Ethical Artificial Intelligence and Education

ETHICAL ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND EDUCATION Dr. Christian M. Stracke Universität Bonn, Germany Workshop on Digital Competences in AI and Citizen Science 22nd of November 2024 –Hybrid in Timisoara and online [email protected]e http://www.opening-up.education https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14203898 With Creative Commons Open License for saving, sharing & re-using slides "Attribution –Noncommercial –Share Alike 3.0" You can freely share, copy, distribute and transmit the work under the following conditions: 1. Attribution –2. Noncommercial –3. Share Alike Some rights reserved, see: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ 22nd of November 2024 Ethical Artificial Intelligence and Education - Christian M. Stracke 2 This presentation will be published on: https://opening-up.education 22nd of November 2024 Ethical Artificial Intelligence and Education - Christian M. Stracke 3 About myself Coordinator Cloud Strategy, OE and AI&ED, University of Bonn Adjunct Professor, Korean National Open University Advisory Professor, East China Normal University Founder & Director, European Research Institute eLC 100+ research projects with 55+ Mio. € budgets 170+ scientific publications incl. 90+ peer-reviewed / SSCI Creative design & training for 15,000 teachers & 5,000 schools Elected Chair of ISO & CEN Standardization Committees 22nd of November 2024 Ethical Artificial Intelligence and Education - Christian M. Stracke 4 Martin Wolpers' Lifetime Award Lifetime Award to excellence in research, education and significant impact in the society: “your large expertise in multi-authored, successful research projects and activities, full of multi-culturalism, with a realistic view, which gives the community useful outcomes with great impact for an immediate application” http://research.unir.net/blog/martin-wolpers-2023-award-christian-m-stracke 22nd of November 2024 Ethical Artificial Intelligence and Education - Christian M. Stracke 5 The early days 2001: The Computer is not a Nuremberg Funnel[German] media and education, 2001(3), 157-160. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7427217 2004: German E-Learning Association D-ELAN e.V. Quality for digital education: 2004: German Lighthouse project Q.E.D. 2005: ISO/IEC 19796-1 (now: ISO/IEC 40180) 2006: E-Learning Quality in Bogota Quality cannot be defined ... except through adaptation to your situation and context! 22nd of November 2024 Ethical Artificial Intelligence and Education - Christian M. Stracke 7 First & unique quality standard for e-Learning ISO/IEC 40180 for quality 22nd of November 2024 Ethical Artificial Intelligence and Education - Christian M. Stracke 8 1st ISO standard for (e-)learning quality First & unique quality standard for e-Learning ISO/IEC 40180 for discussion 22nd of November 2024 Ethical Artificial Intelligence and Education - Christian M. Stracke 9 Conceptual standard requires adaptation Inspiring Science Education Innovative & Open Learning Designs for STEM Education: •Inspiring Adaptable Tools •Resources, Pilots, Events •Teachers Communities 22nd of November 2024 Ethical Artificial Intelligence and Education - Christian M. Stracke 16 inspiring-science-education.eu 22nd of November 2024 Ethical Artificial Intelligence and Education - Christian M. Stracke 17 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3899929 www.Learn-STEM.org LINQ Conferences Please use: #LINQ2013 Follow: @LINQ_Conference Our Vision: Open Learning for best future Learning INnovation and Learning Quality! www.learning-innovations.eu LINQ Conferences Please use: #LINQ2013 Follow: @LINQ_Conference Our Vision: Open Learning for best future Learning INnovation and Learning Quality! www.learning-innovations.eu Grainne Conole Ramesh Sharma Ebba Ossiannilsson Jon Mason Daniel Burgos Aras Bozkurt Christian M. Stracke Chrissi Nerantzi María Soledad Ramírez Montoya Andreia Inamorato dos Santos Marian Wan Cécile Swiatek Jin Gon Shon Robert Farrow Özlem Karakaya Gema Santos-Hermosa Jane-Frances Obiageli Agbu Open Edu Open Edu Grainne Conole Ramesh Sharma Ebba Ossiannilsson Jon Mason Daniel Burgos Aras Bozkurt Christian M. Stracke Chrissi Nerantzi María Soledad Ramírez Montoya Andreia Inamorato dos Santos Marian Wan Cécile Swiatek Jin Gon Shon Robert Farrow Özlem Karakaya Gema Santos-Hermosa Jane-Frances Obiageli Agbu Schools & Higher Ed: https://doi.org/10.3390/su14031876 Open Education: https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v23i4.6120 Open Edu Grainne Conole Ramesh Sharma Ebba Ossiannilsson Jon Mason Daniel Burgos Aras Bozkurt