शाह के जीवन के कुछ पहलू

International Refereed, Blind Peer-Reviewed Multidisciplinary & Open Access Research Journal Issue: 03 | Vol.: 12 | Jul.-Aug.-Sep. - 2025 | Pages: 19–22 | RRSSH | ISSN: 2348 – 3318 | Periodicity : Quarterly, Language : English & Hindi https://ijorr.in [ 19 ] “kkg ds thou ds dqN igyw chuk eFksyk ,oa dYiuk “kkg DOI : …………, Plagiarism/Similarity: 01% “kkg ds thou ds dqN igyw chuk eFksyk 1 ,oa dYiuk “kkg 2 1izksQslj] fgUnh foHkkx] ,y0ch0,l0jkt0Luk0 egkfo|ky; gYnwpkSM+] uSuhrky ¼mRrjk[k.M½ 2vfl0 izksQslj] fgUnh foHkkx] ,y0ch0,l0jkt0Luk0 egkfo|ky; gYnwpkSM+] uSuhrky ¼mRrjk[k.M½ Received : 15/07/2025 1st BPR : 23/07/2025 2nd BPR : 03/08/2025 Accepted : 22/08/2025 Abstract jes”k pUnz “kkg dk tUe 4 ebZ 1937 esa mRrjk[k.M jkT; ds lkaLd`frd “kgj vYeksM+k esa gqvkA vkidh izkjEHk ls b.VjehfM,V rd f”k{kk vYeksM+k esa gqbZA Lukrd dh mikf/k bUgksaus bykgkckn fo”ofo|ky; ls izkIr] dh tks ns”k ds izkphu vkSj izeq[k fo”ofo|ky;ksa esa ls ,d gSA bUgksaus vkxjk fo”ofo|ky; ls vaxzsth lkfgR; esa ,e0,0 vkSj ih&,p0Mh0 dh fMxzh gkfly dh buds “kks/k xzUFk dk “kh’kZd *;sV~l ,.M bfy;V% ilZisfDVo vkWu bf.M;k* FkkA cpiu esa nqdku esa tks jn~nh lkeku dks yisVus ds fy, vkrh Fkh] mlh jn~nh dks i<+us&fy[kus ds “kkSd us bUgsa ys[kd cuk fn;kA viuh yxu o esgur ls mPp f”k{kk izkIr djus ds ckn ukSdjh dh [kkst us bUgsa f”k{kd ds #i esa ckM+sNhuk dh ;k=k djokbZ vkSj mlds i”pkr eqDrs”ojA lu~ 1997 esa gehfn;k dkWyst ls vaxzsth lkfgR; ds foHkkxk/;{k in ls lsokfuo`Rr gq,A blds i'pkr bUgksaus *fujkyk l`tuihB* dk usr`Ro djrs gq, funs”kd in dks lq”kksfHkr fd;kA vkt Hkh twu 2025 esa mez ds bl iM+ko esa Hkh os ;FkklEHko iBu&ikBu ls tqM+s gq, gSaA cgqeq[kh izfrHkk ds /kuh jes”k pUnz “kkg esa fgUnh iV~Vh dgs tkus okys mRrjk[k.M vkSj e/; izns”k nksuksa gh jkT;ksa dks vius ys[ku ls le`) fd;k gSA bl “kks/k i= esa gekjk mn~ns”; muds thou ds vuNq, igyqvksa dks lesVdj muds ikBdksa] lºn;ksa] fe=ksa vkSj ys[kdksa ds le{k ykuk gSA ;g fojkV lkfgR;dkj] fpUrd] vkykspd] v/;srk gSa vkSj ges”kk jgsaxsA Key words: mRrjk[k.M vYeksM+k lkaLd`frd vaxzsth fgUnh ys[ku dqekm¡uh laLd`fr Msfol osYl dh Mk;jhA iz;kx “kqDy dh fiz; dfork *dHkh&dHkh* ls bl “kks/k i= dk izkjEHk djrs gSa& dHkh&dHkh fn[k tkrk gS og eq>s