Emergent Gravity from the Absolute Vacuum: Quantum Unification without Renormalization

Emergent Gravity from the Absolute Vacuum: Quantum Unification without Renormalization Ali Makraini∗1and Mohamed Makraini†1 1Department of Physics, University of Granada July 10, 2025 Abstract We propose a theoretical framework in which the **Absolute Vacuum** (defined as a metaphysical absence of space, time, and physical laws) acts as a primordial substrate [1] for the emergence of the observable universe. Problem: Current physics cannot explain why [2]: •Gravity is incompatible with quantum mechanics, •Quarks cannot be isolated (confinement), •Entanglement defies common sense. Proposed solution: The **Absolute Vacuum (AV)** —an ontological nothingness without space-time— gives rise to: 1. Gravity as a VA/ST density gradient, explaining accelerated expansion as an “inverted gravitational collapse” into the Absolute Vacuum. 2. Particle mass as a quantum effect arising from the transition between the Absolute Vacuum and space-time. 3. Entanglement as non-locality within the AV. Quantum superposition and entanglement are seen as manifestations of non-local correlations in the Absolute Vacuum. 4. Dark energy as the residual pressure of the emerging space-time. 5. Confinement as dissipation into the AV. Key result: The equations are finite without renormalization and predict testable anomalies at LHC/LISA. 1 The Great Crisis of Modern Physics Modern physics faces fundamental paradoxes: •Dark Energy: (68% of the universe) has no explanation in the Standard Model. •Quantum Mass: The Higgs mechanism does not explain specific mass values. •Gravity vs. Quantum: The gap between general relativity and QFT (why aren’t they unified?). •Superposition: Particles lack position until measurement. •Unsolved Problems: Dark energy, mass hierarchy, entanglement. •Here, we postulate that anomalies arise from treating spacetime as an emergent phenomenon from an Absolute Vacuum (not to be confused with the quantum vacuum). •Why current approaches fail: Strings, LQG, entropic gravity don’t address the origin of spacetime. ∗[email protected] †[email protected] 1 2 The Absolute Void: Primordial Substrate •Definition: VA := {Total absence of space, time, energy, physical laws}. •VA→Space-Time Transition: T:HVA → HET,Φ = Higgs as a transition operator. •Key metaphor: The VA is like the “source code” of the universe; space-time its “graphical interface”. 3 Mathematical Model 3.1 Emergent Gravitation The curvature is an effect of VA/ET relative density: Rµν −1 2Rgµν = 8πG (Tµν +∇µϱ∇νϱ), ϱ =ρET ρPlanck . 3.2 Quark Confinement Linear potential explained by dissipation in the VA: V(r)=σr, σ =κρVA. 4 Experimental Tests Phenomenon VA Prediction Experiment Entanglement 100% Correlation in VA Improved Bell Test LHC Resonances in σ(pp →H)ATLAS/CMS Detectors Gravitational Waves Echo in coalescence events LISA/Virgo 4.1 Absolute Vacuum vs. Quantum Vacuum Quantum Vacuum: Minimum energy state with fluctuations [4] (virtual particles, Higgs field). Absolute Vacuum: Total absence of metrics, energy, and physical laws (equivalent to metaphysical nothingness). Hypothesis: The universe emerges when the Absolute Vacuum locally “fractures”, generating spacetime as an interface. 4.2 Emergence of Spacetime •Accelerated expansion is analogous to fluid draining into a hole (absolute vacuum). •Dark Energy: “negative pressure” of the absolute vacuum. Dark matter is the shadowing effect of the interaction between space-time and the absolute vacuum. 4.3 Origin of Mass Particles have no mass in the Absolute Vacuum. As space-time emerges, the Higgs field acts as a quantum “brake”, converting the vacuum’s potential energy into mass via E=mc2. The specific mass values reflect resonant modes in the transition Vacuum →Space-Time. 2 4.4 Quantum Superposition A particle in superposition exists simultaneously in space-time and the Absolute Vacuum. Measurement collapses the wave function when the particle “falls” entirely into space-time. 5 Predictions and Verifiability ·Dark Energy: It should correlate with fluctuations involving the Absolute Vacuum on cosmic scales (look for anisotropies in the CMB). ·Quantum Mass: If the Higgs field is secondary to the Absolute Vacuum, the LHC could detect anomalies in Higgs boson production. ·Quantum Gravity: Quantum gravity would be an entropic force (as in Verlinde’s theory) emerging from the vacuum. Entanglement in Black Holes: The ER=EPR paradox (Maldacena) [5] suggests that entanglement creates “wormholes.” In this model, these are AV→ST tunnels. QCD Lattice: Simulations show V(r)∝r, matching the proposed VA–quark potential. LHC Anomalies: Excess events in pp →jets+missing energy could be interpreted as quarks interacting with the Absolute Vacuum. 