Novel Neuromorphic Computing Elements Using Phase Change Memory Devices

)D]'H÷LúLPOL+DIÕ]DLOH1|URPRUILN+HVDSODPD (OHPDQODUÕ 1RYHO1HXURPRUSKLF&RPSXWLQJ(OHPHQWV8VLQJ 3KDVH&KDQJH0HPRU\'HYLFHV 2UNXQ+DVHNLRJOX1, $WLOOD+DVHNLRJOX1$GLO2]WXUN1 178%,7$..RFDHOL7XUNL\H RUNXQKDVHNLRJOX#WXELWDNJRYWU, DWLOODKDVHNLRJOX#WXELWDNJRYWU, DGLOR]WXUN#WXELWDNJRYWU Özetçe— (QWHJUH RSWLN GHYUHOHU NXOODQÕODUDNÕúÕNOD KHVDSODPD VRQ-\ÕOGDQ|URPRUILNKHVDSODPDNXDQWXPKHVDSODPDYHoLS ]HULQGHYHULGHSRODPDJLELELUGHQID]ODDODQGDE\NLOHUOHPHOHU ND\GHWPLúWLU %X QDQRIRWRQLN GHYUHOHULQ \NVHN KÕ]GD \HQLGHQ \DSÕODQGÕUÕOPDVÕQD VLQDSVODU YH\D URXWLQJ X\JXODPDODUÕ RODUDN NXOODQÕOPDODUÕ JLEL YH XOWUD KÕ]OÕ DQFDN \NVHN o|]QUONO GúN Jo WNHWLPOL IRWRGHWHNVL\RQD GD\DQDQ JHQLú ELU HNRVLVWHPLQ ROXúPDVÕQÕ VD÷ODPÕúWÕU *QP]GH WP EX LúOHYVHOOL÷L WHN ELU oLSH VÕ÷GÕUDFDN HQWHJUH ELU SODWIRUPX ELUOHúWLUPHNPPNQGH÷LOGLU5(63,7(SURMHVLQGHVSHULOHWNHQ -RXOH DQDKWDUODUÕQÕ Q|URQODU RODUDN oRN VHYL\HOL ID] GH÷LúLP KDIÕ]DHOHPDQODUÕQÕVLQDSWLND÷ÕUOÕNODURODUDNYHVSHULOHWNHQWHNIRWRQGHGHNW|UGL]LOHULQLUHWLQD RODUDNNXOODQDUDNJ|UPHYHELOLúL WHN ELU oLSWH ELUOHúWLUHQ \HQLOLNoL ELU SODWIRUP VXQXODFDNWÕU %X \HQL SODWIRUP EHQ]HUL J|UOPHPLú SHUIRUPDQV VHYL\HOHUL LOH VHQV|ULoLQ|URPRUILNKHVDSODPD\DRODQDNWDQÕ\DFDNWÕU3ODWIRUP DWWR-RXOH DQDKWDUODPD Jo WNHWLPL QDQRVDQL\H-DOWÕ JHFLNPH VUHVLYHNRPSDNWOÕN|]HOOLNOHULQHVDKLSRODFDNWÕU%XSODWIRUPXQ JHOLúWLULOPHVLQL GHVWHNOHPHN DPDFÕ\OD &2062/ 0XOWLSK\VLFV \D]ÕOÕPÕNXOODQÕODUDNGHWD\OÕÕVÕWUDQVIHULHOHNWURPDQ\HWLNYHID] G|QúPVLPODV\RQoDOÕúPDODUÕ\UWOPHNWHGLU Anahtar Kelimeler — ID] GH÷LúPHOL KDIÕ]D Q|URPRUILN hesaplama Abstract—&RPSXWLQJZLWKOLJKWXVLQJLQWHJUDWHGRSWLFVKDVVHHQ KXJH SURJUHVV RYHU WKH ODVW - \HDUV LQ PXOWLSOH ILHOGV VXFK DV QHXURPRUSKLFFRPSXWLQJTXDQWXPFRPSXWLQJDQGRQ-FKLSGDWD VWRUDJH7KLVKDVFUHDWHGDYDVWHFRV\VWHPWKDWUHOLHVRQKLJK-VSHHG UHFRQILJXUDWLRQV RI QDQRSKRWRQLF FLUFXLWV VXFK DV WKHLU XVH DV V\QDSVHVRUURXWLQJDSSOLFDWLRQVDQGXOWUDIDVW\HWKLJK-UHVROXWLRQ ORZ-SRZHUSKRWRGHWHFWLRQ&XUUHQWO\LWLVLPSRVVLEOHWRFRPELQH DOOWKHVHIXQFWLRQDOLWLHVLQWRDQLQWHJUDWHGSODWIRUPWKDWILWVRQWo a VLQJOH FKLS ,Q 5(63,7( E\ XWLOL]LQJ VXSHUFRQGXFWLQJ -RXOH VZLWFKHVDVQHXURQVPXOWL-OHYHOSKDVHFKDQJHPHPRU\HOHPHQWVDV