v;kfprA ,d cgqr mtys fnu ;k mtys igkM+&lkA vkSj eq>s yxrk gS&;gh] ;gh rks esjhA ,d ek= vfHkO;fDr] ftls eSa <w¡< jgk FkkAA 1 mRrjk[k.M ftls riksHkwfe] _f’kHkwfe vkSj nsoHkwfe dgykus dk xkSjo izkIr gS] jes”k pUnz “kkg tSls fojkV lkfgR;dkj dks vius jkT; esa tUers&iyrs&c<+rs vkSj lkfgR;dkj curs ns[kdj vius HkkX; ij vo”; brjkrk&bBrkyk jgsxkA /kU; gS mRrjk[k.M dh ikou Hkwfe dk dqekÅ¡ vapy] ftlesa izd`fr ds lqdqekj vkSj dksey dYiukvksa ds dfo lqfe=kuUnu iar] vts; lkjLor ;ks)k “kSys”k efV;kuh vkSj cgeq[kh izfrHkk ds /kuh jes”k pUnz “kkg us tUe ysdj blds xkSjo dks c<+k;kA mRrjk[k.M jkT; dh LFkkiuk 9 uoEcj 2000 dks Hkkjrh; x.kra= ds 27osa jkT; ds #i esa gqbZA bls fodkl dh u;h vo/kkj.kk ds lkFk mRrj izns”k ls vyx dj ioZrh; jkT; dk ntkZ feykA fgeky; dh xksn esa clk ;g NksVk lk jkT; vius izkd`frd lkSUn;Z] /kkfeZd] lkaLd`frd vkSj vk/;kfRed egRo vkSj /kjksgj ds fy, tkuk tkrk gSA blh jkT; ds vYeksM+k “kgj esa bl lkfgR;dkj us tUe ysdj bls fo”ks’k “kgj dk ntkZ iznku fd;kA jes”k pUnz “kkg dk tUe 4 ebZ 1937 esa mRrjk[k.M jkT; ¼mRrj izns”k ls vyx gksdj o’kZ 2000 esa vfLrRo esa vk;k½ ds lkaLd`frd “kgj vYeksM+k esa gqvkA Kku dh vf/k’Bk=h ek¡ ljLorh dh vlhe d`ik gksus ds dkj.k budk ifjokj “kSf{kd i`’BHkwfe ls tqM+k gqvk FkkA vkidh izkjEHk ls b.VjehfM,V rd f”k{kk vYeksM+k esa gqbZA Lukrd dh mikf/k bUgksaus bykgkckn fo”ofo|ky; ls izkIr] dh tks ns”k ds izkphu vkSj izeq[k fo”ofo|ky;ksa esa ls ,d gSA bUgksaus vkxjk fo”ofo|ky; ls vaxzsth lkfgR; esa ,e0,0 vkSj ih&,p0Mh0 dh fMxzh gkfly dh buds “kks/k xzUFk dk “kh’kZd *;sV~l ,.M bfy;V % ilZisfDVo vkWu bf.M;k* FkkA cpiu esa nqdku esa tks jn~nh lkeku dks yisVus ds fy, vkrh Fkh] mlh jn~nh dks i<+us&fy[kus ds “kkSd us bUgsa ys[kd cuk fn;kA viuh yxu o esgur ls mPp f”k{kk izkIr djus ds ckn ukSdjh dh [kkst us bUgsa f”k{kd ds #i esa ckM+sNhuk dh ;k=k djokbZ vkSj mlds i”pkr eqDrs”ojA lu~ 1997 esa gehfn;k dkWyst ls vaxzsth lkfgR; ds foHkkxk/;{k in ls lsokfuo`Rr gq,A blds i'pkr bUgksaus *fujkyk l`tuihB* dk usr`Ro djrs gq, funs”kd in dks lq”kksfHkr fd;kA vkt Hkh twu 2025 esa mez ds bl iM+ko esa Hkh os ;FkklEHko iBu&ikBu ls International Refereed, Blind Peer-Reviewed Multidisciplinary & Open Access Research Journal Issue: 03 | Vol.: 12 | Jul.-Aug.