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दलित स्त्री-विधवा: सामाजिक बहिष्कार और आंतरिक पीड़ा का साहित्यिक चित्रण

पिंकी पंवार; भावना चितलांगिया

Abstract

यह शोध पत्र दलित साहित्य में विधवा स्त्रियों की सामाजिक, मानसिक, और भावनात्मक स्थिति का बहुआयामी विश्लेषण करता है। भारतीय समाज में स्त्री-वर्ग ऐतिहासिक रूप से दोयम दर्जे की नागरिक माना गया है, लेकिन जब एक स्त्री दलित समुदाय से संबंध रखती हो और विधवा भी हो, तब वह कई स्तरों पर शोषण और बहिष्कार का शिकार होती है। इस द्विगुणित/त्रिगुणित पीड़ा को समाज अक्सर नज़रअंदाज़ करता है। दलित विधवा स्त्री जातीय, लिंग आधारित, और पारिवारिक उपेक्षा से उत्पन्न अवमानना और अकेलेपन का अनुभव करती है। यह अध्ययन साहित्यिक कृतियों – विशेषकर आत्मकथात्मक रचनाओं – के माध्यम से इस उपेक्षित वर्ग की पीड़ा को उजागर करता है। अमृता प्रीतम की "रसीदी टिकट", प्रभा खेतान की "अनन्या", ओमप्रकाश वाल्मीकि की "जूठन", और उर्मिला पवार की "आयदान" जैसी रचनाओं में विधवा दलित स्त्रियों की यथार्थ स्थितियों का भावनात्मक, सामाजिक एवं वैचारिक चित्रण मिलता है। यह शोध केवल साहित्यिक विमर्श तक सीमित नहीं है, बल्कि इसके माध्यम से समाज में जागरूकता उत्पन्न करने, दलित स्त्रियों की आवाज़ को मंच प्रदान करने और नीति-निर्माण में इस वर्ग की वास्तविक भागीदारी को सुनिश्चित करने की दिशा में सार्थक पहल करता है। यह शोध पत्र पीड़ा के साथ-साथ प्रतिरोध, आत्मबोध और अस्तित्व की लड़ाई को भी साहित्यिक आधार प्रदान करता है।

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International Refereed, Blind Peer-Reviewed Multidisciplinary & Open Access Research Journal Issue: 03 | Vol.: 12 | Jul.-Aug.-Sep. - 2025 | Pages: 54–59 | RRSSH | ISSN: 2348 – 3318 | Periodicity : Quarterly, Language : English & Hindi https://ijorr.in [ 54 ]  -:            &   DOI : …………, Plagiarism/Similarity: 02%  -:           1 &  2 1- ,  ,    , ,  2-   ,     ,    , ,  Received : 02/08/2025 1st BPR : 11/08/2025 2nd BPR : 26/08/2025 Accepted : 05/09/2025 Abstract          , ,            -          ,              ,              /           ,  ,                   –    –                "   ",    "  ",    "  ",     "  "           ,                ,         ,          -                       -  ,             Key words:  , ,  ,   I 1.     ,                   ,                   ,          ,                        ,                                          ,            ,                 —     -            ,     ,                    ,    , ,                   ,  -,                   ,                                      ,  ,        ,                           ,           2.  -              ,         , ,                   ,    International Refereed, Blind Peer-Reviewed Multidisciplinary & Open Access Research Journal Issue: 03 | Vol.: 12 | Jul.-Aug.-Sep. - 2025 | Pages: 54–59 | RRSSH | ISSN: 2348 – 3318 | Periodicity : Quarterly, Language : English & Hindi https://ijorr.in [ 55 ]  -:            &      ,    , ,                      —       ,       ,             2.1.             ,                          ,                  ,  ,             , -,                      ,                         ,   ''              ,              2.2.                       , —    ,      ,  ,                      ,                                             ,                       , -                      2.3.                        ,             ''       ' '                                      ,              ,       ,                                    ''  ''                       2.4.            ,                  ,     ,                ,  ,             -  ,                               ,           —      ,         2.5.                   ''             ''  '-'            ,       -             ,                 3.                               ,                International Refereed, Blind Peer-Reviewed Multidisciplinary & Open Access Research Journal Issue: 03 | Vol.: 12 | Jul.-Aug.-Sep. - 2025 | Pages: 54–59 | RRSSH | ISSN: 2348 – 3318 | Periodicity : Quarterly, Language : English & Hindi https://ijorr.in [ 56 ]  -:            &     ,   —   —     ,         ,                              ,                3.1.    “”          “  ” (1997)       ,                            -        ,                     ,         ,            ,        ,                     ,     ‘ ’       “”         ,                     ,                3.2.    “”  -,         “  ” (2003)   ,                           ,                “  ”                          ‘’       ‘’         ,        ,             ,                        ‘     ’   —                                ,                  ,    ,        3.3.    “ ”:              ,    “   ” (1976)                    , ,              “ ”      ,                                    ,     —  ,                                            ,       ,        3.4.    “”:      :     “  ” (2005)  -           ,              ,   ,          “”            ,                         —    , ,                        ' '     ,                              ,  ,                          International Refereed, Blind Peer-Reviewed Multidisciplinary & Open Access Research Journal Issue: 03 | Vol.: 12 | Jul.-Aug.-Sep. - 2025 | Pages: 54–59 | RRSSH | ISSN: 2348 – 3318 | Periodicity : Quarterly, Language : English & Hindi https://ijorr.in [ 57 ]  -:            &          ,  , , ,                                            ,    ,    ,     —all these characters— ,                 ,           4.                              ,            ,   -                     ,                     ,               4.1  :          ,                  ,                , ,  -     ,                   ,         —     ,          ""                              ,                    ,    4.2   :                    ,                  ,               ,                  ,      —                                         ""                     ,                      ,         4.3                             ,    ,  ,                        "  "                ,        ,                       ,         ,   -           4.4                ,                                     ,        ,                     ,  ,  ,                            ,              International Refereed, Blind Peer-Reviewed Multidisciplinary & Open Access Research Journal Issue: 03 | Vol.: 12 | Jul.-Aug.-Sep. - 2025 | Pages: 54–59 | RRSSH | ISSN: 2348 – 3318 | Periodicity : Quarterly, Language : English & Hindi https://ijorr.in [ 58 ]  -:            &   5.                      ,                     ,        ,                ,                       5.1    :                          ,          , ,                               -,                    ,                ,      "    "   ,       -    5.2    :  ,    ,       ,                   "  "                    ,             ,  ,  ,  -   –      -         5.3      :                        ,    ‘’               –       ,         “”             –        ,           5.4     :    ,                      , ,     –                  ,  ,           ,          6. :                            ,           ,                              ,         ,          ,               ,                        ,                              ,         –   ,            ,     ,                     ,       –          ,     ,           -          ,                                                            ,     -      International Refereed, Blind Peer-Reviewed Multidisciplinary & Open Access Research Journal Issue: 03 | Vol.: 12 | Jul.-Aug.-Sep. - 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