V\QDSWLF ZHLJKWV DQG VXSHUFRQGXFWLQJ VLQJOH-SKRWRQ GHWHFWRU DUUD\V DV UHWLQD ZH ZLOO GHPRQVWUDWH D QRYHO SODWIRUP ZKLFK FRPELQHVYLVLRQDQGFRJQLWLRQRQDVLQJOHFKLS7KLVQHZSODWIRUP ZLOODOORZLQ-VHQVRUQHXURPRUSKLFFRPSXWLQJZLWKXQSUHFHGHQWHG SHUIRUPDQFH OHYHOV 7KH SODWIRUP ZLOO KDYH DWWR-RXOH VZLWFKLQJ SRZHUFRQVXPSWLRQVXE-QDQRVHFRQGODWHQF\DQGFRPSDFWQHVV 7R VXSSRUW WKH GHYHORSPHQW RI WKLV SODWIRUP GHWDLOHG KHDW WUDQVIHUHOHFWURPDJQHWLFDQGSKDVHFKDQJH VLPXODWLRQVWXGLHVDUH XQGHUZD\XWLOL]LQJ&2062/0XOWLSK\VLFVVRIWZDUH .H\ZRUGV — 3&0 SKDVH FKDQJH PHPRU\ QHXURPRUSKLF FRPSXWLQJ , *ø5øù 1|URPRUILN KHVDSODPD PDNLQH |÷UHQLPL X]DNWDQ DOJÕODPD URERWLN RWRPRWLY EL\RPHGLNDO WHNQRORMLOHU DVNHUL YH GDKD ELUoRNDODQGDKLOROPDN]HUHX\JXODPDODUÕRODQE\\HQELU ELOLPVHO YH HQGVWUL\HO DODQGÕU 6SHU LOHWNHQOHULQ ND\ÕSVÕ] RODUDN ROD÷DQVW LOHWLP \DSDELOPH \HWHQH÷L WÕEEL FLKD]ODU KÕ]OÕGLMLWDOGHYUHOHUYHVHQV|UOHUJLELVD\ÕVÕ]X\JXODPD\DLPNDQ WDQÕPÕúWÕU *o WNHWLPLQLQ |OoHNOHQGLUPH LoLQ E\N ELU GDUER÷D]ROGX÷XQ|URPRUILNKHVDSODPDDODQÕQGDEXWHNQL÷LQ X\JXODQPDVÕVRQGHUHFHPDQWÕNOÕGÕU 6RQ \ÕOODUGD Q|URPRUILN KHVDSODPD ED]Õ DODQODUGD VSHU ELOJLVD\DUODUÕELOHJHULGHEÕUDNDFDNGHUHFHGHE\NJHOLúPHOHU J|VWHUPLúWLU $QFDN úX DQD NDGDU WHNQRORML EHNOHQHQ SHUIRUPDQVVHYL\HVLQH\DQLLQVDQEH\QLQLQJ|UPHYHWDQÕPD J|UHYL SHUIRUPDQVÕQD XODúDPDPÕúWÕU 1|URPRUILN KHVDSODPDQÕQ HQ |QHPOL X\JXODPDODUÕQGDQ ED]ÕODUÕ PHWDORNVLW-\DUÕLOHWNHQ &026 WHNQRORMLVL YH oRN VHYL\HOL PHPULVWRUOHUH GD\DQPÕúWÕU [1,2] %X X\JXODPDODU KHQ] EHNOHQWLOHUL NDUúÕODPDPÕúWÕU EXQXQ EDúOÕFD QHGHQOHUL |OoHNOHQHELOLUOLN VRUXQODUÕPHPULVWRUODUÕQVÕQÕUODPDODUÕGLUHQo GH÷LúLPL LOH HOHNWULNVHO YH IRWRQLN X\JXODPDODUGDNL RSWLN ND\ÕSODU YH |]HOOLNOH 6L EDQG DUDOÕ÷ÕQÕQ |WHVLQGH oDOÕúDQ J|UQW VHQV|UOHUL\OH &026 SODWIRUPODUÕQÕQ GR÷XúWDQ JHOHQ X\XPVX]OX÷XYH|OoHNOHQGLUPHVRUXQODUÕGÕU6SHULOHWNHQ-RXOH DQDKWDUODUÕYHNUL\RMHQLNID]GH÷LúLPPDO]HPHOHULWHPHOLQGHNL \HQLOLNoL Q|URPRUILN WHNQRORMLPL] N|NO \HQL RODVÕOÕNODU VXQPDNWDGÕU 2024 32nd Signal Processing and Communications Applications Conference (SIU) | 979-8-3503-8896-1/24/$31.00 ©2024 IEEE | DOI: 10.1109/SIU61531.2024.10600797 979-8-3503-8896-1/24/$31.00 ©2024 IEEE Authorized licensed use limited to: TUB¿TAK ULAKB¿M. Downloaded on October 23,2025 at 10:18:31 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply. x $\QÕoLSWHJ|UPH89GHQ,5\HWHN-IRWRQ J|UQWOHPHYHELOLúJ|UQWLúOHPH x <NVHOWLOPLúVÕFDNOÕNODUGD-.LúOHP\DSDELOPH NRPSDNWGúNJoWNHWLPOLNUL\RVWDWODUDLPNDQ VD÷ODU x <NVHNSHUIRUPDQVOÕVSHULOHWNHQPDQWÕN 6SHULOHWNHQ-RXOHDQDKWDUODUÕQÕQYHNUL\RMHQLND\DUODQDELOLUID] GH÷LúLP GLUHQoOHULQLQ LQRYDWLI NRPELQDV\RQX GDKD |QFH |QHULOHQ NUL\RMHQLN Q|URPRUILN KHVDSODPD SODWIRUPODUÕQD YH |]HOOLNOH -RVHSKVRQ ELUOHúLP WDEDQOÕ PLPDULOHUH NÕ\DVOD GDKD \NVHN VÕFDNOÕNODUGD oDOÕúDELOHQ YH \NVHN GHUHFHGH |OoHNOHQHELOLUOL÷H VDKLS ELU Q|URPRUILN KHVDSODPD SODWIRUPX JFVD÷ODU<NVHNSHUIRUPDQVOÕ-RXOHDQDKWDUÕWHNQRORMLVLQLQ JHOLúWLULOPHVL J|UQWOHPH LoLQ |OoHNOHQGLULOPLú VHQV|UOHULPL]LQ EHQ]HUVL] \HWHQHNOHULQL YH |]HOOLNOH RQ-OLQH WÕEEL J|UQW LúOHPH DODQÕQGDNL Q|URPRUILN SODWIRUPXPX]XQ KHVDSODPD JF YH SHUIRUPDQVÕQÕ VHUJLOH\HFH÷L LoLQ WLFDULOHúWLUPHLoLQJYHQLOLUELUWHPHOROXúWXUDFDNWÕU5(63,7( NRQVRUVL\XPXQGDNL HQGVWUL RUWDNODUÕ $YUXSDQÕQ LQRYDWLI Q|URIRWRQLN WDEDQOÕ DODQGD YH D\UÕFD WÕEEL J|UQWOHPH SD]DUÕQGD OLGHU ELU NRQXP HOGH HWPHVLQL YH EX NRQXPX NRUXPDVÕQÕVD÷OD\DFDNWÕU ,, 02'(/ $ +HVDSODPDLoLQ6SHULOHWNHQ-RXOH$QDKWDUÕ6-6 0NHPPHO ELU LOHWNHQ ROPDVÕQÕQ \DQÕ VÕUD ELU VSHU LOHWNHQ Lo NÕVPÕQGDQ PDQ\HWLN DODQÕ GÕúDUÕ DWDU 0HLVVQHU HWNLVL%XDWÕOPDNULWLNPDQ\HWLNDODQRODUDNDGODQGÕUÕODQELU HúLNVHYL\HVLQHNDGDUX]DQÕU6SHULOHWNHQWHOOHULoLQEXNULWLN PDQ\HWLN DODQ VRQXo RODUDN ELU NULWLN DNÕP ROXúWXUXU %X PHWDVWDELO GXUXP NÕ]ÕO|WHVL UDG\DV\RQXQ WHN IRWRQODUÕQÕ DOJÕODPDN LoLQ JHUHNOL KDVVDVL\HWH XODúPDN DPDFÕ\OD QDQRWHOOHUGH YH \DNÕQ ]DPDQGD PLNURWHOOHUGH NXOODQÕOPDNWDGÕU $NÕP WDúÕ\DQ ELU WHOGH VSHU LOHWNHQOL÷LQ E|OJHVHO RODUDN ER]XOPDVÕQGDQ KHPHQ VRQUD -RXOH ÕVÕQPDVÕ PH\GDQDJHOLUGLUHQoOLKDOHJHOHQELUE|OJHGHQJHoHQDNÕPÕVÕ UHWLU YH EX QHGHQOH VSHU LOHWNHQ ROPD\DQ E|OJH GDKD GD JHQLúOHU -RXOH ÕVÕQPDVÕQÕQ GLQDPL÷L PDO]HPH YH JHRPHWULN SDUDPHWUHOHUHED÷OÕGÕU|UQH÷LQDOWOÕ÷ÕQYHWHOLQÕVÕOLOHWNHQOL÷L YHÕVÕNDSDVLWHVLVSHULOHWNHQWHOLQ GLUHQFLYHER\XWODUÕDPD D\QÕ]DPDQGDDNÕPÕQPXWODNGH÷HULYHYDUVDú|QWHPSHGDQVÕQÕQ GH÷HULGH|QHPOLGLU-RXOHÕVÕQPDVÕDQDKWDUODPDSHUIRUPDQVÕQÕ D\DUODPDN LoLQ PDO]HPH