavity and pressed tightly against the prosthetic bed for 5 minutes. Then fine metal shot was evenly added to a reservoir specially attached to the thread, determining the mass of the load on electronic scales at which the prosthesis was torn off from the prosthetic bed. The study was carried out with a minimally open mouth of up to 0.8 cm. Four adhesive agents were compared: SUPER COREGA Haft-Creme; Lacalut Dent; Dentipur; "Tizol with propolis". In one visit, the patient was determined by the strength of fixation without adhesive, and with the application of one adhesive preparation to the prosthesis. To determine the strength of fixation with another adhesive, the patient International independent scientific journal №78/2025 8 was prescribed at least 24 hours later. Thus, an experiment was carried out on one day with only one of the above adhesives. After each adhesive, the patient thoroughly rinsed the mouth with a warm antiseptic solution until the adhesive was completely removed, and the prosthesis was also thoroughly cleaned. The experiment was carried out on 32 patients. In all patients, the strength of fixation of complete removable dentures on the upper jaw was different and individual in nature, depending on the anatomical conditions in the oral cavity, the degree of atrophy of the alveolar processes, anatomical retention, type of mucosa and other wellknown conditions. Antimicrobial activity study. The following were taken for the study: SUPER COREGA Haft-Pulver, SUPER COREGA Haft-Creme PresiDENT Garant, Lacalut Dent, Pectafix gel, Pectafix powder, adhesive agent based on Tizol with propolis, Tizol. The antimicrobial effect of adhesive preparations was studied in vitro by influencing the aerobic and facultative anaerobic microflora of the oral cavity of patients. To do this, smears were taken from the oral mucosa using sterile cotton swabs. The resulting material was inoculated with lawn onto Petri dishes with 10% blood agar. The tested adhesive agents (volume 3–4 mm3) were applied to the surface of the inoculated agar. The crops were incubated in a thermostat at 37°C for 48 hours. Antimicrobial activity was assessed by measuring the diameter of the growth inhibition zone for each preparation. In order to study the nature of the microflora, smears were prepared from the grown colonies and stained using the Gram method. In a comparative study of adhesive agents, it was found that the antimicrobial effect is most pronounced in the Pectafix gel. At the same time, as can be seen from the presented data, Pectafix powder had virtually no bactericidal effect. Thus, the antimicrobial effect of Pectafix gel is apparently due to the antibacterial substances contained in the gel base. When studying the qualitative composition of the microflora of the oral cavity according to the growth pattern on blood agar, as well as using microscopy of Gram-stained preparations, it was shown that viridans streptococci (100%) were found in all 73 examined patients, staphylococci - (89%) in 65 cases, fungi of the genus Candida - (38.4%) in 28 cases. Other representatives of the normal microflora of the oral cavity (stomatococci, diphtheroids, etc.) were found less frequently. In three cases, Pseudomonas aeruginosa was cultured (4.1%), in two cases, significant contamination of the mucous membrane with beta-hemolytic streptococcus (2.7%) was detected (Fig. 9). Thus, as a result of the research, it turned out that our proposed composition based on tizol with propolis mainly has weak antimicrobial activity. Conclusions: l The use of adhesives seems appropriate (based on tizol-propolis mixtures) and, of course, promising for practical use in order to improve the fixation of removable dentures and more quickly adapt to them. It should be noted that the adhesive ability of the proposed system (25% propolis) in relation to Pectafix with Lakalyut is initially higher and decreases after 1 hour. This allows the prosthesis to be most firmly fixed in particularly necessary cases (for example, before meals). l The composition we proposed based on tizol with propolis generally has weak antimicrobial activity, in contrast to the majority of adhesive agents taken for comparison, which do not have a bactericidal effect. In turn, the weak antimicrobial effect, on the one hand, prevents the development of dysbacteriosis, and on the other, prevents the development of pathogenic microflora in patients with removable dentures, which makes it possible to prescribe our proposed composition for a long period without the risk of any complications. l A gel based on Tizol with propolis not only solves the problem of fixing a removable denture on the tissues of the prosthetic bed, but also fully and optimally allows taking into account the interaction: “prosthesis-adhesive”, “adhesive - oral mucosa”, “adhesive - microflora of the cavity” mouth." l Of the foreign adhesive preparations, Corega Fix & Fest and SUPER COREGA have the best fixing properties. l Using adhesive agents, it is possible to achieve high rates of fixation and stabilization of the prosthesis; the result is visible immediately after use, which leads to a positive subjective assessment of the results of prosthetics by the patient himself, and provides psychological comfort when talking and eating. l Adhesive agents should be recommended to patients every time a newly manufactured prosthesis is applied, and not just in difficult cases. You should not delay the use of adhesive agents, since these are the means of choice when using prosthetics with plate prostheses, and not reserve means, which are often used after repeated unsuccessful alterations and corrections of prostheses. References: 1.Bushan, M.G. Oslozhnenija pri zubnom protezirovanii i ih profilaktika / M.G. Bushan, H.A. Kalamkarov. – Kishinev, 1983. – 299 s. 2.Voronov, A.P. Ortopedicheskoe lechenie bol'nyh s polnym otsutstviem zubov: uchebnoe posobie / A.P. Voronov, I.Ju. Lebedenko, I.A. Voronov. – Moskva: MEDpress– inform, 2006. – 320 s. 3.Opyt primenenija fiksirujushhih sredstv “PROTEFIX” / R.G. Galiev, A.G. Akat'ev, Je.I. Galieva, T.S. Chemikosova, V.F. Tatarinov // Sb. statej nauchno-prakt. konf. stomatologov respubliki. – Ufa: BGMU, 1997. – S. 120–122. 4.Dzhonsln, T. Metodiki izgotovlenija polnyh s#emnyh protezov / T. Dzhonsln, D.D. Vud; per. s angl. – L'vov: GalDent, 2013. – 136 s. 5.Zholudev, S. E. Sravnitel'naja ocenka primenenija adgezivnyh sredstv pri s#jomnom protezirovanii / S. E. Zholudev, T.D. Mirsaev // Materialy mezhoblastnoj nauchno-prakticheskoj konferencii. «Vysokojeffektivnye tehnologii v medicine». – Ekaterinburg: UGMA, 2001. 6.Klychkov, A.V. Jeffektivnost' ispol'zovanija adgezivnyh materialov pri polnom s#jomnom protezirovanii: dis. … kand. med. nauk / Klychkov A.V. – Samara, 2002. – 136 s.