Two new Parahiraciini planthoppers from Central Vietnam in the genera Gelastyrella and Pseudochoutagus (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha, Issidae)

1 Two new Parahiraciini planthoppers from Central Vietnam in the genera Gelastyrella and Pseudochoutagus (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha, Issidae) Jérôme Constant1, Thai-Hong Pham2,3 , Hoai Thu Thi Nguyen4 1 Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, O.D. Taxonomy & Phylogeny - Entomology, Vautier street 29, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium 2 MientrungInstituteforScientificResearch,VietnamNationalMuseumofNature,VAST,321HuynhThucKhang,Hue,Vietnam 3 GraduateSchoolofScienceandTechnology,VietnamAcademyofScienceandTechnology,18HoangQuocViet,Hanoi,Vietnam 4 VietnamNationalMuseumofNature,VietnamAcademyofScienceandTechnology(VAST),18HoangQuocViet,Hanoi,Vietnam Correspondingauthors:Thai-HongPham([email protected]);JérômeConstant([email protected]) Copyright: © Jérôme Constant et al. This is an open access article distributed under terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (Attribution 4.0 International – CC BY 4.0). Research Article Abstract Two new planthopper species of the family Issidae, tribe Parahiraciini, are described from Central Vietnam: Gelastyrella vuquangensis sp. nov. from Vu Quang National Park in Ha Tinh Province, and Pseudochoutagus nuichuanus sp. nov. from Nui Chua National Park in Khanh Hoa Province. Illustrations of habitus and terminalia of the new species are given, as well as a distribution map and photographs of live specimens and their habitat. Key words: Biodiversity, Fulgoroidea, Indochina, taxonomy Introduction With more than 1,100 species in about 230 genera (Bourgoin 2025), the family Issidae Spinola, 1839 is a large family of planthoppers (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha) with a worldwide distribution. The family currently represents about 8% of the species of Fulgoromorpha. Despite recent progress in the documentation of new taxa, the fauna of some major regions such as tropical Africa, New Guinea and Australia, remain very poorly documented (Gnezdilov and Fletcher 2010; Gnezdilov 2013; Gnezdilov et al. 2022; Constant and Semeraro 2023). The tribe Parahiraciini currently counts 23 species in 13 genera (Constant and Pham 2024a, 2024b) in Vietnam, and several species were described or recorded from North and Central Vietnam in recent years (Constant and Pham 2024a, 2024b). Our study of Issidae in the collections of the Vietnam National Museum of Nature and the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences revealed two new species of Parahiraciini from Central Vietnam, in the genera Gelastyrella Yang, Academic editor: Mike Wilson Received: 8 April 2025 Accepted: 22 July 2025 Published: 24 October 2025 ZooBank: https://zoobank. org/7596D856-14FE-40AB-864519F89A7DC57A Citation: Constant J, Pham T-H, Nguyen HTT (2025) Two new Parahiraciini planthoppers from Central Vietnam in the genera Gelastyrella and Pseudochoutagus (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha, Issidae). ZooKeys 1257: 1–24. https://doi. org/10.3897/zookeys.1257.155185 ZooKeys 1257: 1–24 (2025) DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1257.155185 2 ZooKeys 1257: 1–24 (2025), DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1257.155185 Jérôme Constant et al.: New Gelastyrella and Pseudochoutagus from Central Vietnam 1994 and Pseudochoutagus Che, Zhang & Wang, 2011. The present paper aims to describe these two new species and provide some information on their habitat and biology, as a new contribution to the Vietnamese issid fauna. Materials and methods The specimens were captured by hand using small transparent vials with which they were slowly covered or by sweeping the lower vegetation, bushes and lower branches of trees along forest trails. The photographs of habitats and live specimens were taken with an Olympus Tough 6 camera; some specimens were placed in a fine mesh cage when necessary but in this case, it is mentioned in the caption. The collected specimens were photographed with a Leica EZ4W stereomicroscope with integrated camera, and the images were stacked with CombineZ software and optimized with Adobe Photoshop CS3; all photographs are by JC. The distribution maps were produced with SimpleMappr (Shorthouse 2010). The genitalia were extracted after soaking the abdomen