-Sep. - 2025 | Pages: 19–22 | RRSSH | ISSN: 2348 – 3318 | Periodicity : Quarterly, Language : English & Hindi https://ijorr.in [ 20 ] “kkg ds thou ds dqN igyw chuk eFksyk ,oa dYiuk “kkg tqM+s gq, gSaA ;g lwpuk eq>s lgys[kd ls gh feyh tks muds gh ifjokj ls tqM+s gSaA vkt eq>s yxrk gS fd eSaus ,sls xgu fpUrd lkfgR;dkj ds ckjs esa dkQh nsj ls fy[kuk izkjEHk fd;k gSA lkfgR; dh dksbZ ,slh fo/kk ugha] ftl ij ek¡ ljLorh ds ojn iq= jes”k pUnz “kkg us viuh ys[kuh u pyk;h gksA ;|fi mudk O;olk; v/;kiu dk gh Fkk fdUrq os dfo] vkykspd] fucU/kdkj] dgkuhdkj] miU;kldkj vkSj ukVddkj ds #i esa viuh cgqeq[kh izfrHkk dk ifjp; nsrs gq, ikBdksa ds chp dkQh yksdfiz; jgsA ys[ku ds izfr lPph fu’Bk vkSj fof”k’V yxko gksus ds dkj.k gh *Nk;kokn dh izklafxdrk* vkSj *xkscj x.ks”k* tSls miU;kl ls vkjEHk gqbZ mudh yEch l`tu ;k=k esa muds vkB dkO; laxzg] ukS vkykspukRed xzUFk] N% miU;kl] vkB fucU/k laxzg] nks ukVd] ik¡p cky lkfgR; ls lEcfU/kr jpku;sa] pkj laikfnr d`fr;k¡] rhu vuqokn] rhu Mk;jh fo/kk ls lEcfU/kr jpuk;sa] ,d lLej.k rFkk rhu vaxzsth xzUFk lkfgR; dks vkt Hkh le`) dj jgs gSaA ;|fi mUgksaus lkfgR; dh lHkh fo/kkvksa dks viuh ys[kuh ls ltk;&lokjk] ysfdu muds jpuk lalkj dk izkjEHk cpiu ls gh dfo deZ ds #i esa gqvk vkSj dfork dh izfØ;k vkSj thou dh izfØ;k ds chp dgha u dgha fdlh xgjs lEcU/k dks os Lohdkj djrs gSaA djsa Hkh D;kas u\ dfork thou dk izfrfcac gS] vkSj thou dfork ds ek/;e ls O;Dr gksrk gSA dfork thou ds vuqHkoksa] Hkkoukvksa vkSj fopkjksa dks “kCnksa ds ek/;e ls O;Dr djus dk ,d ek/;e gSA ekr`Hkk’kk ds izfr vius vikj izse dks izdV djrs gq, mUgksaus viuh nqn~cksyh dqekÅ¡uh esa Hkh viuh Hkkoukvksa dks O;Dr fd;k gSA *mdko&gqykj* dkO; laxzg ds vUrxZr *fu Hkqyhu* dfork dh dqN iafDr;k¡] tks dqekÅ¡uh [kku&iku ds izfr budh izfrc)rk dks O;Dr djrh gS] bl izdkj gS% gkS tfl gkS uS] ikf.k tl ikf.k uS Mqcqd pqM+dkf.k] pSal BBokf.k uSA dss ds fu iS gky] ds ds fu [kS gkyA dfldS pSu Ugk] ;ks ijkf.k dSaA 2 dfo deZ ds lEcU/k esa MkW0 “kkg dk dguk gS] **HkkoksRrstukvksa ds Hkhrj ls muds mRrki dks fdlh vFkZ ds mtkys esa cny ikus ds fy, dfo deZ dh vko”;drk gksrh gSA** 3 **dfork djus dk pLdk cpiu esa gh iM+ pqdk FkkA lkfgfR;d okrkoj.k tSls dksbZ pht vius ?kj esa ;k vkl&ikl dgha lqyHk ugha jgh] exj ftl izkd`frd