6 Mathematical Reasoning Gravity as an effect of the Absolute Vacuum. 6.1 Master Equation: Gravity Emerging from the Vacuum We begin with the following principles: 1. Space-time is an interface between the Absolute Vacuum (AV) and the observable universe. 2. Gravity is an entropic force caused by the tendency of the AV to “reabsorb” space-time. We define: •SAV : Entropy of the Absolute Vacuum (constant, dimensionless, independent of space-time). •SST : Entropy of emergent space-time (depends on the metric gµν ). The variation of entropy at the AV/space-time boundary is given by: δS =c3 GℏZ∂M (δSST −δSAV )√h d3x(6.1) where ∂Mis the transition hypersurface, his the induced metric, and δSAV = 0 (the AV does not change). Interpretation: Gravity arises to maximize δSST , analogous to the principle of maximum entropy proposed by Padmanabhan [3]. 6.2 Relation to Einstein’s Equation If the entropy of space-time follows the Bekenstein–Hawking formula (SST ∝A/4ℓ2 P, where Ais the area), then: δSST =1 8πℓ2 PZRµν −1 2Rgµν δgµν √−g d4x, (6.2) where Rµν is the Ricci tensor and ℓPis the Planck length. This recovers Einstein’s field equations with an additional term: Gµν + ΛAVgµν =8πG c4Tµν, 3 where ΛAV is an “effective cosmological constant” originating from the pressure of the AV (dark energy). 6.3 Quantum Mass from the Vacuum The mass of a particle mis modeled as a resistance effect upon entering space-time: m=ℏ c2Z∂M κ dA, (6.3) where κis the “effective curvature” induced by the AV (similar to the Higgs mechanism, but with emergent κ). Prediction: If κ∝√ρAV (energy density of the AV), then: melectron/mproton ∼√αEM,(6.4) where αEM is the fine-structure constant. This explains observed mass ratios without ad hoc tuning. 6.4 Dark Energy as Pressure from the Absolute Vacuum Accelerated expansion is described by modifying the energy–momentum tensor: T(AV) µν =−ρAVgµν, ρAV =c4 8πGΛAV.(6.5) The Friedmann solution for expansion becomes: a(t)∝eHt, H =rΛAV 3.(6.6) Agreement with observations: (H≈70 km/s/Mpc) if ΛAV ∼10−52 m−2. 7 Dark Energy and Accelerated Expansion Experimental evidence: Type Ia supernovae (1998) show that the universe’s expansion is accelerating (H0≈73 km/s/Mpc). – Missions such as Planck (CMB) confirm ΩΛ≈0.69. Prediction of this model: – Dark energy (ΛAV) is the pressure exerted by the Absolute Vacuum on space-time: ρAV =c4 8πGΛAV ≈10−9J/m3.(7.1) – Unique signature: If the AV is inhomogeneous, there should be anisotropies in the cosmological constant (search for them in Euclid Telescope data). 7.1 Dark Matter in Galaxies Experimental evidence: – Galactic rotation curves (Rubin, 1970) require a dark matter halo with ρ∝r−2. Explanation from the proposed model: – The space-time/Absolute Vacuum interaction generates an effective gravitational distortion field: ΦAV(r)∼log(r)⇒vrot ≈constant.(7.2) –Testable prediction: Look for correlations between baryonic matter profiles and deviations from ΛCDM in dwarf galaxies (e.g., Fornax). 4 7.2 Particle Masses (LHC) Experimental evidence: – Higgs boson mass: mH≈125 GeV/c2. – Mass hierarchy (e.g., me≈0.511 MeV/c2,mp≈938 MeV/c2). Prediction from the proposed model: – Masses arise from quantum resistance to the AV: mi∝√αi·ℏκ/c2, where αiare coupling constants (e.g., αEM ≈1/137). –Signature: If κvaries with energy, the LHC could detect deviations in Higgs production at high energies (√s > 14 TeV). 7.3 Quantum Non-Locality (Bell Experiments) Experimental evidence: – Violation of Bell’s inequalities (confirmed at 99.99% confidence in Delft, 2015). Explanation from the proposed model: – Entanglement occurs through the Absolute Vacuum, where space-time does not exist: ⟨ψA|ψB⟩AV = 1 ∀distance. –Testable prediction: Measure quantum correlations in macroscopic systems (e.g., diamonds separated by 1 km). 