in a 10% solution of potassium hydroxide (KOH) at room temperature for about 12 hours. The pygofer was separated from the abdomen and the aedeagus dissected with a needle blade for examination. The whole was thoroughly rinsed in 70% ethanol, then placed in glycerine for preservation in a tube attached to the pin of the corresponding specimen. The hind wings were glued with white glue on a small white cardboard rectangle attached to the pin of the corresponding specimen. The external morphological terminology follows O’Brien and Wilson (1985) and for the terminalia, Bourgoin and Huang (1990), Gnezdilov (2003), and Gnezdilov et al. (2014b). The metatibiotarsal formula gives the number of spines on (side of metatibia) apex of metatibia / apex of first metatarsus / apex of second metatarsus. The terminology of the wing venation follows Bourgoin et al. (2015). The higher classification follows the most recent one as published by Gnezdilov et al. (2022). The measurements were taken as in Constant (2004) and the following abbreviations are used: BB maximum breadth of the body BF maximum breadth of the frons BTg maximum breadth of the tegmen BV maximum breadth of the vertex BW maximum breadth of the hind wing LF length of the frons at median line LT total length (apex of head to apex of tegmina) LTg length of the tegmen LV length of the vertex at median line LW maximum length of the hind wing Abbreviations used for the collections: RBINS Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, Belgium VNMN Vietnam National Museum of Nature, Hanoi, Vietnam 3 ZooKeys 1257: 1–24 (2025), DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1257.155185 Jérôme Constant et al.: New Gelastyrella and Pseudochoutagus from Central Vietnam Other abbreviation: ss sensu stricto Taxonomy Family Issidae Spinola, 1839 Subfamily Issinae Spinola, 1839 Tribe Parahiraciini Cheng & Yang, 1991 Subtribe Parahiraciina Cheng & Yang, 1991 Type genus. Parahiracia Ôuchi, 1940 (junior synonym of Fortunia Distant, 1909). Genus Gelastyrella Yang, 1994 Gelastyrella Yang, 1994 in Chan & Yang, 1994: 90. Type species: Gelastyrella litaoensis Yang, 1994, by original designation. Diagnosis. The genus Gelastyrella can be differentiated from the other genera of Parahiraciina by the following combination of characters (based on Zhang et al. 2020): (1) the frons about as long a wide, with median carina and a transverse carina under the dorsal margin; (2) the tegmina tapering towards apex, with vein ScP+R forked near base, MP 3-branched with first fork around midlength and CuA unforked; (3) the tri-lobed hind wings (with A2 lobe reduced); (4) the first metatarsomere with a dense pad of spines ventrally, in addition to spines of the apical margin; (5) the ventral lobe of the periandrium strongly expanded basiventrad in rounded lobes; (6) the aedeagus with one pair of lateroventral processes and well developed suspensorium. Note. According to Zhang et al. (2020), the genus Gelastyrella differs from the genus Thabena Stål, 1866 by the male genitalia with a well-developed suspensorium (suspensorium small in Thabena), and the ventral lobe of the periandrium strongly convex in lateral view (straight in Thabena). The two genera had been previously synonymized by Gnezdilov (2009, 2015), but we follow here the most recent classification. Several undescribed species from SouthEast Asia are present in the collections (Constant and Pham unpublished), which, together with additional molecular data, could help to refine the status of these genera in the future. Species included (distribution). Gelastyrella litaoensis Yang, 1994 (China: Hainan, Fujian, Guangxi; Taiwan; Vietnam: Hoa Binh, Ninh Binh, Quang Tri, Thanh Hoa and Thừa Thiên-Huế 4 ZooKeys 1257: 1–24 (2025), DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1257.155185 Jérôme Constant et al.: New Gelastyrella and Pseudochoutagus from Central Vietnam provinces – Chan and Yang 1994; Gnezdilov et al. 2014a; Gnezdilov 2015; Constant and Pham 2024b). Gelastyrella vuquangensis sp. nov. (Vietnam: Ha Tinh Province). Gelastyrella vuquangensis sp. nov. https://zoobank.org/4D5481ED-2F5B-43B2-8812-44449E0E653D Figs 1–8 Type material. Holotype ♂, Vietnam • Ha Tinh Province, Vu Quang National Park., near Khe Chè station; 18°22'38"N, 105°18'41"E; 13–15 Jul. 2023; J. Constant, J. Bresseel and L. Semeraro leg.; I.G.: 34.661; RBINS. Paratypes, Vietnam • 8 ♂♂, 15 ♀♀; same data as for