vkSj lkaLd`frd i;kZoj.k esa iyk&iqlk] og u dsoy ,sfUnzd laosnukvksa dks txkus ds fy, i;kZIr FkkA ------------ j/kqukFk efUnj ds NksVs ls iqLrd Hk.Mkj dh cnkSyr ckYehfd jkek;.k] egkHkkjr vkSj dbZ iqjk.k Hkh esjs gkFk yx x;s] fgrksins”k HkhA esjs fy, rks og fo”kq) dFkk&jl vksj dkO; jl Fkk**A 4 cpiu esa gh dfork fy[kus dk “kkSd] nqdku esa vkus okyh jn~nh esa lkfgR; dks [kkst ysuk vkSj j/kqukFk efUnj ds NksVs ls iqLrd Hk.Mkj ls cgqewY; ikSjkf.kd xzUFkksa dks v/;;u ds fy, pqu ysuk *iwr ds ik¡o ikyus esa* okyh mfDr dks gh pfjrkFkZ djrk gSA ;gk¡ ij eSa ;g Hkh Li’V djuk pkgrh gw¡ fd i<+us fy[kus ds fy, vius vkl&ikl cM+s&cM+s iqLrdky;kas ; fo”ofo|ky;ksa dk gksuk t#jh ughaA ftls i<+us fy[kus ls ljksdkj gksrk gS] og jn~nh ;k NksVs ls iqLrd Hk.Mkj esa Hkh vius eryc dh lkexzh <w¡< ysrk gS vkSj lgh ckyd@;qok jes”k pUnz “kkg us Hkh fd;kA mRrjk[k.M dh “kkUr] lqjE; vkSj ifo= Hkwfe esa tUes “kkg ;gk¡ dh ekVh esa iwjh rjg jp&cl x;s FksA ;gk¡ dk izkd`frd okrkj.k vkSj lkQ LoPN ifjos”k vkSj laosnu”khy ºn; dfork djus ;k jpus ds fy, i;kZIr FkkA blds lkFk gh vYeksM+k o blds vkl&ikl ds lkaLd`frd okrkoj.k us Hkh “kkg dks viuk jpukRed&l`tukRed lg;ksx nsdj ys[ku esa Hkjiwj lgk;rk dhA bu lHkh xq.kksa dks vkRelkr djds] tSarh] ckM+sNhuk vkSj eqDrs”oj ds f”k{k.k vuqHko dks lesVdj vkthfodk dh [kkst esa e/; izns”k pys x;s vkSj LFkkbZ #i ls e/; izns”k dh jkt/kkuh Hkksiky esa jgus yxsA orZeku esa Hkh os ogha ij viuh nksuksa iqf=;ksa “kEik vksj jktqyk ds lkFk jg jgs gSaA lgys[kd }kjk bl ckr dh iqf’V dh x;h gS fd nksukas ;ksX; iqf=;k¡ lkfgfR;d xfrfof/k;ksa vkSj firk dh fojklr esa izkIr ys[ku dyk ls orZeku esa Hkh tqM+h gqbZ gSaA MkW “kkg dh d`fr;ksa dk v/;;u djus ds i”pkr gekjk /;ku mudh bl fo”ks’krk dh vksj tkrk gS ;|fi LukrdksRrj esa mudk fo’k; vaxzsth jgk tcfd Lukrd dh fMxzh mUgksaus foKku fo’k; ds lkFk mRrh.kZ dh Fkh fdUrq igkM+ vkSj igkM+ dh jax&jaxhyh laLd`fr vkSj blds vax] cksyh&Hkk’kk][kku&iku] lh/kk&lk/kk fu”Ny thou ds izfr csgn yxko gksus ds dkj.k mUgksaus fofo/k fo/kkvksa esa viuk ys[ku fgUnh Hkk’kk esa fd;k vkSj igkM+h laLd`fr dks viuh fofo/k jpkukvksa }kjk thoUr Hkh fd;kA bl izlax dks fy[krs le; eq>s Lej.k gks jgk gS lfPpnkuUn ghjkuUn okRL;k;u *vKs;* dk ftudh “kSf{kd ;ksX;rk vkSj