SDUDPHWUHOHULQGH D] VD\ÕGD VHoHQHN YDUGÕU DQFDN DNÕPYH ú|QW HPSHGDQVÕ EHOLUOL ELU SHUIRUPDQV HOGHHWPHN]HUHD\DUODQDELOLUgUQH÷LQELUWHOLQDQDKWDUODPD LúOHPLQLQ GL÷HU ED÷OÕ VSHULOHWNHQ HOHPDQODUÕQ DQDKWDUODPD LúOHPLQHED÷OÕROPDVÕPPNQGU+HUVSHULOHWNHQLQHWNLVL ELUNDo SDVLI GHYUH HOHPDQÕ GLUHQoOHU YH NLQHWLN LQGNW|UOHU NXOODQÕODUDN GD D\DUODQDELOLU EX GD LNLOL PDQWÕN X\JXODPDODUÕQÕQ \DQÕ VÕUD \DSD\ VLQLU D÷ODUÕQÕQ JHUoHNOHúWLULOPHVLQHRODQDNWDQÕUùHNLOGHNDYUDPVDORODUDN J|VWHULOGL÷LJLELILNLUELUJUXS-RXOHDQDKWDUÕQÕQMNDWPDQÕQGD EDúND ELU KHGHI -RXOH DQDKWDUÕQD N NDWPDQÕQGD NROHNWLI HWNLVLQH GD\DQÕU +HU ED÷ODQWÕQÕQ JF NHQGL ED÷ÕPVÕ] HPSHGDQV D÷Õ LOH D÷ÕUOÕNODQGÕUÕOÕU *HQHO RODUDN ùHNLO GH J|VWHULOHQ ED÷ODQWÕODUÕQ oLIW \|QO ROGX÷X YH EX QHGHQOH EX úHPDQÕQWHNUDUHGHQD÷ODUÕQX\JXODQPDVÕQDGDRODQDNWDQÕGÕ÷Õ GLNNDWHDOÕQPDOÕGÕU % 3&0¶OHULQVLQDSWLN$÷ÕUOÕNODURODUDN 2SWLN 3URJUDPODQPDVÕ 2[IRUGhQLYHUVLWHVLQGHNL82;)RUWDNJUXS3&0¶OHULQ RSWLN SURJUDPODQPDVÕNRQXVXQGDROGXNoDGHQH\LPOLGLUùHNLO  ID] GH÷LúLPOL ELULP KFUHVLQLQ WHPHO oDOÕúPD SUHQVLELQLQ úHPDWLN ELU J|VWHULPLQL \DQÕQGD WLSLN ELU 6L1 FLKD]ÕQÕQ UHWLOPLúELU|UQH÷LQLJ|VWHUPHNWHGLUùHNLODWLSLN\D]PD DPRUIL]DV\RQ ùHNLO1|URQRODUDNNXOODQÕODQ-RXOHBVZLWFKOHULQúHPDWLNJ|VWHULPL KFUHVL EXUDGD *67 \HUOHúWLULOPLú RSWLN GDOJD NÕODYX]X ER\XQFDJ|QGHULOPHVLQLYHDPRUIL]DV\RQLOHNULVWDOL]DV\RQXQ GDOJD NÕODYX]XQGDQ JHoHUHN ROXúDQ RSWLN LOHWLP ]HULQGHNL HWNLVLQL X\JXQ RNXPD GDUEHOHUL WDUDIÕQGDQ DOJÕODQPDVÕQÕ úHPDWLN RODUDN J|VWHULU ùHNLO E GDOJD NÕODYX]X YH NDIHV HúOHúWLULFLRSWLNPLNURVNRSJ|UQWVQYHEXQODUÕQ\DQÕVÕUD GDOJDNÕODYX]XQXQ ]HULQH\HUOHúWLULOPLú3&0KFUHVLQLQ\DNÕQ oHNLPLQLJ|VWHULUùHNLOFFLKD]\DSÕVÕQÕQNHVLWRODUDNúHNOLQL J|VWHUPHNWHGLU 3URMH RUWDNODUÕ 6L1 GDOJD NÕODYX]X FLKD]ODUÕ NXOODQDUDN EDúDUÕOÕ ELU úHNLOGH LNLOL YH oRN VHYL\HOL EHOOHN LúOHPLQLJ|VWHUGLNWHQVRQUDWDVDUÕPODUÕHQGVWULGHGDKD\D\JÕQ NXOODQÕODQ YH EX SURMHGHNL GL÷HU RUWDNODU WDUDIÕQGDQ E\N |OoHNOLIRWRQLNFLKD]ODUÕQUHWLOHELOHFH÷L<DOÕWNDQ-]HUL-6LOLNRQ 62, SODWIRUPXQD DNWDUDFDNWÕU 'HQH\OHUGH EHOOHN YH LúOHP IRQNVL\RQODUÕ LoLQ NXOODQÕODELOHFHN ³VWDWH´OHU DUDVÕQGD |QHPOL ELUNRQWUDVWROGX÷XJ|UOPúWUdDOÕúPD62,FLKD]ÕQGDoRN VHYL\HOL GHSRODPD EDúDUÕVÕ HOGH HWPLúWLU 6L GDOJD NÕODYX]X