Christian M. Stracke Chrissi Nerantzi María Soledad Ramírez Montoya Andreia Inamorato dos Santos Marian Wan Cécile Swiatek Jin Gon Shon Robert Farrow Özlem Karakaya Gema Santos-Hermosa Jane-Frances Obiageli Agbu Schools & Higher Ed: https://doi.org/10.3390/su14031876 Open Education: https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v23i4.6120 www.opening-up.education Opening up Education for All! © Sabine Dertinger Digital Education 22nd of November 2024 Ethical Artificial Intelligence and Education - Christian M. Stracke 25 Digitalisation Photo: https://www.bmas.de/DE/Service/Publikationen/a877-01-werkheft.html 22nd of November 2024 Ethical Artificial Intelligence and Education - Christian M. Stracke 32 Key Message 1 Artificial intelligence changes more than digitalisation and COVID-19 Ethical AI 22nd of November 2024 Ethical Artificial Intelligence and Education - Christian M. Stracke 34 Time pressure Figure: Christian Bauckhage (University of Bonn) 22nd of November 2024 Ethical Artificial Intelligence and Education - Christian M. Stracke 35 AI Act Impact-oriented approach 2021-04-21: Proposed by the European Commission 2023: General-purpose AI added 2024-03-13: Approved by the European Parliament 2024-05-21: Approved by the EU Council 22nd of November 2024 Ethical Artificial Intelligence and Education - Christian M. Stracke 36 AI Act Unacceptable risk of AI: prohibited High-risk of AI: regulated Limited risk of AI: transparency and awareness obligations Minimal risk of AI: unregulated General-purpose AI added later 22nd of November 2024 Ethical Artificial Intelligence and Education - Christian M. Stracke 37 AI Act Governance by AI Office Timeline with diverse deadlines Conformity assessment, registration, technical documentation, AI criteria, Code of Practice to be defined Annexes can be changed 22nd of November 2024 Ethical Artificial Intelligence and Education - Christian M. Stracke 38 AI Act Education in AI Act: •Recitals 4, 48, 44, 56 & 96 •Articles 4 (AI literacy), 5 (Prohibited) & 9 (High-risk) •Annex III (High-risk) 22nd of November 2024 Ethical Artificial Intelligence and Education - Christian M. Stracke 39 Special case of education Education as human right SDG 4: Education for all Mandatory school visit Learning cannot be forced https://opening-up.education/publications Photos: https://www.pixabay.com (345950) - https://www.pexels.com (207691) 22nd of November 2024 Ethical Artificial Intelligence and Education - Christian M. Stracke 40 Key Message 2 Artificial Intelligence and Education has to be regulated worldwide 22nd of November 2024 Ethical Artificial Intelligence and Education - Christian M. Stracke 41 Networks "Ethical Use of AI" German Network since March 2023: https://ethischeki.ecompetence.eu European Network since AIED 2023: https://ethicalai.ecompetence.eu Monthly meetings for collaboration: Everybody is most welcome! 22nd of November 2024 Ethical Artificial Intelligence and Education - Christian M. Stracke 48 Systematic Literature Review (SLR) SLR on Ethical AI and Education: "Global trends in scientific debates on trustworthy and ethical Artificial Intelligence and Education" by Stracke, C.M.; Chounta, I.-A. & Holmes, W. (2024) –presented at AIED 2024 in Recife https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11518072 22nd of November 2024 Ethical Artificial Intelligence and Education - Christian M. Stracke 49 Results of SLR on Ethical AI&ED RQ1: 3 journals > 2 articles, 39 out of 46 = only 1 article, no lead journal RQ2: 41 out of 62 articles from education & technology, 10 from social sciences, 8 from medicine, all others disciplines only with 1 article RQ3: 52 articles from developed world & 60 from Northern countries RQ4: started only 3 years ago, increase by 2000% https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-64315-6_21 Pre-print: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11518072 22nd of November 2024 Ethical Artificial Intelligence and Education - Christian M. Stracke 50 Results of SLR on Ethical AI&ED Major consequences: •Repetition of our Systematic Literature Review (that was restricted until end of 2022) to include the articles until end of 2023 •More focus on ethical AI&ED as human right https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-64315-6_21 Pre-print: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11518072 22nd of November 2024 Ethical Artificial Intelligence and Education - Christian M. Stracke 51 Ethical AI&ED guidelines Human rights, democracy, rule of law Commercial monopolism Ethical use of AI https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10995669 https://doi.org/10.37074/jalt.2023.6.2.38 Educational AI scenarios https://doi.org/10.37074/jalt.2023.6.2.33 www.asianjde.com/ojs/index.php/AsianJDE/article/view/709/394 Our Society 22nd of November 2024 Ethical Artificial Intelligence and Education - Christian M. Stracke 53 Current challenges https://www.unicef.org/reports/unicef-75-preventing-a-lost-decade COVID-19 pandemic & lockdowns War in Ukraine & many countries Climate change, poverty, hunger And now, Artificial Intelligence (AI) is appearing and changing mindsets New Normal? Global education (2020) https://data.unicef.org/covid-19-and-children 463 million pupils could not learn in the COVID-19 lockdowns anymore = 1 in 3 pupils! 