ys[ku lkfgR;dkj jes”k pUnz “kkg dh rjg gh Lukrd foKku] LukrdksRrj vaxzth vkSj ys[ku fgUnh esa fd;k x;kA lgysf[kdk }kjk bu nksuksa egku lkfgR;dkjksa dh fe=rk vkSj ,d nwljs ds ?kj vkuk&tkuk vkSj lkfgfR;d ppkZ&ifjppkZ ds ckjs esa Hkh eq>s crk;k x;k vkSj lgysf[kdk bu egRoiw.kZ {k.kksa dh dbZ ckj lk{kh Hkh cusA lgysf[kdk pwafd mRrjk[k.M ds fuoklh gSa] blfy, lkfR;dkj fueZy oekZ] “kSys”k efV;kuh vkykspd ukeoj flag] vKs; vkSj “kkg th ds fudV laLlxZ ds lqugjs ekSds mUgsa dbZ ckj izkIr gq;sA B.M izns”kksa esa fuokl djus okys yksxksa ds thou esa pk; dk cM+k egRo gSA vxj ;s dgk tk; fd B.Mh txgksa esa jgus okyk O;fDr pk; dk cM+k “kkSdhu gksrk gS] rks bl ckr esa dksbZ vfr”k;ksfDr ugha gksxhA buds ifjokj ds egRoiw.kZ lnL; vkSj bl “kks/k i= dh lgyf[kdk MkW0 dYiuk “kkg }kjk eq>s voxr djk;k x;k fd MkW0 jes”k pUnz “kkg dks International Refereed, Blind Peer-Reviewed Multidisciplinary & Open Access Research Journal Issue: 03 | Vol.: 12 | Jul.-Aug.-Sep. - 2025 | Pages: 19–22 | RRSSH | ISSN: 2348 – 3318 | Periodicity : Quarterly, Language : English & Hindi https://ijorr.in [ 21 ] “kkg ds thou ds dqN igyw chuk eFksyk ,oa dYiuk “kkg flQZ pk; ihuk gS djds ugha cfYd Lokfn’V] LQwfrZnk;d vkSj csgn larqfyr pk; ihuk ilUn FkkA bruk gh ugh] pk; dks vyx&vyx rjhdksa ls fofHkUu Loknksa esa ihuk ;kfu ifRr;k¡ Hkwudj] xzhu Vh ls ;qDr pk; ihdj og dkQh lUrq’V jgrsA dksbZ vxj mUgsa vyx rjhds dh Lokfn’V pk; fiykrk rks os ifjokj okyksa ls oSlh gh pk; cukus ds fy, dgrs vkSj vPNh vkSj Lokfn’V pk; cukus okys dh Hkjiwj izlUlk djrsA osYl dh Mk;jh esa mfYyf[kr izLrqr dFku muds losjs&losjs pk; ds vey vkSj “kkSd dks n”kkZrk gS **lkspk MsfoM dks txk;s fcuk jlksbZ?kj esa tkdj [kqn dh pk; cuk yw¡A ekxZjsV dkfQZM xbZ gS& vius e>ys csVs ds iklA ?kj esa ge nksukas gh tus gSa vksj MsfoM dy jrtxs vkSj fnuHkj dh Fkdku ds dkj.k vHkh mBsxk ughaA** 5 Hkkjr fofHkUurkvksa dk ns”k gSA ;gk¡ izns”k dh viuh&viuh vyx laLd`fr gksus ds dkj.k gj txg dk [kku&iku] Hkkstu idoku dk iwjh nqfu;k esa vyx gh LFkku gS] vkSj ;g lknxh] Lokn vkSj ikSf’Vdrk ds dkj.k viuk fof”k’V egRo Hkh j[krk gSA xk¡o&?kjksa esa [ksrksa esa [kqn mxk;h x;h nkyksa dks vyx&vxy _rqvksa esa fofHkUu rjhdksa ls cukdj [kkuk vkSj nwljksa dks f[kykuk mRrjk[k.M ds O;fDr