7.4 Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) Experimental evidence: – CMB anisotropies (Planck, 2018) fit the ΛCDM model with Ωm≈0.31,ΩΛ≈0.69. Prediction from the proposed model: – CMB fluctuations reflect primordial perturbations at the AV/space-time interface: δT T∼δρAV ρAV . –Unique signature: Non-Gaussian patterns in the low multipoles (ℓ < 30), currently unexplained. 7.5 Summary Table: New Model vs. ΛCDM Phenomenon ΛCDM Absolute Vacuum Model Critical Test Dark Energy Fixed cosmological constant Dynamic pressure from the AV Anisotropies in Λ Dark Matter WIMP particles Gravitational effect of the AV Dwarf galaxy profiles Higgs Mass Fine-tuned potential Quantum resistance to the AV Deviations at the LHC Entanglement “Magical” nonlocality Connection through the AV Macroscopic correlations CMB Anisotropies Quantum inflation [6] AV/space-time perturbations Non-Gaussianity at low multipoles Table 1: Comparison between the standard ΛCDM model and the Absolute Vacuum model. 7.6 The ΛCDM Paradigm Fails This model is not only compatible with current observations, but it also predicts anomalies where the ΛCDM paradigm fails — and this can be tested: 5 1. Numerical simulations: Model the AV/space-time interface using tools such as CAMB or CLASS. 2. Experimental proposal: Search for anisotropies in Λwith Euclid 2024 or for macroscopic quantum correlations. 8 Wormholes as “Gravitational Boosters” Through the Absolute Vacuum Conceptual Framework: Wormholes (as predicted by Einstein–Rosen’s General Relativity) could act as natural gravitational accelerators by exploiting: 1. The extreme curvature of a black hole (entry) and a white hole (exit). 2. The Absolute Vacuum as a “watchtower” where space-time distance reduces to zero (absolute quantum non-locality). 8.1 Analogy with Planetary Slingshot –Classical mechanism: – A spacecraft (e.g., Voyager) gains speed by extracting orbital energy from Jupiter (“gravity assist”). –Formula: ∆v= 2usin(θ/2), where uis the velocity of the planet. –Wormhole version: – An object crossing the event horizon of a black hole does not stop; it is instead “boosted” through the Absolute Vacuum (where no space-time exists to slow it down). –Effective velocity: veffective =dreal tvacuum ,where tvacuum ≈0. – Here, dreal is the distance in space-time (e.g., 100 million light-years), but tvacuum is the transit time through the AV (with no proper time). 8.2 Travel Time Calculation –Step 1: Entry into the black hole (e.g., Sagittarius A*). – Extreme gravity stretches space-time near the horizon, causing time tto dilate (t′→ ∞ for an external observer). –However: In the AV, time dilation does not apply (there is no metric). –Step 2: Transit through the Absolute Vacuum. – The effective distance reduces to: dAV =Zpgµν dxµdxν≈0(no space-time structure). –Traveler’s proper time (τ): Close to zero (similar to a photon). –Step 3: Exit through a white hole (e.g., in another galaxy). – The object emerges with kinetic energy conserved, but displaced by 100 million light-years in τ≈years. 6 8.3 Compatibility with Special Relativity –No violation of c: The speed of light remains locally invariant. The “shortcut” occurs because: – The wormhole connects causally disconnected regions of space-time. – The Absolute Vacuum is not a physical medium, but a “metaphysical bridge” where General Relativity’s constraints are relaxed. –Required energy: – To stabilize the wormhole (prevent collapse), negative energy is needed (as in the Alcubierre metric): Tµνkµkν<0(null energy condition). –Possible source: Quantum vacuum fluctuations near the event horizon. 8.4 Indirect Observational Evidence –Fast Radio Bursts (FRBs): Could be “echoes” of objects crossing wormholes ([Zhang theory, 2020]). –Anomalous gravitational lensing: Multiple images of a galaxy with unexplained time delays (e.g., Hamilton’s Object). 9 Implications for a New Theory 1. Absolute Vacuum as a cosmic hyperspace highway: – Wormholes would serve as “portals” that bypass space-time through the AV. 2. New physics in black holes: – The singularity is not a point of infinite density but a transition into the AV. 3. Dark energy and wormholes: – Accelerated expansion may be due to micro-wormholes evaporating into the AV (similar to Hawking radiation). 