WDEDQOÕ FLKD]ODU NXOODQPDQÕQ ELUNDo oHNLFL |]HOOL÷L YDUGÕU EXQODUDUDVÕQGDGDKDNoNFLKD]D\DNL]LGDKDKÕ]OÕÕVÕWPDVR÷XWPDVUHOHULYHHQGVWUL\HOIDEULNDKDWODUÕ LOHX\XPOXOXN \HUDOÕU+HP3&0-6L1KHPGH3&0-62,EX|QHULGHNLE\N |OoHNOL HQWHJUDV\RQYH GDOJDER\X E|OP oR÷XOODPD :'0 \HWHQHNOHULX\JXODPDVÕLoLQX\JXQGXU ùHNLO D3&0KFUHVLE3&0RSWLFPLNURVNRSJ|UQWVF3&0DUDNHVLWL Authorized licensed use limited to: TUB¿TAK ULAKB¿M. Downloaded on October 23,2025 at 10:18:31 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply. & g÷HQPH$OJRULWPDODUÕYH'RQDQÕP8\JXODPDVÕ %LU Q|URPRUILN SODWIRUPXQ WDVDUÕPÕQGD |QHPOL RODQ |÷UHQPH DOJRULWPDODUÕQÕQ WDVDUÕPÕ YH RSWLPL]DV\RQX LOH EX DOJRULWPDODUÕQ GRQDQÕP X\JXODPDVÕGÕU .RQVRUVL\XP \HPL] )UDXQKRIHU++,QLQ9LGHR.RGODPD$QDOLWLNE|OPQGHNL 0DNLQHg÷UHQLPL*UXEXQXQDQDDUDúWÕUPDNRQXODUÕQGDQELUL GHULQ VLQLU D÷Õ H÷LWLPLQLQ YH oÕNDUÕPÕQÕQ GDKD YHULPOL KDOH JHWLULOPHVLQLVD÷OD\DQ\|QWHPOHUYHDOJRULWPDODUODLOJLOLGLUøú RUWD÷Õ EX ODERUDWXYDU GHULQ PRGHOOHULQ VÕNÕúWÕUÕOPDVÕ LoLQ \HQLOLNoL \|QWHPOHU JHOLúWLUPLú D\UÕFD H÷LWLP YH oÕNDUÕPÕQ KHVDSODPDNDUPDúÕNOÕ÷ÕQÕ|QHPOL |OoGH D]DOWDQ DOJRULWPDODU WDVDUODPÕúWÕU>-5@g]HOOLNOHIDUNOÕWUOHUGHNLJUOWOHUHNDUúÕ oÕNDUÕP]DPDQÕQGD'11OHULGD\DQÕNOÕKDOHJHWLUHFHN\HQLOLNoL \|QWHPOHU WDVDUODPÕúODUGÕU 6RPXW RODUDN JUXS '11OHUL H÷LWLP-VRQUDVÕ NXDQWL]DV\RQD NDUúÕ GD\DQÕNOÕ KDOH JHWLUPH\L DPDoOD\DQ ELU \|QWHP JHOLúWLUPLúWLU %X GDKD GD\DQÕNOÕ PLQLPXPODUD\DWNÕQOÕNROXúWXUPDNDPDFÕ\OD H÷LWLP VÕUDVÕQGD D÷ÕUOÕNODUD |]HOOLNOHLQGNOHQHQJUOW HNOHQPHVLQH GD\DQDQ %D\HVLDQ LONHOHOHULQL X\JXODPD\D GD\DQÕU %X 5(63,7( SURMHVLQGH DUDúWÕUÕODQ NRQXODUOD GHULQGHQ LOJLOLGLU <DQL |QHUGL÷LPL] GRQDQÕP '11OHULQ X\DUODQPDVÕ JHUHNHQ |]HO WUGHELUJUOWUHWLU ,,, 8=81 'g1(0 7(.12/2-ø. (7.ø $ 1|URPRUILN+HVDSODPD %XDUDúWÕUPDQÕQDQDKHGHILRODUDNQ|URPRUILNKHVDSODPD RWRQRP DUDoODUGDQ J|UQW YH YHUL LúOHPH\H WHOHNRPQLNDV\RQD NDGDU oRN VD\ÕGD \HQLX\JXODPDODUÕ RODQ KÕ]OD JHQLúOH\HQ ELU ELOLPVHO YH HQGVWUL\HO DODQGÕU 3D]DU E\NO÷GD0LO\DULGLYHHNDGDUEHNOHQHQ E\PHRUDQÕWU>@$QDVHNW|UOHUWNHWLFLHOHNWURQL÷L RWRPRWLY HQGVWULVL VD÷OÕN HQGVWULVL YH DVNHUL DODQGÕU 1|URPRUILNKHVDSODPDQÕQ|QHPOLX\JXODPDDODQODUÕ|UQH÷LQ J|UQW LúOHPH |]HOOLNOH EL\R-J|UQWOHPH YHUL LúOHPH YH QHVQH WHVSLWL