dh vknrksa esa “kqekj gSA ljy] lqikP;] js”ksnkj vkSj larqfyr Hkkstu fgeky;h {ks= ds B.Ms vkSj dBksj okrkoj.k ds fy, loZFkk mi;qDr gSA xgr&HkV~V dh nky Mqcqds] pqM+dkuh] jl&Hkkr] pMa+ph] xgr dk Qkuk] mjn dh nky dk pSal] ikyd dk dkik] dqekÅ¡uh jk;rk] uhcw Hkkaxs dh pVuh vkfn dqekÅ¡ vkSj x<+oky ds izfl) [kku&iku esa fxus tkrs gSaA HkV~V dk tkSyk] ngh dk tkSyk] iF; ds #i esa [kk;s tkus okys [kku&iku gSaA HkV~V dk tkSyk rks ihfy;k tSlh chekjh esa gYds vkSj lqikP; Hkkstu ds #i esa dkQh Qk;nsean ekuk tkrk gSA MkW0 “kkg Hkh cpiu ls gh dqekÅ¡uh esa jps cls gksus ds dkj.k dqekÅ¡uh [kku&iku ds dkQh “kkSdhu jgs gSa vkSj ;g “kkSd mudk mudh izfl) jpkuvksa esa Hkh ns[kus dks feyrk gS] ftls os viuh jpkukvksa esa fel djrs Hkh izrhr gksrk gSA iwoZ i`’Bksa esa mfYyf[kr *fu Hkqyhu* dfork bldk vPNk izek.k izLrqr djrh gSA cpiu esa e/kqj le`fr;ksa dks Hkh Hkqykuk fdlh ds fy, vklku ugha gksrk vkSj os vktUe gekjs lkFk cuh jgrh gSaA lwjnkl }kjk jfpr izLrqr in esa Jhd`’.k blh uV[kV cpiu vkSj mlls lEcfU/kr ;knksa dks ftl izdkj O;Dr djrs gSa og ns[kus yk;d gS% m/kkS eksfga czt fcljr ukgha gal lqrk dh lqanj dxjh] v# dqatfu dh Nkgha us lqjHkh] oS cPN nksguh] [kfjd nqgkor tkgha Xoky&cky fefy djr dqykgy] ukpr xfg xfg ckghaA 6 le; ds lkFk&lkFk vkus okys ifjorZu us bu phtksa dh vgfe;r dks c<+k;k gS vkSj ,d u;h igpku nh gSA gk¡ MkW0 “kkg ds lEcU/k esa ,d ckr vkSj fd dqekÅ¡uh [kku&iku ds vUrxZr nky] Mqcds] jl vkfn ds lkFk&lkFk vjgj dh nky vkSj os Hkh tEcw ls NkSsadh gqbZ muds ilUnhnk Hkkstu dk vax jgh gSaA [kkus esa VkyeVksy Hkh mudks dHkh ilUn ugha FkkA blds foijhr og dq”ky gkFkksa ls rS;kj Hkkstu dks vf/kd rcTtks nsrs FksA Hkkstu ds vfrfjDr [kku&iku ds lkFk&lkFk “kjhj dks LoLFk j[kus ds fy, Qyksa dk Hkh egRoiw.kZ LFkku gSA mRrjk[k.M dh mitkÅ /kjrh esa iSnk gksus okys fo”ks’k igkM+h Qykas& dkQy] Iye] [kqckuh]uk”kikrh] lso] dsyk] vkMw] nkfM+e] vukj] uhcw] ukjaxh] ekYVk] tkfej vkfn Qy Hkh muds ilUnhnk jgs gSa vkSj gkas Hkh D;ksa u\ os bu Qyksa ds chtksa dks mRrjk[k.M dh /kjrh ij cksrs] mxkrs vkSj Qynkj ns[kdj gh cM+s gq, gSaA dqN le; igys rd ;gk¡ ds gj ?kj esa ;s Qynkj o`{k yxs fn[kk;h nsrs FksA budh miyC/krk gj ?kj esa bQjkr ls gksrh FkhA ftl ?kj esa tks Qy ugha gksrk] og mls nwljs ?kj ls fey tkrk