holotype; RBINS • 8 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; Ha Tinh Province, Vu Quang National Park, near Khe Chè station; 18°22'38"N, 105°18'41"E; 13–15 Jul. 2023; Trung T. Vu and Hoai T.T. Nguyen leg.; VNMN-E. 000.016.100-VNMN-E.000.016.109; VNMN. Diagnosis. The species is externally rather similar to G. litaoensis Yang, 1994 (see illustrations in Constant and Pham 2024b: figs 19–21) but it is shorter (on average, ♂: 6.8 mm, ♀: 7.4) than the Vietnamese specimens of G. litaoensis (on average, ♂: 8.1 mm, ♀: 8.9), and it is generally paler than G. litaoensis; it shows gonostyli with a short posterior lobe and a short, wide capitulum in lateral view (lobe and capitulum elongate in G. litaoensis); the periandrium of the male shows moderately developed basiventral lobes (lobes massive, strongly projecting anteriad in G. litaoensis); the lateroventral processes of the aedeagus are strongly curved mesad in distal portion, ventrally overlapping (more or less parallel in G. litaoensis); the process of sternite VII of females is apically emarginate in middle (rounded in G. litaoensis). Description. Measurements and ratios: LT: ♂ (n = 9): 6.8 mm (6.6–7.2); ♀ (n = 9): 7.4 (7.2–7.5). LT/BB = 1.6; LTg/BTg = 2.1; LW/BW = 1.5; LV/BV = 0.5; LF/BF = 1.0. Head (Figs 1A–D, 2A–D): vertex variegated brown, about twice as broad as long in midline, with all margins carinate; anterior and posterior margins distinctly curved, subparallel; lateral margins weakly curved, subparallel; disc excavate with obsolete median carina. Side of head yellowish with darker area between anteroventral portion of eye and anterior margin; anteroventral angle weakly projecting anteriorly. Frons appearing weakly elongate and generally smooth, variegated brown (darker than vertex) with blackish dorsal line between dorsal margin and distinct subdorsal transverse carina; median carina extending from dorsal margin down to rounded frontoclypeal suture; dorsal margin concave, lateral margins distinctly sinuate. Clypeus variegated dark brown with paler median line (more or less distinct), weakly elevated medially. Labium brown with last segment longer than broad, and shorter than penultimate. Antennae dark brown; scape short, ring-shaped; pedicel subcylindrical. Thorax (Figs 1A, C, D, 2A–D): pronotum variegated yellowish to greenish brown; about 0.6 times as long as mesonotum in midline; anterior margin carinate, moderately, roundly protruding anteriorly between eyes; posterior margin curved, raised; no median carina but with impressed point on each side of median line; lateral portion behind eye very narrow, laminate; blunt, pale yellowish tubercles scattered on outer margin of paranotal lobes; paranotal lobes broad, brown in outer portion, pale yellowish in inner portion and with darker 5 ZooKeys 1257: 1–24 (2025), DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1257.155185 Jérôme Constant et al.: New Gelastyrella and Pseudochoutagus from Central Vietnam Figure 1. Gelastyrella vuquangensis sp. nov., holotype ♂ (RBINS). A. Habitus, dorsal; B. Habitus, ventral; C. Habitus, lateral; D. Habitus, anterolateral; E. Metatibia and metatarsus, ventral; F. Distal portion of metatibia and metatarsus, ventral view. 6 ZooKeys 1257: 1–24 (2025), DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1257.155185 Jérôme Constant et al.: New Gelastyrella and Pseudochoutagus from Central Vietnam Figure 2. Gelastyrella vuquangensis sp. nov. A–E. Holotype ♂ (RBINS). A. Head and thorax, dorsal; B. Head and thorax, lateral; C. Frons, perpendicular; D. Head and thorax, anterolateral; E. Right hind wing; F. Paratype ♀ (RBINS), terminalia. 7 ZooKeys 1257: 1–24 (2025), DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1257.155185 Jérôme Constant et al.: New Gelastyrella and Pseudochoutagus from Central Vietnam Figure 3. Gelastyrella vuquangensis sp. nov., holotype ♂ (RBINS). A. Pygofer and anal tube, lateral; B. Gonostylus, lateral; C. Idem, dorsal; D. Idem, caudal; E. Pygofer and anal tube, caudal; F. Idem, dorsal; G. Idem, posterolateral; H. Gonostylus, posterolateral. 