GH SURMHPL]LQ NDSVDPÕQGDGÕU 5(63,7( SURMHVLQLQ GL÷HU DODQODUGD GD |QHPOL HWNLOHUL ROPDVÕQÕ EHNOL\RUX]gQHULOHQJ|UQWOHPHVHQV|UGQ\DoDSÕQGDDUWDQ XOXVDODUDúWÕUPD\DWÕUÕPODUÕYHD\UÕFDNXDQWXPDOJÕODPDQÕQG|UW DQDVWXQXQGDQELULRODUDNNDEXOHGLOHQ4XDQWXP7HFKQRORJ\ FET-)ODJVKLS SURJUDPÕ WDUDIÕQGDQ GD WH\LW HGLOGL÷L ]HUH NXDQWXPDOJÕODPDQÕQJHOHFHNWHNL$YUXSDHQGVWULOHULLoLQNULWLN ELU URO R\QDPDVÕ EHNOHQPHNWHGLU %X ED÷ODPGD |QHULOHQ J|UQWOHPHVHQV|UJHOHFHN$YUXSDHQGVWULOHULLoLQNLOLWELU VWUDWHMLNWHNQRORML\LWHPVLOHGHFHNWLU .XDQWXP SL\DVDVÕQÕQ GÕúÕQGD 5(63,7( SURMHVLQLQ DúD÷ÕGDNLX\JXODPDODULoLQNXOODQÕODELOHFH÷LQL|QJ|UPHNWH\L] % 'úN-IRWRQOX.XDQWXP*|UQWOHPHøOHWLúLP 0HYFXWVSHULOHWNHQQDQR-WHONXDQWXPVHQV|UWHNQRORMLOHUL GL÷HU VHQV|U WHNQRORMLOHULQH NÕ\DVOD oRN GDKD L\L DOJÕODPD YHULPOLOL÷L]DPDQo|]QUO÷YHEDQWJHQLúOL÷LVXQPDNWDGÕU DQFDN úLPGL\H NDGDU HWNLVL HVDV RODUDN NDUPDúÕN RNXPD HQWHJUDV\RQXLKWL\DFÕ QHGHQL\OHVÕQÕUOÕNDOPÕúWÕU5(63,7(EX VRUXQX\HQLOLNoLELUoLS]HULQGHJ|UQWLúOHPHELULPLVXQDUDN GR÷UXGDQHOHDOPDNWDGÕU%XGL]LOHULQHQWHJUDV\RQX>NXDQWXP@ RSWLNEL\RPHGLNDO PLNURVNRSL YH X]D\ LOHWLúLPLQLQ SHUIRUPDQVÕQÕ EHOLUJLQ úHNLOGH L\LOHúWLUPH SRWDQVL\HOLQH VDKLSWLU %X WHNQRORMLQLQ JHOLúWLULOPHVL KDOHQ \NVHN-ULVN DúDPDVÕQGDRODQGH÷HU\DUDWÕPÕQÕDUWÕUDFDNWÕU & ,úÕN$OJÕODPDYH0HVDIHgOoP/LGDU /LGDUKHGHILGDUEHOLOD]HUÕúÕ÷ÕLOHD\GÕQODWDUDNYH\DQVÕ\DQ GDUEHOHULELUVHQV|ULOHDOJÕOD\DUDNKHGHIHRODQPHVDIH\L|OoHQ ELULQFHOHPH\|QWHPLGLU/D]HULQJHULG|Qú]DPDQODUÕQGDNLYH GDOJDER\ODUÕQGDNLIDUNOÕOÕNODU|UQH÷LQVHUDJD]ODUÕQÕQ\NVHN o|]QUONOGLMLWDO'J|VWHULPLQL\DSPDNLoLQNXOODQÕODELOLU *|UQWOHPHVLVWHPLPL]EXWHNQL÷LQNXOODQÕODELOLUOL÷LQLE\N |OoGHDUWÕUDFDNWÕU\ÕOÕQGDNL/LGDUSD]DUE\NO÷ 0LO\RQROXS\ÕOOÕNE\PHRUDQÕGLU ' %L\RIRWRQLN 5(63,7( SURMHVLQLQ oÕNWÕODUÕ $YUXSDQÕQ EL\RIRWRQLNOH LOJLOL SD]DUGDNL HQGVWUL\HO NRQXPXQX JoOHQGLUHFHNWLU $QD Q|URJ|UQWOHPHWHNQRORMLOHULQGHQELULRODQSR]LWURQHPLV\RQ WRPRJUDILVL3(7SURMHQLQNDSVDPÕLoLQGHGLU3(75(63,7( SURMHVLQGH HOH DOÕQDQ WHN IRWRQ VHQV|UOHULQLQ ELU GL]LVL WDUDIÕQGDQIRWRQODUÕQGR÷UXELUúHNLOGHDOJÕODQPDVÕQDGD\DQÕU gQHULOHQ\HQLOLNOHUPLO\DUGRODUOÕNEXSD]DUGDNXOODQÕODELOLU [7@ ( <NVHN%DQW*HQLúOL÷LQH6DKLS2SWLNøOHWLúLP 6RV\DO ED÷ODQWÕPÕ] WHOHNRPQLNDV\RQD GD\DQPDNWDGÕU  \ÕOÕQGD  WULO\RQ 