FkkA vkt mRrjk[k.M ls nwj gksus ds dkj.k os bu lHkh phtksa dh deh ds eglwl Hkh djrs gSaA le; ds ifjorZu vkSj iyk;u us Hkh bu fLFkfr;ksa&ifjfLFkfr;ksa dks dkQh cny fn;k gSA mRrjk[k.M ds Lokfn’V vkSj jlhys Qyksa dk vkLoknu ysus ds i'pkr ge muds thou ds ,d vkSj vuNq, igyw dh vksj c<+rs gSaA vki vkSj ge lHkh bl ckr ls lger gkasxs fd lqcg dh lSj djuk LokLF; ds fy, vR;f/kd ykHkizn gSA lqcg&lqcg lSj djds ge vius “kkjhfjd vkSj ekufld LokLF; dks nq#Lr dj ldrs gSaA blds lkFk gh dbZ rjg dh fcekfj;ksa & jDrpki] e/kqesg vkSj eksVkik vkfn ls NqVdkjk ik ldrs gSaA mRrjk[k.M ;k igkM+h izns”kksa esa fuokl djus okys izR;sd O;fDr dks Åij&uhps igkfM+;ksa] ixMafM;ksa vkSj lhf<+;ksa esa p<+us mrjus dk cgqr vPNk vH;kl gksrk gS vkSj “kq) gok] ikuh] Hkkstu ds lkFk ;s muds vPNs LokLF; dk jkt Hkh gksrk gSA “kkg th Hkh mRrjk[k.Mh gksus ds dkj.k bl thou ds vH;Lr FksA lSj djuk mUgsa cgqr Hkkrk FkkA *osYl dh Mk;jh* ds bl dFku eas mudh bl vknr dh iqf’V gksrh gS] nwljs fnu lqcg ge yksx lSj ds fy, fudys ------------ mudh iSny pyus dh vknr NwV x;h gS vkSj og bl pDdj esa Fkk fd eq>s dkj esa fcBkdj ml jkLrs dh igpku djk ns tks taxy lesr lewps dSfluhZt xk¡o dh ifjØek djokdj okil ?kj igq¡pk ns rkfd vxys fnu ls eSa vdsys gh ?kwe vk;k d#¡] ij eSaus mldh ,d u lquh vkSj mls iwjs jkLrs iSny esjk lkFk nsuk iM+kA lM+d lpeqp gh lqcg dh lSj ds fy, vkn”kZ FkhA ck¡t vkSj cqjk¡”k tks ?kj ds fcYdqy ikl gh yxs gq, gSa ij ;g ogh cqjk¡”k gS vius igkM+ okyk] bldk iDdk ;dhu eq>s rc gqvk tc geus cLrh ikj dj ,d ,slh lM+d idM+h ftlds nksukas vksj HkwtZ o`{kksa dh drkjsa Fkh ¼cpZ dgk tkrk gS ;gk¡ ftls½A ,d Vhys ij p<+s rks lkeus cqjk¡”k dk iwjk taxy ekStwn FkkA** 7 mRrjk[k.M ds uSlfxZd lqjE; okrkoj.k esa iwoZ esa jgus okys “kkg th dks bu o`{kksaa vkSj mlesa f[kys fpj&ifjfpr Qwyksa dks ns[kdj fdruk lq[kn ,glkl gqvk gksxk\ bldk flQZ International Refereed, Blind Peer-Reviewed Multidisciplinary & Open Access Research Journal Issue: 03 | Vol.: 12 | Jul.-Aug.