8 ZooKeys 1257: 1–24 (2025), DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1257.155185 Jérôme Constant et al.: New Gelastyrella and Pseudochoutagus from Central Vietnam Figure 4. Gelastyrella vuquangensis sp. nov., holotype ♂ (RBINS), aedeagus. A, B. Lateral view; C. Lateroventral view; D. Dorsal view; E. Laterodorsal view; F. Laterocaudal view; G. Caudal view; H. Ventral view. 9 ZooKeys 1257: 1–24 (2025), DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1257.155185 Jérôme Constant et al.: New Gelastyrella and Pseudochoutagus from Central Vietnam Figure 5. Gelastyrella vuquangensis sp. nov., holotype ♂ (RBINS). A–G. Periandrium; A. Lateral view (with suspensorium); B. Laterodorsal view; C. Dorsal view (with suspensorium); D. Latero-posterodorsal view; E. Posterodorsal view; F. Caudal view; G. Laterocaudal view (with suspensorium); H–L. Aedeagus ss; H. Dorsal view; I. Ventral view; J. Posteroventral view; K. Lateral view; L. Laterodorsal view. 16 ZooKeys 1257: 1–24 (2025), DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1257.155185 Jérôme Constant et al.: New Gelastyrella and Pseudochoutagus from Central Vietnam Figure 9. Pseudochoutagus nuichuanus sp. nov., paratype ♀ (RBINS). A. Habitus, dorsal view; B. Habitus, ventral view; C. Habitus, lateral view; D. Metatibia and metatarsus, ventral view; E. Distal portion of metatibia and metatarsus, ventral view. 17 ZooKeys 1257: 1–24 (2025), DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1257.155185 Jérôme Constant et al.: New Gelastyrella and Pseudochoutagus from Central Vietnam Figure 10. Pseudochoutagus nuichuanus sp. nov., paratype ♀ (RBINS). A. Head and thorax, dorsal view; B. Frons, perpendicular view; C. Head and thorax, lateral view; D. Head and thorax, anterolateral view; E. Right hind wing. 18 ZooKeys 1257: 1–24 (2025), DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1257.155185 Jérôme Constant et al.: New Gelastyrella and Pseudochoutagus from Central Vietnam Figure 11. Pseudochoutagus nuichuanus sp. nov., holotype ♂ (VNMN). A. Anal tube, lateral view; B–E. Pygofer and gonostyli; B. Lateral view; C. Posterolateral view; D. Caudal view; E. Dorsal view; F. Anal tube, dorsal view; G–L. Aedeagus; G. Dorsal view; H. Ventral view; I. Lateral view; J. Caudal view; K. Laterodorsal view; L. Lateroventral view. 19 ZooKeys 1257: 1–24 (2025), DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1257.155185 Jérôme Constant et al.: New Gelastyrella and Pseudochoutagus from Central Vietnam Figure 12. Pseudochoutagus nuichuanus sp. nov., holotype ♂ (VNMN). A–D. Periandrium; A. Lateral view; B. Lateroventral view; C. Dorsal view; D. Caudal view; E–H. Aedeagus ss; E. Lateral view; F. Caudal view; G. Dorsal view; H. Ventral view. Venation: longitudinal veins ScP-R-MP-Cu well distinct; Pcu and A1 separated; numerous cross-veins; A2 rather weak. Legs (Fig. 9A–E): moderately elongate, slender; yellow-brown with proand mesotarsi and distal portion of metafemora, brown; spines of hind legs apically 20 ZooKeys 1257: 1–24 (2025), DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1257.155185 Jérôme Constant et al.: New Gelastyrella and Pseudochoutagus from Central Vietnam Figure 13. Pseudochoutagus nuichuanus sp. nov., paratype ♀ (RBINS), terminalia. Figure 14. Pseudochoutagus nuichuanus sp. nov., live specimen in Nui Chua National Park, 4 October 2024. A. In situ on tree trunk; B–D. Photographed in cage. 21 ZooKeys 1257: 1–24 (2025), DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1257.155185 Jérôme Constant et al.: New Gelastyrella and Pseudochoutagus from Central Vietnam Figure 15. Habitat of Pseudochoutagus nuichuanus sp. nov. in Nui Chua National Park, 4 October 2024. A. Dry area; B. Evergreen forest. black; femora wider than corresponding tibiae; metatibiae with 2 lateral spines in distal half and 7 apical spines. Metatibiotarsal formula: (2) 7 / 9–10 / 2. Abdomen (Fig. 9B): yellowish brown with dark brown mediobasal marking (stronger on basal segments). Terminalia ♂: (Figs 11, 12): pygofer (Fig. 11B–E) about 2.2 × as high as long in lateral view, with anterior and posterior margins subparallel, sinuate; subcircular in caudal view; posterior margin with posterodorsal angle nearly right and dorsal margin straight; in dorsal view, posterior margin very deeply and roundly excavate. Gonostyli (Fig. 11B–E) (in lateral view) longer than high (without dorsal capitulum), tapering posteriorly in a distinct lobe narrowly rounded apically 22 ZooKeys 1257: 1–24 (2025), DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1257.155185 Jérôme Constant et al.: New Gelastyrella and Pseudochoutagus from Central Vietnam and concave; capitulum with wide neck, directed posterodorsad, with distal portion obliquely concave, smooth and ended in a tooth curved laterodorsad