86' SD]DU E\NO÷ LOH WHOHNRPQLNDV\RQHQE\NNUHVHOSD]DUODUGDQELULGLU'DKD KÕ]OÕLOHWLúLPLKWL\DFÕPÕ]E\PHQLQLWLFLJFROPXúWXUYHEX E\PHQLQ JHOHFHNWH GH GHYDP HWPHVL EHNOHQPHNWHGLU 5(63,7( SURMHVLQLQ KHGHI X\JXODPDODUÕQGDQ ELUL ILEHU GLVSHUVL\RQNRPSDQ]DW|UGU4$0JLELNRKHUHQWPRGODV\RQ IRUPDWODUÕQÕ NXOODQPD H÷LOLPOHUL oRN GDKD \NVHN EDQd KÕ]ODUÕQD RODQDN WDQÕU YH |QHUGL÷LPL] GRQDQÕP VRQ GHUHFH YHULPOL YH XOWUD KÕ]OÕ JHUoHN ]DPDQOÕ LúOHPH\H RODQDN WDQÕ\DFDNWÕU %X GRQDQÕPÕQ úX DQGD WNHWLFL NXOODQÕPÕ LoLQ X\JXQROPDGÕ÷ÕQÕNDEXOHWVHNGHHQGúNVLQ\DOVHYL\HOHULQGH \DQL WHN IRWRQODUGD EX GD YHUL WHNUDUOD\ÕFÕODUÕ DUDVÕQGDNL PHVDIHOHULDUWÕUDUDNYHYHULFLWDUDIÕQGD|QHPOL|OoGHJo WDVDUUXIX VD÷OD\DUDN oDOÕúDELOHQ YH HQ \NVHN ELW KÕ]ODUÕQGD KL]PHWYHUHELOHFHNELUYHULWHNUDUOD\ÕFÕRODUDNL\LELUúHNLOGH KL]PHWYHUHELOLU ) 8]D\YH8\GX9HULøOHWLúLPL 5(63,7(SURMHVLQLQVRQXoODUÕQÕQYHULOHULQoRNGúNJoWH YHE|\OHFHSDKDOÕYHULLOHWLPLQL|QHPOL|OoGHD]DOWDFDNúHNLOGH \NOHQGL÷L \HUGH|QFHGHQ LúOHQPHVLQH LPNDQ WDQÕ\DFD÷Õ LoLQ X]D\ YH X\GX LOHWLúLP X\JXODPDODUÕ LoLQ VRQ GHUHFH X\JXQ RODFD÷ÕQÕ |QJ|UPHNWH\L] gUQH÷LQ J|UQWOHULQ EXOXWODU WDUDIÕQGDQ NDSDWÕOGÕ÷Õ GXUXPODUGD WP J|UQWOHULQ VÕ LOJL oHNPH\HQ J|UQW E|OPOHUL RQ-ERDUG GHULQ |÷UHQPH Authorized licensed use limited to: TUB¿TAK ULAKB¿M. Downloaded on October 23,2025 at 10:18:31 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply. NXOODQDUDNDWÕODELOLU8\GXYHULVLSD]DUÕQÕQ\ÕOÕQDNDGDU 0LO\DU'RODUGH÷HULQHXODúPDVÕEHNOHQPHNWHGLU>8@ * <NVHN6ÕFDNOÕNWD6SHULOHWNHQ'HGHNW|UOHU *HoWL÷LPL] \LUPL \ÕOGD VSHULOHWNHQ GHGHNW|UOHU DODQÕ 6163'OHU JLEL ELUNDo \HQLOLNoL FLKD]ÕQ WLFDULOHúWLULOPHVLQH WDQÕN ROPXúWXU %XJQ 6163'OHU ELUoRN NXDQWXP RSWLN ODERUDWXYDUÕQGDVWDQGDUWDUDoODUGÕUYHSD]DU KÕ]OD E\\HUHN WÕEEL RSWLN JLEL \HQL DODQODUÕ NDSVDPDNWDGÕU 'DKD \NVHN VÕFDNOÕNWD GHGHNW|UOHU JHOLúWLUPHN VR÷XWPD PDOL\HWOHULQL GúUHUHNE|\OHFHGDKDE\NELUoHYUH\HFD]LSKDOHJHWLUHUHN PHYFXW SD]DUÕ KHPHQ HWNLOH\HFHN YH KHQ] NHúIHGLOPHPLú SODWIRUPODUGD WHVSLW PHNDQL]PDODUÕ KDNNÕQGD KH\HFDQ YHULFL \HQLELOLPVHOVH]JLOHUVD÷OD\DFDNWÕU + 7RSOXPVDO(WNL 2QOLQH J|UQW LúOH\LFLVLQLQ EHNOHQHQ WRSOXPVDO HWNLVL E\NWU gUQH÷LQ EL\RIRWRQLN DODQÕQGD RSWLN \|QWHPOHUH GD\DOÕNOLQLNWDQÕDUDoODUÕQGDVD÷ODQDFDNE\NL\LOHúWLUPHOHU