22nd of November 2024 Ethical Artificial Intelligence and Education - Christian M. Stracke 54 International crises https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Supertramp_-_Crisis.jpg Economic crisis (Hayes, profit only) Education crisis (innovations, quality) Media crisis (literacy, fake news) Societal crisis (ethics, egoism) We need innovative and high quality Open Education for all as human right Crisis? What Crisis? 22nd of November 2024 Ethical Artificial Intelligence and Education - Christian M. Stracke 55 22nd of November 2024 Ethical Artificial Intelligence and Education - Christian M. Stracke 56 Future of our education? Democratisation Social media Collaboration Education 5.0 Education ideal Digital divide Fake news Egoism Commercialisation Exploitation ideal 22nd of November 2024 Ethical Artificial Intelligence and Education - Christian M. Stracke 57 Popular misconceptions Social media Digital natives 21st century skills AI competences Commercial profit Digital literacy Competence development Only digital competences No "social" services! No digital natives! No AI competences! No 21st century skills! 22nd of November 2024 Ethical Artificial Intelligence and Education - Christian M. Stracke 64 UNESCO Network UNOE UNOE = UNESCO Unitwin Network on Open Education 16 partners from all five continents https://opening-up.education https://unitwin-unoe.org 22nd of November 2024 Ethical Artificial Intelligence and Education - Christian M. Stracke 65 UNESCO Network UNOE 22nd of November 2024 Ethical Artificial Intelligence and Education - Christian M. Stracke 66 2nd AI&ED Working Conference Council of Europe, 24-25 October 2024 https://opening-up.education Network "Ethical use of AI" European Community for Ethical AI&ED https://ethicalai.ecompetence.eu Our networks 22nd of November 2024 Ethical Artificial Intelligence and Education - Christian M. Stracke 67 1. Artificial intelligence changes more than digitalisation and COVID-19 (& anything) 2. AI&ED has to be regulated worldwide: There is only little time ... 3. Education and AI have to focus more ethics, democracy, & the social society My key messages Open Education https://opening-up.education/artificial-intelligence-and-education 22nd of November 2024 Ethical Artificial Intelligence and Education - Christian M. Stracke 68 AI and Education Dr. Christian M. Stracke Coordinator Cloud Strategy, OE and AI&ED Research [email protected] www.hrz.uni-bonn.de www.opening-up.education Interested? Contact me! 22nd of November 2024 Ethical Artificial Intelligence and Education - Christian M. Stracke 69 References Stracke, C. M., Chounta, I.-A., & Holmes, W. (2024). Global trends in scientific debates on trustworthy and ethical Artificial Intelligence and education. In Artificial Intelligence in Education. AIED 2024. Communications in Computer and Information Science. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11518072 Stracke, C. M. et al. (2024): What is Artificial Intelligence (AI)? How can I use AI ethically at university? Edited by the German Network "Ethische Nutzung von KI". https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10995669 Stracke, C. M., Chounta, I.-A., Holmes, W., Tlili, A., & Bozkurt, A. (2023). A standardised PRISMA-based protocol for systematic reviews of the scientific literature on Artificial Intelligence and education (AI&ED). Journal of Applied Learning and Teaching, 6(2), 64-70. https://doi.org/10.37074/jalt.2023.6.2.38 Huang, R., Tlili, A., Xu, L., Chen, Y., Zheng, L., Saleh Metwally, A. H., Da, T., Chang, T., Wang, H., Mason, J., Stracke, C. M., Sampson, D., & Bonk, C. J. (2023). Educational futures of intelligent synergies between humans, digital twins, avatars, and robots - the iSTAR framework. Journal of Applied Learning & Teaching, 6(2), 28-43. https://doi.org/10.37074/jalt.2023.6.2.33 22nd of November 2024 Ethical Artificial Intelligence and Education - Christian M. Stracke 70 References