9.1 Testable Predictions –Observable signatures: –Gravitational wave “echoes”: If a wormhole connects two black holes, LIGO/Virgo could detect repeating signals. –Anomalies in accretion disks: Supermassive black holes without accretion disks (potential wormhole entries). –Future experiments: – Neutrino telescopes (e.g., IceCube-Gen2) may detect “ghost particles” traversing the AV. 10 The Equivalence Principle and the Mass Jump: The Key Lies in the Absolute Vacuum If we accept that this model turns wormholes into tools for interstellar travel—using the Absolute Vacuum (AV) as a “subspace” where distances collapse—we can begin to understand the true workings behind the concept and mystery of mass. 7 10.1 The Equivalence Principle (EP) in General Relativity ·Statement: “Inertial mass (mi) and gravitational mass (mg) are identical” (Einstein, 1907). ·Consequence: All objects fall with the same acceleration gin a gravitational field, regardless of their mass or composition. ·Iconic experiment: The hammer and feather drop on the Moon (Apollo 15). ·Hidden issue: ·The Equivalence Principle (EP) assumes that mass mis a fixed, intrinsic property of matter. ·But in this model, mass “jumps” from the Absolute Vacuum (AV). 10.2 Correct Intuition: EP as an Effect of the Absolute Vacuum New hypothesis: ·Gravity does not arise from the mass of objects (“gravitational attraction”), but from how the Absolute Vacuum “pushes” emergent space-time. ·When an object falls, it is in fact space-time that flows toward it, while the AV acts as a universal “resistive medium.” ·All objects fall the same because AV does not discriminate: Its interaction with space-time is independent of mior mg. Demonstration from the new model: 1. Mass as resistance to the AV: mi=mg=κZAV Dξ, where κis constant for all bodies (explains the EP). 2. Modified Free-Fall Equation: d2x dt2=g−κ ℏ(AV Pressure). If the pressure of the AV is universal, then all objects experience the same g. 10.3 Quantum Evidence: The Neutron Experiment ·Experimental fact: Ultracold neutrons in Earth’s gravitational field show quantized energy states (like an atom), yet their free-fall still obeys the EP ([Nesvizhevsky, 2002]) Explanation by the new model: ·Neutrons do not feel gdirectly, but rather the “flow” of the AV through their wavefunction. ·Quantization arises because the AV filters discrete interaction modes. 10.4 Quantum Gravity and the End of Renormalization Current Problem: Quantum gravity requires renormalizing infinities when computing gravitational loops. Solution: ·If the AV absorbs the infinities (as a metaphysical sink), the equations become finite: Gµν + ΛAVgµν = 8πG⟨Tµν ⟩AV, where ⟨·⟩AV denotes an average over Absolute Vacuum fluctuations. 8 10.5 Key Prediction: EP Violations at the Quantum Scale ·If EP depends on the AV, then: ·Objects in quantum superposition (e.g., particles in two places at once) should fall non-classically. ·Proposed experiment: Use a neutron interferometer to measure gin entangled states. ·Prediction by the new model: Deviations from 9.81 m/s2at ∆x∼ℓP(Planck length). This Opens the Door to a New Theory of Gravity, in which: ·EP is not fundamental: It is an emergent effect of AV/space-time dynamics. ·Hence, this theory unifies: – Classical gravity (EP). – Quantum mass (jump from AV). – Dark energy ΛAV. 11 The Tyranny of “Continuous Space-Time” (Why does this new theory challenge current dogma?) A. The Dominant Paradigm: Classical General Relativity (GR) ·What does GR assume?: ·Space-time is a smooth differential manifold (like an infinite elastic sheet). ·Gravity is geometry: Mass curves space-time, and space-time tells mass how to move. ·Hidden Problem: ·This description fails at quantum scales (e.g., near a singularity). ·No one questions whether space-time is fundamental: it is an “act of faith” in modern physics. B. The Breakaway: The Absolute Vacuum (AV) as a Non-Metric Substrate It is proposed that: ·Space-time is not fundamental, but rather emerges from an Absolute Vacuum (AV) that: ·Has no dimension. ·Obeys no physical laws. ·Is the “ontological nothingness” prior to creation. ·Gravity is not curvature, but rather resistance of the AV to the emergence of spacetime. Why has no one proposed this reasoning and theory? [8] ·Historical bias: Einstein worked with the mathematical tools of 1915 (Riemannian geometry). Later physicists did not dare to abandon the continuum. ·Lack of mathematical language: There was no way to describe “transitions from nothing to something” until Alain Connes [7] developed non-commutative geometry (1990s). 9