and with outer margin under lateral laminate projection, strongly concave in caudal view. Aedeagus (Figs 11G–L, 12) symmetrical, distinctly curved dorsad (in lateral view), longer and wider than ventral lobe of periandrium; dorsal lobe of periandrium with narrow, tapering median process and with pair of posterolateral pointed processes recurved cephalad, lateroventral margin distinctly sinuate and partly covered by ventral lobe, together forming an incomplete tube around aedeagus ss; ventral lobe of periandrium evenly widening posterior to lateroventral processes of aedeagus, with apical margin rounded; aedeagus sensu stricto elongate, bifid, with pair of massive, elongate lateroventral processes evenly curved mesocephalad, originating slightly beyond half length, more or less regularly tapering to narrowly pointed apex not reaching base of aedeagus. Connective elongate, weakly curved, with massive tectiductus with dorsal crista. Anal tube (Fig. 11A, F) dorsoventrally flattened, in dorsal view spatulate with apical margin roundly emarginate (bisinuate), about 2.0 × as long in midline, a wide; basal portion narrow, widening to strong sinuation at level of anal opening; distal portion weakly, roundly tapering to lateroposterior rounded angles; in lateral view, strongly curved near base, then nearly straight; anal opening at about midlength. Terminalia ♀ (Fig. 13): hind margin of sternum VII with massive, rather short, apically rounded median process. Etymology. The species epithet nuichuanus refers to Nui Chua National Park in Khanh Hoa Province, where the new species was discovered. Biology. One specimen was found sitting on a tree trunk in a rather dry area (Figs 14A, 15A), and the others were swept from dense bushes (Fig. 15B) in subtropical evergreen forest. When disturbed, they tend to run to escape, to the other side of the trunk they sit on, rather than to jump away. Distribution. Vietnam, Binh Thuan Province, Nui Chua National Park (Fig. 8). Acknowledgements We thank Linda Semeraro, Joachim Bresseel (scientific collaborators, RBINS), and Trung Than Vu (VNMN) for all their help and friendship during the collecting trips; the authorities of Nui Chua and Vu Quang national parks, Frederik Hendrickx, Jean-Luc Boevé, Thierry Backeljau (RBINS), Anne-Julie Rochette, Luc Janssens de Bisthoven and Pierre Huybrechts (RBINS–CEBioS) for their support to our projects; Thierry Bourgoin and another anonymous reviewer for their suggestions on the original manuscript. Additional information Conflict of interest The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. Ethical statement No ethical statement was reported. Use of AI No use of AI was reported. 23 ZooKeys 1257: 1–24 (2025), DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1257.155185 Jérôme Constant et al.: New Gelastyrella and Pseudochoutagus from Central Vietnam Funding The present study was funded by the Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST) under the grants number CBCLCA.12/25-27. The material of Gelastyrella vuquangensis sp. nov. was obtained from field work of the Global Taxonomy Initiative project “A step further in the Entomodiversity of Vietnam”, supported through a grant issued by the capacity building Programme of the Belgian Global Taxonomy Initiative National Focal Point that runs under the CEBioS programme with financial support from the Belgian Directorate-General for Development Cooperation (DGD). Author contributions Conceptualization, J.C. and T.-H.P.; Funding acquisition, T.-H.P. and J.C.; Investigation, J.C.; Methodology, J.C., H.T.T.N. and T.-H.P.; Project administration, T.-H.P., H.T.T.N. and J.C.; Field work, J.C., T.-H.P., H.T.T.N.; Field logistics, T.-H.P., H.T.T.N.; Supervision, J.C. and T.-H.P.; Validation, J.C. and T.-H.P.; Writing – original draft, J.C.; Writing – review and editing, J.C., T.-H.P., H.T.T.N. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. Author ORCIDs Jérôme Constant https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0254-0863 Thai-Hong Pham https://orcid.org/ 0000-0002-4763-3679 Hoai Thu Thi Nguyen https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9130-2940 Data availability All of the data that support the findings of this study are available in the main text. References Bourgoin T (2025) FLOW (Fulgoromorpha Lists on the Web): a world knowledge base dedicated to Fulgoromorpha. 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