Bozkurt, A., Xiao, J., Lambert, S., Pazurek, A., Crompton, H., Koseoglu, S., Farrow, R., Bond, M., Nerantzi, C., Honeychurch, S., Bali, M., Dron, J., Mir, K., Stewart, B., Costello, E., Mason, J., Stracke, C. M., ..., & Jandrić, P. (2023). Speculative Futures on ChatGPT and Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI): A Collective Reflection from the Educational Landscape. Asian Journal of Distance Education, 18(1), 53-130. https://www.asianjde.com/ojs/index.php/AsianJDE/article/view/709/394 Stracke, C. M., Bozkurt, A., McGreal, R., & Zawacki-Richter, O. (2022). Open Educational Resources and their global needs, benefits and practices: The call for a future research agenda. IEEE Bulletin of the Technical Committee on Learning Technology. https://tc.computer.org/tclt/10-1109-proofread-2022-03007 [ESCI] Tlili, A., Burgos, D., Stracke, C. M., Mason, J., Denden, M., Altinay, F., & Nascimbeni, F. (2022). Impact of personality on educator attitudes towards open educational resources. Knowledge Management & E-Learning, 14(4), 444–465. https://doi.org/10.34105/j.kmel.2022.14.023 [SSCI, Open Access] 22nd of November 2024 Ethical Artificial Intelligence and Education - Christian M. Stracke 71 References Stracke, C. M., Burgos, D., Santos-Hermosa, G., Bozkurt, A., Sharma, R. C., Swiatek, C., Inamorato dos Santos, A., Mason, J., Ossiannilsson, E., Shon, J. G., Wan, M., Agbu, J.-F., Farrow, R., Karakaya, Ö., Nerantzi, C., Ramírez Montoya, M. S., Conole, G., Cox, G., & Truong, V. (2022). Responding to the initial challenge of COVID-19 pandemic: Analysis of international responses and impact in school and higher education. Sustainability, 14(3), 1876. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14031876 [SSCI, Open Access] Awarded by the National Institute for Digital Learning (Ireland) as Global Top 10 COVID-19 research in 2022! Stracke, C. M., Sharma, R. C., Bozkurt, A., Burgos, D., Swiatek, C., Inamorato dos Santos, A., Mason, J., Ossiannilsson, E., Santos-Hermosa, G., Shon, J. G., Wan, M., Agbu, J.-F., Farrow, R., Karakaya, Ö., Nerantzi, C., Ramírez Montoya, M. S., Conole, G., Cox, G., & Truong, V. (2022). Impact of COVID-19 on formal education: An international review on practices and potentials of Open Education at a distance. The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 23(4), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v23i4.6120 [SSCI, Open Access] 22nd of November 2024 Ethical Artificial Intelligence and Education - Christian M. Stracke 72 References Stracke, C. M., Sharma, R. C., Swiatek, C., Burgos, D., Bozkurt, A., Karakaya, Ö., Ossiannilsson, E., Mason, J., Nerantzi, C., Agbu, J.-F., Ramírez Montoya, M. S., Shon, J. G., Inamorato dos Santos, A., Farrow, R., Wan, M., Santos-Hermosa, G., & Conole, G. (2021). How COVID-19 has an impact on formal education: A collective international evaluation of open education in distance learning. Proceedings of the 14th Annual International Conference of Education, Research and Innovation (ICERI) (pp. 4270-4275). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5764585 Truong, V., Denison, T., & Stracke, C. M. (2021). Developing institutional Open Educational Resource repositories in Vietnam: Opportunities and challenges. The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 22(4), 109-124. https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v23i1.5582 [SSCI, Open Access] Stracke, C. M., & Skuballa, I. (2021). Using, analysing and evaluating eye-tracking at different educational levels: Towards an evaluation framework for impact assessment. TEM JOURNAL - Technology, Education, Management, Informatics, 10(2), 483-487. https://doi.org/10.18421/TEM102-01 [ESCI, Open Access] 22nd of November 2024 Ethical Artificial Intelligence and Education - Christian M. Stracke 73 References Stracke, C. M., & Trisolini, G. (2021). A Systematic Literature Review on the Quality of MOOCs. Sustainability, 13(11), 5817. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13115817 [SSCI, Open Access] Holubinka, K., Stracke, C. M., Forsman, P., & Juutinen, S. (2021). Virtual Internationalization in Higher Education: Design Reflections and Lessons Learned. Zeitschrift für Hochschulentwicklung (ZfHE), 16(2), 43-56. https://doi.org/10.3217/zfhe-16-02/03 [Open Access] Stracke, C. M., van Dijk, G., Fasen, J., Lisdat, F., & Simoens, W. (2020). A Holistic Pedagogical Model for STEM learning and education inside and outside the classroom. In P. Zaphiris & A. Ioannou (Eds.): Learning and Collaboration Technologies. Designing, Developing and Deploying Learning Experiences. LCT 2020, Part I, HCII 2020, LNCS 12205 (pp. 568–581). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50513-4_41