-Sep. - 2025 | Pages: 19–22 | RRSSH | ISSN: 2348 – 3318 | Periodicity : Quarterly, Language : English & Hindi https://ijorr.in [ 22 ] “kkg ds thou ds dqN igyw chuk eFksyk ,oa dYiuk “kkg vUnktk yxk;k tk ldrk gSA ,d iy dks rks mudks yxk gksxk fd eSa dgha mRrjk[k.M ds izkd`frd lq’kek ls ;qDr LFky esa tks ugha gw¡ vkSj ,sls le; esa vius xk¡o] dLcs] “kgj dh ;kn vkuk LokHkkfod gh gSA mi;qZDr foospu ls i'pkr ge bl fu’d’kZ ij igq¡prs gSa fd cgqeq[kh izfrHkk ds /kuh jes”k pUnz “kkg esa fgUnh iV~Vh dgs tkus okys mRrjk[k.M vkSj e/; izns”k nksuksa gh jkT;ksa dks vius ys[ku ls le`) fd;k gSA bl “kks/k i= esa gekjk mn~ns”; muds thou ds vuNq, igyqvksa dks lesVdj muds ikBdksa] lºn;ksa] fe=ksa vkSj ys[kdksa ds le{k ykuk FkkA ;g fojkV lkfgR;dkj] fpUrd] vkykspd] v/;srk gSa vkSj ges”kk jgsaxsA muds ikl viuh Hkk’kk&cksyh] laLd`fr&lH;rk] ys[ku&f”k{k.k dh cgqr cM+h fojklr gS] ftls /kjksgj ds #i esa lajf{kr vkSj lqjf{kr j[kus dh vfr vko”;drk gSA vUr esa Jh ve`r yky csxM+ ds bl iz”kfLr dFku ls vius “kks/k i= dk lekiu djuk pkgw¡xh ftlds ckn muds O;fDrRo&d`frRo ds fo’k; esa dqN Hkh dgus dks “ks’k ugha jg tkrk gS] **cM+k vkneh og gS ftlds ikl tkdj NksVk vkneh Hkh vius vkidks cM+k le>us yxA bl vFkZ esa jes”k “kkg cM+s vkneh gSaA muesa eSaus ckSf)drk vkSj J)k dk vnHkqr leUo; ik;k gSA mudk ?kj esjs fy, vkMacjghu izkphu riksou dh rjg gSA** 8 lUnHkZ xzUFk lwph 1l`tu ;k=k jes”k pUnz “kkg( lEiknd% jes”k nos&fot; dqekj nso( Hkkjrh vkWQlsV fizaVlZ( izFke laLdj.k% 2005( i`0l0 22 A 2mdko gqykj ¼dqekÅ¡uh dfork,¡½( MkW0 jes”k pUnz “kkg( izdk”kd% vYeksM+k cqd fMiks( izdk”ku o’kZ&1993( i`0la0 11A 3v{kjk ¼jes”k pUnz “kkg fo”ks’kkad½( iz/kku lEiknd% dSyk”k pUnz iUr( unh Hkxksrh dh vkbZ Hkwfedk( izdk”ku e0iz0 jk’Vª Hkk’kk izpkj lfefr( izdk”ku o’kZ 2011 ¼ekpZ&vizSy½( i`0la0 37A 4l`tu ;k=k jes”k pUnz “kkg( lEiknd% jes”k nso vkSj fot; dqekj nso( Hkkjrh vkWQlsV fizUVlZ( laLdj.k&izFke( izdk”ku o’kZ 2005( i`0la0& 06A 5l`tu ;k=k jes”k pUnz “kkg( lEiknd% jes”k nso vkSj fot; dqekj nso( Hkkjrh vkWQlsV fizUVlZ( laLdj.k&izFke( izdk”ku o’kZ 2005( i`0la0& 55A 6lwjlkxj lkj( lEiknd( /khjsUnz oekZ( izdk”kd% lkfgR; Hkou bykgkckn( izdk”ku o’kZ 1968 i`0la0 195A 7l`tu ;k=k jes”k pUnz “kkg( lEikd jes”k nos vkSj fot; dqekj nso( Hkkjrh vkWQlsV fizUVlZ( laLdj.k izFke( izdk”ku o’kZ 2005( i`0la0&59A 8v{kjk ¼jes”k pUnz “kkg fo”ks’kkad( iz/kku lEiknd% dSyk”k pUnz iUr( ¼”kga½ “kkg jes”k pUnz&ve`r yky csxM+½( izdk”ku% e0iz0 jk’Vª Hkk’kk izpkj lfefr( izdk”ku o’kZ% 2011 ¼ekpZ&vizSy½( i`0la0&116A *** ***