GDKD KDVVDV WDQÕ DUDoODUÕQD \RO DoDFDN YH EX GD GDKD GúN PDOL\HWOHUOHGDKDL\LEDNÕPVD÷ODQPDVÕQÕPPNQNÕODFDNWÕU /LGDUVHQV|UOHULQLQL\LOHúWLULOPHVLVHUDJD]ODUÕQÕQFDQOÕRODUDN L]OHQPHVLQLVD÷OD\DFDNE|\OHFHHPLV\RQODUÕQVÕQÕUODQGÕUÕOPDVÕ VWUDWHMLOHULLoLQKD\DWL|QHPHVDKLSRODELOHFHNúHNLOGHNDWNÕGD EXOXQDELOHFHNWLU)LEHU ER]XOPDNRPSDQ]DW|UKHVDSODPDYH LOHWLúLP KÕ]ÕQGD |QHPOL L\LOHúWLUPHOHU VD÷OD\DUDN GDKD L\L ED÷ODQWÕYHE\NYHULLúOHPHKÕ]ÕVXQDELOLU%XGXUXPLQWHUQHWRI-WKLQJV QHVQHOHULQ LQWHUQHWL YH QRNWDGDQ-QRNWD\D EDNÕPÕQ SHUIRUPDQVÕQÕDUWÕUDELOLU ,96218d %X oDOÕúPDPÕ]GD \aSD\ ]HND DOJRULWPD X\JXODPDODUÕ JLEL \R÷XQKHVDSODPDNDELOL\HWLJHUHNWLUHQLúOHPOHUGHNXOODQÕOPDN ]HUH GúN JoNXOODQÕPÕGROD\ÕVÕ\ODHQHUMLYHULPL GHVD÷OD\DQ RSWLNYH\DHOHNWULNGDUEHOHUOHSURJUDPODQDELOHQID]GH÷LúPHOL KDIÕ]D3&0YHVSHULOHWNHQGHWHNW|UOHUGHQROXúDQELUVLQLUD÷Õ \DSÕVÕ |QHULOPHNWHGLU %HQ]HWLPOHU LoLQ GHWD\OÕ ÕVÕ WUDQVIHUL HOHNWURPDQ\HWLN YH ID] G|QúP VLPODV\RQ oDOÕúPDODUÕ &2062/0XOWLSK\VLFV\D]ÕOÕPÕLOHVUGUOPHNWHGLU %ø/*ø/(1'ø50( %XoDOÕúPD(8(,&*UDQWYH78%,7$.WDUDIÕQGDQ QXPDUDOÕ SURMHLOHGHVWHNOHQPLúWLU .$<1$./$5 [1] 0DFNLQ &KDUOHV HW DO 2SWLPLVHG ZHLJKW SURJUDPPLQJ IRU DQDORJXH PHPRU\-EDVHG GHHS QHXUDO QHWZRUNV Nature communications   [2] =KRX:HQHW DO 3KDVH-FKDQJH PDWHULDOV IRU HQHUJ\-HIILFLHQWSKRWRQLF PHPRU\DQGFRPSXWLQJ MRS Bulletin - >@ 1 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN), Budapest, Hungary, pp. 1-8, 2019. >@ arXiv:2004.01077v2, 2020; arXiv:2004.04729, 2020. [5] IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems, pp. 1 – 14, 202 >@ Neuromorphic Computing Market Size, Share & Trends Analysis Report, 2018 – 2024, https://www.grandviewresearch.com/industryanalysis/neuromorphic-computing-market [7] Global Diagnostic Neuroimaging Markets and Emerging Applications, Forecast to 2022, Frost & Hamilton (www.frost.com) [8] Satellite Data Services Market Size, Share & Trends Analysis Report And Segment Forecasts, 2020 – 2027. https://www.grandviewresearch.com/industry-analysis/satellite-dataservices-market Authorized licensed use limited to: TUB¿TAK ULAKB¿M. Downloaded on October 23,2025 at 10:18:31 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.